The emergence of teeth is a complex physiological process characterized by the formation of the tooth crown, its movement towards the occlusal plane, and subsequent penetration through the alveolar bone and oral mucosa to achieve functional positioning for contact with opposing teeth. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) are critical regulators of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, playing significant roles in tooth emergence. Their regulatory functions exhibit intricate temporal and spatial dynamics, with underlying mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers both domestically and internationally have investigated the role and mechanisms of PTH/PTHrP in tooth emergence, primarily focusing on aspects such as dental sac formation, basal alveolar bone development, coronal alveolar bone resorption, root formation, and periodontal ligament development. Literature reviews indicate that PTH and PTHrP regulate bone metabolism, coordinate various signaling pathways including OPG/RANK/RANKL, cAMP/PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin, and are allosterically modulated by Ca2+ and ATP. These processes contribute to the development of dental sacs, which transmit signals to recruit osteoclasts and promote the resorption of crown alveolar bone, thereby forming an eruption pathway. Additionally, PTH/PTHrP plays a role in the formation of basal alveolar bone, root development, and the periodontal ligament, generating the force necessary for tooth eruption. Through precise spatiotemporal regulation and coordinated efforts, alveolar bone remodeling is achieved, facilitating the intricate process of tooth eruption. Through stringent temporal regulation and multi-faceted cooperation, remodeling of the alveolar bone occurs to complete this intricate developmental process of tooth emergence. Future research should further elucidate the mechanisms underlying PTH/PTHrP actions while also considering optimal dosage regimens regarding timing and frequency for therapeutic applications.

Objective This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Fujiu Patch(composed of Sinapis Semen,Kansui Radix,Corydalis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma)on the CD4+ T helper 17 cell(Th17)/CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell(Treg)balance in asthmatic rats via the signal pathway of IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)as well as IL-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5(STAT5),and to reveal its anti-asthma mechanisms.Methods An experimental asthma model was constructed by ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and challenge,and then the rats were administered with Fujiu Patch at Dazhui(DU14),Feishu(BL13)and Shenshu(BL23)points for 4 hours each time,once every other day for 7 times.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expressions of Th17 specific cytokine(IL-17)and Treg transcription factor(Foxp3)in rat lung tissue.The percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood was examined by flow cytometry analysis,and the expressions of IL-6/STAT3 and IL-2/STAT5 pathway-related proteins in lung tissue were assayed with Western Blot.Results Compared to the model group,IL-17 positive expression in the rat lung showed a significant reduction in the Fujiu Patch group(P＜0.01),while the positive expression of Foxp3 was obviously increased(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the protein expression levels of IL-6 and phospho-STAT3 were were significantly declined(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of IL-2 and phospho-STAT5 were were significantly elevated(P＜0.01).However,there was no significant alteration in the total protein expressions of STAT3 and STAT5(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood of rats in the Fujiu Patch group was lower than that in the model group,while the proportion of Treg cells was higher than that in the model group.Statistically-significant differences were observed(all P＜0.01).Conclusion These findings indicate that Th17/Treg immune imbalance occurs in asthmatic rat.Fujiu Patch may exert anti-asthma effects via inhibiting the expression of IL-6,downregulating the expression of phospho-STAT3,diminishing the level of IL-17-producing Th17 cells,as well as increasing the expressions of IL-2-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation,raising the level of Foxp3-expressing Treg cells,promoting Th17/Treg balance and suppressing immune responses in rat with asthma.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of prone transpsoas lateral interbody fusion (PTP LIF) combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in the prone position.Methods:A total of 23 patients who underwent LLIF in the prone position at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between March 2023 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort comprised 9 males and 14 females, with a mean age of 55.5±8.8 years (range, 41-70 years). The clinical diagnoses included intervertebral disc herniation with endplate inflammation (3 cases), lumbar spinal stenosis (13 cases), lumbar spondylolisthesis (5 cases), and lumbar instability (2 cases). The surgical segments involved L 3, 4 (15 cases), L 4, 5 (6 cases), and L 3-L 5 (2 cases), with 21 cases involving a single segment and 2 cases involving double segments. The disc height and lumbar lordosis Angle before and after surgery were compared. Lower back pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), while lumbar spine function was assessed via the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the modified MacNab criteria at the last follow-up. Results:All surgeries were successfully completed. The operation time was 120.2±21.4 min (range, 90-175 min), intraoperative blood loss was 131.1±40.8 ml (range, 60-200 ml), and the hospital stay was 6.2±1.6 days (range, 4-10 days). Follow-up was obtained for all 23 cases, with the follow-up time being 9.6±2.2 months (range, 6-13 months). One case of endplate damage occurred during surgery, two cases of transient psoas muscle weakness occurred postoperatively, and one case of lower limb pain and numbness was reported; no cases of wound infection or delayed healing were observed. The postoperative disc height improved compared to preoperative (6.8±1.9 mm; F=66.618, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between 3 months postoperative (11.1±1.2 mm) and immediately postoperative (12.2±1.2 mm; P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference between the last follow-up (10.7±1.1 mm) and immediately postoperative ( P<0.05). The postoperative lumbar lordosis angle improved compared to preoperative (35.3°±5.4°; F=19.465, P<0.001), with no statistically significant difference between 3 months postoperative (44.1°±5.4°) and immediately postoperative (47.8°±6.6°; P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference between the last follow-up (43.2°±5.3°) and immediately postoperative ( P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score improved compared to preoperative (6.3±1.1 points; F=79.931, P<0.001), and the last follow-up (1.1±1.1 points) showed further improvement compared to 3 months postoperative (1.7±1.4 points; P<0.05). The postoperative ODI improved compared to preoperative (69.9%±7.4%; F=592.392, P<0.001), with 3 months postoperative (23.1%±3.1%) showing improvement compared to 1 month postoperative (29.2%±3.1%), and the last follow-up (17.5%±3.6%) showing further improvement compared to 3 months postoperative ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the modified MacNab criteria were: excellent in 16 cases, good in 5, fair in 2, with an excellent and good rate of 91% (21/23); 7 cases of cage subsidence were observed, with no cases of internal fixation loosening. Conclusion:PTP LIF combined with pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases is safe and effective, with satisfactory short-term postoperative outcomes.

