Objective:To investigate effects of polydimethylsiloxane coating on the quality characteristics and qual-ity control methods of medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottles,including appearance,identification,physi-cal properties,water resistance of inner surface and element leaching amount.Methods:Nine batches of coated medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottles and corresponding medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottles from three companies were used to evaluate whether the quality control method of medium borosilicate glass tube in-jection bottles after polydimethylsiloxane film was modified,and to evaluate the effect of coating on the quality char-acteristics of bottles.Results:The coating did not have effect on appearance,identification and physical properties of medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottle.The coating process did not damage the original performance of the medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottle,and lead to the matters with special attention on the inspection method.The water resistance of the inner surface of the coated medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottle was improved.The leaching amounts of harmful elements such as arsenic,antimony,lead and cadmium before and after coating were low,indicating that the coating process did not increase the leaching risk of these harmful elements.The leaching amounts of elements were determined by ICP-OES,and no significant changes were found in most metal elements.Conclusion:The appearance,identification,physical properties and element leaching quality con-trol method of medium borosilicate glass tube injection bottle after poly dimethylsiloxane film coating do not need to be changed.The water resistance of the inner surface after coating is improved,and there is no significant adverse effect on other quality characteristics.

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

METHODSA total of 32 SD female rats with regular estrus were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an immobilization group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the model group, EA group and immobilization group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (160 mg/kg) for 15 days to establish the model. From the beginning of model establishment, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25), once a day for the first two weeks (5 treatments per week) and once every two days for the last two weeks (3 treatments per week). EA was given 20 min per treatment for four weeks. The rats in the immobilization group were treated with immobilization with identical duration, frequency and total amount as the EA group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group. When model was successfully established in the model group, rats were sacrificed to test the weight of sexual gland and the sexual gland index; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the radioimmunoassay method was applied to test the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T). In addition, the morphology and the number of ovarian follicles were observed; and western blot method was applied to test the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ovarian tissue.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index decreased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P reduced, while serum FSH, LH and T increased in the model group (all <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles decreased, while atretic follicles increased in the model group (all <0.01); the expression of Bax protein increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased in the model group (both <0.01). Compared with the model group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index and uterus weight increased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P increased, while serum FSH and LH reduced (<0.05, <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles increased, while atretic follicles reduced (<0.05, <0.01); the expression of Bax protein reduced, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in the EA group (<0.05, <0.01). The differences of each outcome indexes were not significant between the model group and immobilization group (all >0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and Tianshu (ST 25) for 4 weeks has certain protective effect on ovarian in POI rats, which is likely to be related with up-regulating ovarian granular cells, inhabiting the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

METHODSA total of 48 SD female rats with regular estrus were divided into a blank group (=8), a model group (=10), an EA group (=10), a binding group (=10) and a tamoxifen (TAM) group (=10). The rats in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group were all treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days to establish the model of POI; the rats in the blank group were treated with normal diet. After the model was established successfully, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) with continuous wave (1 to 3 Hz, 0.1 to 1 mA) for 20 minutes, once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the TAM group were treated with subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (1mg/kg), once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the binding group were bound by a small sack as the EA group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were treated with normal diet. After four weeks, the sexual gland weight and index were tested in each group; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-mllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the morphology of ovary was observed; the number of primordial follicles, primary follicle, antral follicle and atretic follicle was counted; the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were measured.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the blank group, the ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index were significantly decreased after treatment in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01); but the differences between the model group and the EA group, binding group, TAM group were not significant (all >0.05). (2) Compared with the blank group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly reduced; the levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased in the model group; EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly increased, the level of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in the EA group and TAM group (all <0.01). (3) Compared with the blank group, in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group the ovary was dark red and pale, surrounded by particle or not; the morphology was small and atrophic; the primordial follicles was reduced even vanished; the structure of primary follicle was damaged and loosely arranged; the mature follicle was few; the atretic follicle and interstitial gland were increased. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-1R mRNA were increased in the model group (all <0.01); compared with the blank group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was increased in the binding group (<0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was not significantly different (>0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not significantly different in the EA group, binding group and TAM group (all >0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was reduced (<0.05, <0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) has improvement effect on ovarian function in rats with VCD-induced POI, which is likely to be related to regulating the IGF-1R mRNA expression to improve the IGF-1/ IGF-1R axis.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of walnut-shell moxibusiton on dry eye symptoms. METHODS: A total of 67 patients with dry eye symptoms were randomized into a walnut moxibustion group and a sodium hyaluronate eye drops group. METHODS: In the walnut moxibustion group, the walnut moxibustion was used, once every two days, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group, sodium hyaluronate eye drops were selected, 4 times a day, one drop instilled in each eye each time, for 4 weeks totally. At the baseline (before treatment) and in 4 weeks of treatment, the score of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), the score of visual analogous scale (VAS) for eye symptoms, the tear film break-up time (BUT), the cornea fluorescent pigmentation (FL) and SchirmerⅠ(SchⅠ) were evaluated. In 1-month follow-up after treatment termination, the changes of OSDI and VAS scores were evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: In 4 weeks of treatment and the follow-up, OSDI scores were reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (<0.001, <0.05). In 4 weeks of treatment and the follow-up, the change values of OSDI were (-16.03±17.42) and (-13.47±21.41) as compared with those before treatment in the walnut moxibustion group; and were (-9.58±23.45) and (-13.90±20.92) in the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group separately. The differences were not significant between the two groups (all >0.05). In 4 weeks of treatment and the follow-up, VAS scores were reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.001). In 4 weeks of treatment, BUT was increased as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (both <0.05), the results of FL and SchⅠ did not change significantly before and after treatment in the two groups (all >0.05). The differences were not significant in the above indexes between the two groups (all >0.05). There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups. CONCLUSION The walnut-shell moxibustion is available likely for the subjective symptoms in the patients with dry eye syndrome and contributes to the tear film stabilization. The therapeutic effects need to be further evaluated with the adequate sample size in the randomized controlled trial.
Dry Eye Syndromes ; therapy ; Humans ; Juglans ; Moxibustion ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Tears ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo preliminary assess the efficacy of's extraordinary acupoints for the ovarian function of polycystic ovary syndrome.

