AIM:To explore the relationship between the amplitude of diurnal variations in the choroidal vascular index(CVI)and annual changes in spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length in school-aged children.METHODS: Prospective study. Totally 39 cases(39 eyes)of Chinese school-age children aged 7 to 12 that diagnosed as emmetropia and myopia and error of refraction at optometry clinics of Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from July to August 2021 were selected. While 33 cases(33 eyes)were finally included, with 6 cases of loss to 1 a follow-up. A total of 16 cases(16 eyes)with annual growth of SE<0.5 D and 17 cases(17 eyes)with annual growth of SE≥0.5 D were divided into a non-progression group and progression group, respectively. Swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and custom choroidal analysis software were used to longitudinally observe diurnal variations in CVI of subjects, and the association between CVI diurnal amplitude and annual changes in SE and axial length was analyzed.RESULTS:It showed no significant correlation between the CVI diurnal amplitude at 1 mm from the fovea and annual changes in SE of the non-progressive group(P=0.65), while in the progression group, the CVI diurnal amplitude at 1 mm from the fovea was negatively correlated with annual changes in SE(P=0.048). However, no significant correlation was identified between CVI diurnal amplitude and annual changes in axial length in either group(all P>0.05). The diurnal amplitude of the CVI at the 1 mm foveal center had an effect on annual SE progression(P=0.039). Conversely, the diurnal amplitude of axial length, the annual changes in axial length, and the maximum or minimum time of CVI demonstrated significant associations with SE progression(all P> 0.05).CONCLUSION: Diurnal variations in CVI amplitude are associated with SE progression in school-aged children, providing a basis for further understanding the choroid-related changes in the process of myopia onset and progression.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and malignancy of red-patch like lesion(RPL)during cystoscopy,and to explore the significance of RPL biopsy.Methods Clinical data of patients who had RPL detected in our hospital during Jan.2019 and Jun.2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including gender,age,cause of examination,presence of scars,complications and biopsy pathology.The patients were divided into the benign and malignant groups,and their clinical and RPL characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 521 cases of RPL were enrolled including 416(79.8％)benign cases,and 105(20.2％)malignant cases.The averae age of the malignant group was higher than the benign group's[(66.8±12.2)years vs.(62.8±12.9)years,P=0.005].The malignant detection rate of RPL in postoperative follow-up patients,those with hematuria and those with lower urinary tract symptoms was 23.7％(92/389),19.6％(9/46),4.7％(4/86),respectively.According to direct observation and experience,the detection rate of pathological malignancy in the three groups of patients with high suspicion of RPL malignancy,mild suspicion of RPL malignancy and high probability of benign was 56.9％(37/65),37.0％(30/81)and 10.1％(38/375),respectively.Conclusion Once RPL is detected during cystoscopy,active biopsy should be performed.For elderly male patients undergoing postoperative follow-up,RPL biopsy is particularly important,especially when the lesion is located on or near the scar surface.

Background: /Aim: It is known that an imbalance in the intestinal f lora plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the effect of food consumption patterns on the types of intestinal flora remains to be clarified. We aimed to analyze the associations between food intake and intestinal flora in healthy and CRC individuals. Methods: Food intake data were recorded using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The composition and diversity of the intestinal flora detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the data were analyzed by R version 3.1.1 software. Results: Higher intake of red meat or pickled foods, and lower intake of white meat, fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts were found in the CRC group compared with the healthy group. Higher levels of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, and lower levels of Firmicutes were observed in the CRC group. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the intake of fruits, beans, and nuts was negatively correlated with Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, but pickled food was positively correlated with Fusobacteria (p < 0.05). Fish, beans, and nuts intake was negatively correlated with Escherichia (p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that vegetable oil (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.82), vegetables (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.64), eggs (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.69), pickled foods (OR, 21.02; 95% CI, 6.02 to 73.45), and red meat (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.68 to 10.60) had an impact on CRC risk. Conclusions The species and abundance of intestinal flora varies between CRC and healthy individuals and may be affected by their food preference.

Background: /Aim: It is known that an imbalance in the intestinal f lora plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the effect of food consumption patterns on the types of intestinal flora remains to be clarified. We aimed to analyze the associations between food intake and intestinal flora in healthy and CRC individuals. Methods: Food intake data were recorded using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The composition and diversity of the intestinal flora detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the data were analyzed by R version 3.1.1 software. Results: Higher intake of red meat or pickled foods, and lower intake of white meat, fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts were found in the CRC group compared with the healthy group. Higher levels of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, and lower levels of Firmicutes were observed in the CRC group. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the intake of fruits, beans, and nuts was negatively correlated with Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, but pickled food was positively correlated with Fusobacteria (p < 0.05). Fish, beans, and nuts intake was negatively correlated with Escherichia (p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that vegetable oil (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.82), vegetables (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.64), eggs (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.69), pickled foods (OR, 21.02; 95% CI, 6.02 to 73.45), and red meat (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.68 to 10.60) had an impact on CRC risk. Conclusions The species and abundance of intestinal flora varies between CRC and healthy individuals and may be affected by their food preference.

Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical ill COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial ow of 60 L/min and 37℃ should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols.
Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; isolation & purification ; Cannula ; Coronavirus Infections ; therapy ; Humans ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; therapy

Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial flow of 60 L/min and 37℃ should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols.
Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; Cannula ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Masks ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; instrumentation ; standards ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the clinical applicability of three-dimensional CT angiography by evaluating the anatomic features and variation of inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) and left colic artery(LCA) in order to provide reference to vessel ligation strategy in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.

METHODSClinical and image data of 123 patients receiving abdominal multislice CT at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital from 2014 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The images were 3D-reconstructed with computer 3D CT angiography and arterial enhancement phase images were chosen for analysis. Linear distances from IMA root to abdominal aortic bifurcation and from LCA at IMA root level to IMA root were measured. Branch types of IMA, coursing pattern of LCA, and association between LCA and inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) site were summarized.

RESULTSOf 123 cases, 80 were males and 43 were females, mean age was (46.8±16.6) years, body weight was (57.7±10.4) kg, and BMI was (21.3±3.6) kg/m. The average distance from IMA root to abdominal aortic bifurcation was (42.5±7.9) mm, and this distance was closely associated with body weight (OR=4.771, 95%CI: 1.398 to 16.283, P=0.013). Longer distance tended to appear in the heavier patients. LCA and sigmoid artery (SA) originating from same single IMA was found in 61(49.6%) cases; LCA and SA forking at same point in 35(28.5%) cases; LCA and SA coursing together and forking afterwards in 24(19.5%) cases, and LCA disappearing in 3(2.4%) cases. In 71(57.7%) patients, LCA ascended medial to the lateral border of left kidney, while in 16(13.0%) patients, LCA arranged below the inferior border of left kidney. When the LCA site was higher and the distance from LCA to IMA root was closer [distance from LCA to IMA root level was (24.2±9.9) mm, (30.0±15.2) mm and (66.6±12.3) mm, F=83.2, P<0.001]. At the level of IMA root, LCA located medial to IMV in 21(17.1%) cases, located just lateral to IMV in 54(43.9%) cases, and located lateral and ascended far away from IMV in 48(39.0%) cases.

CONCLUSION3D-CT angiography is non-invasive, efficient and accurate in evaluating coursing features and variation of IMA and its branches, which can provide important reference to the surgeons, promising laparoscopic surgery smooth and safe.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure. The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of carnosic acid (CA) on APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanism in mice. To induce hepatotoxicity, APAP solution (400 mg/kg) was administered into mice by intraperitoneal injection. Histological analysis revealed that CA treatment significantly ameliorated APAP-induced hepatic necrosis. The levels of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum were reduced by CA treatment. Moreover, CA treatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced hepatocytes necrosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing. Western blot analysis showed that CA abrogated APAP-induced cleaved caspase-3, Bax and phosphorylated JNK protein expression. Further results showed that CA treatment markedly inhibited APAP-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression and the levels of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and p65 protein in the liver. In addition, CA treatment reduced APAP- induced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Conversely, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level was increased by administration of CA in APAP-treated mice. Mechanistically, CA facilitated Nrf2 translocation into nuclear through blocking the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, which, in turn, upregulated anti-oxidant genes mRNA expression. Taken together, our results indicate that CA facilitates Nrf2 nuclear translocation, causing induction of Nrf2-dependent genes, which contributes to protection from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
Acetaminophen ; Alanine Transaminase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cytokines ; Glutathione ; Hepatocytes ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-6 ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Malondialdehyde ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To explore the application value of tissue dispersion quantitative analysis in rat liver fibrosis stages and provide a reference for clinical non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n =64) and control group (n =8).The experimental groups of rats were gavaged with the volume fraction of 60％ CCl4 olive oil solution to form different stages of liver fibrosis,the control group did wvith normal saline,All the rat underwent tissue dispersion quantitative analysis to obtain 12 elastic parameters,the differences in above parameters were compared among rats with different liver fibrosis stages,then the correlation with pathological stages were analyzed.Results Except for COMP,ASM,CORR,there were significant differences in all parameters among rats of different liver fibrosis (P ＜0.05),which were correlated with pathological stages(P ＜0.05).Among these parameters,％ AREA had the highest correlation coefficient (r =0.891,P =0.001).The ROC curve was made by ％AREA to estimate the fibrosis stage.the area under ROC curve for ％ AREA was 0.914 (≥ the control group + S0),0.963 (≥early liver fibrosis S1 + S2),0.969 (≥middle liver fibrosis S3),0.948 (early cirrhosis S4),respectively.Conclusions The technique of tissue dispersion quantitative analysis has a good evaluation value for liver fibrosis stages,it is able to provide a preliminary reference for clinical non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) associated mechanism of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in spinal cord hemisection injured rats. Methods 55 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (n=5), spinal cord injury group (n=25) and PNS group (n=25). The rats were evaluated with BBB score, pathology and immunohistochemistry 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention. Results Compared to the spinal cord injury group, motor recovery was significantly better in PNS group 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention (P<0.05). Nissl staining showed less neuron necrosis and more integrated neural cells in morphology in PNS group 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression was inhabited, and less number of positive cells were found in PNS group 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention. Conclusion PNS can inhibit the expression of cPLA2 after spinal cord injury, which may be one of the mechanisms of its effect on promoting motor recovery.