The correlation between hearing loss (HL) and physical performance in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poorly investigated. This study explored the association between HL and physical performance in patients on MHD. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and April 2021 in seven hemodialysis centers in Shanghai and Suzhou, China. The hearing assessment was performed using pure-tone average (PTA). Physical performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: Finally, 838 adult patients (male, 516 [61.6%]; 61.2 ± 2.6 years) were enrolled. Among them, 423 (50.5%) had mild to profound HL (male, 48.6% and female, 53.4%). Patients with HL had poorer physical performance than patients without HL (p < 0.001). TUGT was positively correlated with PTA (r = 0.265, p < 0.001), while handgrip strength and gait speed were negatively correlated with PTA (r = –0.356, p < 0.001 and r = –0.342, p < 0.001, respectively). Physical performance in patients aged <60 years showed significant dose-response relationships with HL. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for HL across the TUGT quartiles (lowest to highest) were 1.00 (reference), 1.15 (0.73–1.81), 1.69 (1.07–2.70), and 2.87 (1.69–4.88) (p for trend = 0.005). Conclusion: Lower prevalence of HL was associated with a faster TUGT and a stronger handgrip strength in patients on MHD.

Objective: To understand the performance of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in screening of contacts of COVID-19 cases in same flights and provide evidence for the effective screening of persons at high risk for the infection in domestic flights. Methods: The information of passengers who took same domestic flights with COVID-19 cases in China from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022 were retrospectively collected,and χ² test was used to analyze positive nucleic acid detection rates in the passengers in different times before the onsets of the index cases, in different seat rows and in epidemic periods of different 2019-nCoV variants. Results: During the study period, a total of 433 index cases were identified among 23 548 passengers in 370 flights. Subsequently, 72 positive cases of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid were detected in the passengers, in whom 57 were accompanying persons of the index cases. Further analysis of the another 15 passengers who tested positive for the nucleic acid showed that 86.67% of them had onsets or positive detections within 3 days after the diagnosis of the index cases, and the boarding times were all within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases. The positive detection rate in the passengers who seated in first three rows before and after the index cases was 0.15% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.27%), significantly higher than in the passengers in other rows (0.04%, 95%CI: 0.02%-0.10%, P=0.007),and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rate among the passengers in each of the 3 rows before and after the index cases (P=0.577). No significant differences were found in the positive detection rate in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, among the epidemics caused by different 2019-nCoV variants (P=0.565). During the Omicron epidemic period, all the positive detections in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, were within 3 days before the onset of the index cases. Conclusions: The screening test of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be conducted in the passengers took the same flights within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases on board. Passengers who seated within 3 rows from the index cases can considered as the close contacts at high risk for 2019-nCoV, for whom screening should be conducted first and special managements are needed. The passengers in other rows can be classified as general risk persons for screening and management.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China ; Nucleic Acids

Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use* ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use*

【Objective】 To investigate whether there is a correlation between the differences in ABO blood group distribution in patients with pancreatic cancer, and to evaluate the relative risk. 【Methods】 Patients with pathological diagnosis or discharge diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who underwent ABO blood group typing in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2021 were selected, and the blood group distribution of patients and the correlation were analyzed. 【Results】 There was a statistically significant difference between the pancreatic cancer group and the control group (P<0.05). The study showed that type A may be a relative risk factor for pancreatic cancer patients (χ²=42.44, P<0.001), and type B may play a protective role (χ²=16.28, P<0.01). Significant differences were found in distribution between different gender groups (χ²=64.35, P<0.05). The test results showed that type A may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in men (χ²=35.2, OR=1.7, 95%CI=0.59-1.02, P<0.001), and type O may play a protective role in pancreatic cancer(χ²=18.22, OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.25-0.32, P<0.01); type A may be a relative risk factor for female pancreatic cancer patients (χ²=7.06, OR=1.4, 95%CI=0.59-1.02, P<0.001), while type B may play a protective role (χ²=20.32, OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.32-0.43, P<0.01). In pancreatic cancer group, the risk factors of blood type A were higher than those of non-A group, and the protective effect of type B was significantly higher than that of non-B group. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of blood group and relative risk factors in pancreatic cancer patients suggest that A type is predominant; in the population with A blood group, more attention should be paid to early prevention and early treatment, so as to reduce the risk of disease.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of acute shortening-lengthening technique with antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded bone transport technique for the treatment of segmental tibial defects after trauma.Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients with large tibial defects treated by Ilizarov technique in Xi′an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University from May 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty patients were treated by acute shortening-lengthening (group A), and they were divided into those who were successful in one-time shortening during operation (group A1) and those who needed gradual shortening after operation (group A2) according to different shortening conditions. And 28 patients by antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded bone transport (group B). The external fixation time (EFT) and external fixation index (EFI) of the two groups were compared. Bone defect healing and limb functions were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. Complications were compared by Paley classification. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as ± s, and t-test was used for comparison between groups; the count data were expressed as n(%), and the chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between groups. Results:Patients were followed for(27.5±5.1)months. There was no significant difference in EFT, EFI, bone defect healing and limb functions between the two groups( P>0.05). The incidence of Grade-Ⅱ[41.2% (7/17)], Grade-Ⅲ [47.1% (8/17)] pin-tract infection in group A1 and Grade-Ⅱ[46.2% (6/13)], Grade-Ⅲ pin-tract [53.8% (7/13)] in group A2 was significantly higher than those in group B[14.3% (4/28)], [17.9% (5/28)] ( P<0.05). The number of complications per capita in group A1 [(1.4±0.3) times/case] and in group A2 [(1.5±0.3) times/case]was significantly higher than that in group B [(1.1±0.5) times/case]. Conclusions:Patients can be cured successfully by both acute shortening-lengthening and bone transport techniques. Compared with acute shortening-lengthening group, the complication incidence in antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded bone transport group was lower, especially, the infection-related complications. Therefore, antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded bone transport technique has a greater application prospect in patients with large segmental bone defects caused by infection or osteomyelitis.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects robot navigation assisted and conventional proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) implantation and fixation in the treatment of elderly femoral trochanteric fractures.Methods:A total of 86 elderly patients with tuberosity fracture of the femur were admitted as research samples from January to March in 2022 in the Department of Trauma Orthopaedic, Xi′an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University, including 37 males and 49 females, who aged from 63 to 92 years, with an average age of (79.6 ± 6.9) years. All patients were treated with intramedullary nails (PFNA), 32 with dimensity robotic-assisted therapy (robot group) and 54 with traditional methods (conventional group). The length of incision, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and the operation time were recorded. The occurrence of postoperative complications in the two groups was observed. The rate of excellent hip Harris score at 3 month after surgery was compared between the two groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as mean ± standard deviation( ± s), and the comparison between groups was conducted using the t-test; the comparison of count data were represented as [ n(%)], and was conducted by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability between groups. Results:All patients were followed up for 9 to 12 months, with an average of (10.6 ± 0.9) months. The incision length and tip apex distance (TAD) of the robot group were (3.40±0.82) cm and (21.85±1.44) mm, which were smaller than (4.82±0.75) cm and (26.83±1.75) mm in the conventional group ( P<0.05 for all). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and guide needle adjustment [(14.53±3.26) and 0 times] in the robot group were less than those in the conventional group [(20.67±4.84) and (2.83±1.42)] ( P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and drainage rate of the robot group were (87.03±9.41) and (46.40±8.91) mL, which were smaller than that of the conventional group [(110.00±12.52) and (69.62±10.22) mL] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of days of hospitalization and operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the robot group was 9.4%, which was lower than that in conventional group (42.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.88, P=0.036). The excellent rate of postoperative hip joint function in the robot group was 75.0%, and the conventional group was 66.7%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.66, P=0.416). Conclusion:Robot-assisted navigation downward PFNA surgery can have good clinical effect in the treatment of femoral tuberosity fracture in the elderly, which can reduce the number of surgical incisions and intraoperative fluoroscopy, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, which is helpful to achieve minimally invasive surgery and rapid recovery of elderly patients with femoral tuberosity fracture.