METHODSFifty-six patients were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group. In the acupuncture group, the acupoints were Fuke, Huanchao, Tianhuang (Yinlingquan, SP 9), Renhuang (Sanyinjiao, SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1). The treatment was used twice a week for continuous 12 weeks. In the western medication group, patients were given diane-35 for 3 menstrual cycles, once a day for 21 days with 7 days between the two sessions. The ratio of luteinizing hormone/flitropin (LH/FSH) was taken as the primary index, while the secondary indices were serum testosterone (T), FSH, LH, body mass index (BMI), the condition of ovary and menstruation.

RESULTS①After treatment, the ratio of LH/FSH declined in both the two groups (<0.05,<0.01). The decreasing values of the two groups were not significantly different (>0.05). ②T, LH and BMI dropped in the two groups (<0.05,<0.01). The decreasing values of the three indices between the two groups were not significantly different (all>0.05). ③The size of ovary did not change significantly after treatment in the two groups (both>0.05), but the reduction degree of ovary size of the acupuncture group was larger than that of the western medication group (<0.05). The ovary number of more than 10 foliiculi in single ovary in the acupuncture group reduced compared with that before treatment (<0.05). The reduction degree of ovary number with the above feature was not significantly different between the two groups (>0.05). ④The times and days of menstruation within 3 months increased significantly in the two groups (all<0.01), without significance of different valves between the two groups (both>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS 's extraordinary acupoints could improve the ovarian function of polycystic ovary syndrome, whose effect is similar as diane-35.

Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zhongliao (BL33) can improve the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB),such as urinary frequency,urgency,and incontinence.However,its performance compared with other acupoints remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of EA at BL33 with deep needling on rats with OAB by detecting urodynamics in eight groups:no intervention group,D-BL33 group (deep needling at BL33),S-BL33 group (shallow needling at BL33),non-acupoint group (needling at the non-acupoint next to BL33),Weizhong (BL40) group,Sanyinjiao (SP6) group,Tongtian (BL7) group,and Hegu (LI4) group.Results revealed that EA at BL33 with deep needling,BL40,and SP6 prolonged the intercontraction interval (ICI) of rats with OAB (P=0.001,P =0.005,P =0.046,respectively,post-treatment vs.post-modeling).Furthermore,the change in ICI from post-modeling in the D-BL33 group was significantly greater than those of the no intervention and other EA groups (all P ＜ 0.01).Significantly shortened vesical micturition time (VMT) and elevated maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) were also observed in the D-BL33 group (P =0.017 and P =0.024,respectively,post-treatment vs.post-modeling).However,no statistically significant differences in the changes of VMT and MDP from postmodeling were observed between D-BL33 and the other EA groups.In conclusion,EA at BL33 with deep needling may inhibit acetic-acid-induced OAB more effectively.

The literature was analyzed on the improvement of motor sensory function, urination and defecation in myelitis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and focused on the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment. The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for myelitis was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed. The analysis included the characteristics of acupoint selection, methods of acupuncture and moxibustion, time of treatment, total treatment period, efficacy, follow-up, safety, etc. Totally, 26 articles were collected. The combined therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion was predominated (12/26, 46. 15%). For the motor and sensory impairment, the acupoints were mainly selected from the four limbs, the yangming meridians of hand and foot and those adjacent to the affected spinal segments and on the governor vessel as well as Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. For urinary impairment, the acupoints were selected mainly from the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the lumbosacral region on the bladder meridian. For the intestinal impairment, the acupoints were from the lower limb on the stomach meridian, the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the back points on the bladder meridian. The intervention started commonly in the first 3 months after onset. The total treatment period was in the range from 1 to 3 months. The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion was 69.19% to 82.56% for the improvement of motor sensory and urination, defecation function. The efficacy in follow-up was stable and the adverse reactions were not reported. It is viewed that on the basis of early diagnosis and active medication, acupuncture and moxibution achieve a certain of efficacy on the impairment of motor sensory function, urination and defecation. A clinical research is expected to further verify the efficacy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Defecation ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Moxibustion ; Myelitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urination

The pattern/symptom differentiation system in acupuncture treatment is lack of the unique characteristics and advantages in theory and clinical practice and it just rigidly adopts the methods of pattern/symptom differentiation of the other disciplines in TCM. In fact, it is necessary to have the unique and more practical theoretic system to guide acupuncture treatment. According to the characteristics of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment, the acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination becomes the law of acupuncture treatment. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination is the expression to concretize the diagnosis and treatment of disease under the guidance of pattern/syndrome differentiation. Both of them are originated from the general principles of TCM and for the particular disciplines of TCM. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination benefits the promotion and application of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians

Clinical Trials as Topic ; Electroacupuncture ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Based on entire literature retrieval about low back pain treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, Clinical Practice Guideline for Low Back Pain Treated with Acupuncture and Moxibustion was drafted according to method of evidence quality and recommended intensity grading system(GRADE). This article specificly introduces the aim and available diseases of the guideline. The principle and recommended plans are also detailedly explained.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; standards ; China ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; therapy ; Moxibustion ; methods ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic