Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high rates of disability,recurrence and mortal-ity.It results primarily from cerebrovascular rupture or transient/permanent occlusion.Due to the complex pathological mechanism of stroke and the lack of early-stage biomarkers,effective treatment options remain limited.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are stable and conserved endogenous long noncoding RNA that regulate the pathological process of stroke,in-cluding oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy.In addition,the regulatory roles of circRNAs in stroke include ceRNA,DNA methylation and histone modification.This review provides a comprehensive overview of circRNA biogenesis,major functions and characteristics.Furthermore,it presents the latest research findings on circRNAs in the context of stroke pathology,with the aim of providing new insights and potential approaches for unraveling the underlying mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.

According to understanding of the pathogenesis of acne, scholars have established animal models of acne inflammation, animal models of grafting human skin acne, and natural acne animal models. The acne inflammation model is mainly induced by bacterial infection, chemical drug application, and foreign matter injection. Natural acne animal models include animals that some are sensitivity to hormones and some have clinical symptoms of acne. It is necessary to select appropriate model animals and replicate model methods for the development of acne intervention products with different degrees and mechanisms. At present, there are only human evaluation standards of acne health functions in China, but no animal evaluation standards, which has affected the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of acne as well as the research and development progress of acne products. This article summarizes the conditions for the occurrence of acne, the characteristics of human skin, the bidirectional effect of Cutibacterium acnes on human skin, acne animal models, and commonly used observation and evaluation indicators, providing the reference for studying the pathogenesis of acne, promoting acne treatment and health care, and developing treatment products.

Nitrate is the main form of inorganic nitrogen that crop absorbs, and nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) is a high affinity transporter using nitrate as a specific substrate. When the available nitrate is limited, the high affinity transport systems are activated and play an important role in the process of nitrate absorption and transport. Most NRT2 cannot transport nitrates alone and require the assistance of a helper protein belonging to nitrate assimilation related family (NAR2) to complete the absorption or transport of nitrates. Crop nitrogen utilization efficiency is affected by environmental conditions, and there are differences between varieties, so it is of great significance to develop varieties with high nitrogen utilization efficiency. Sorghum bicolor has high stress tolerance and is more efficient in soil nitrogen uptake and utilization. The S. bicolor genome database was scanned to systematically analyze the gene structure, chromosomal localization, physicochemical properties, secondary structure and transmembrane domain, signal peptide and subcellular localization, promoter region cis-acting elements, phylogenetic evolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) recognition and annotation, and selection pressure of the gene family members. Through bioinformatics analysis, 5 NRT2 gene members (designated as SbNRT2-1a, SbNRT2-1b, SbNRT2-2, SbNRT2-3, and SbNRT2-4) and 2 NAR2 gene members (designated as SbNRT3-1 and SbNRT3-2) were identified, the number of which was less than that of foxtail millet. SbNRT2/3 were distributed on 3 chromosomes, and could be divided into four subfamilies. The genetic structure of the same subfamilies was highly similar. The average value of SbNRT2/3 hydrophilicity was positive, indicating that they were all hydrophobic proteins, whereas α-helix and random coil accounted for more than 70% of the total secondary structure. Subcellular localization occurred on plasma membrane, where SbNRT2 proteins did not contain signal peptides, but SbNRT3 proteins contained signal peptides. Further analysis revealed that the number of transmembrane domains of the SbNRT2s family members was greater than 10, while that of the SbNRT3s were 2. There was a close collinearity between NRT2/3s of S. bicolor and Zea mays. Protein domains analysis showed the presence of MFS_1 and NAR2 protein domains, which supported executing high affinity nitrate transport. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SbNRT2/3 were more closely related to those of Z. mays and Setaria italic. Analysis of gene promoter cis-acting elements indicated that the promoter region of SbNRT2/3 had several plant hormones and stress response elements, which might respond to growth and environmental cues. Gene expression heat map showed that SbNRT2-3 and SbNRT3-1 were induced by nitrate in the root and stem, respectively, and SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-3 were induced by low nitrogen in the root and stem. Non-synonymous SNP variants were found in SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-1a. Selection pressure analysis showed that the SbNRT2/3 were subject to purification and selection during evolution. The expression of SbNRT2/3 gene and the effect of aphid infection were consistent with the expression analysis results of genes in different tissues, and SbNRT2-1b and SbNRT3-1 were significantly expressed in the roots of aphid lines 5-27sug, and the expression levels of SbNRT2-3, SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT3-2 were significantly reduced in sorghum aphid infested leaves. Overall, genome-wide identification, expression and DNA variation analysis of NRT2/3 gene family of Sorghum bicolor provided a basis for elucidating the high efficiency of sorghum in nitrogen utilization.
Nitrate Transporters ; Nitrates/metabolism* ; Sorghum/metabolism* ; Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics* ; Nitrogen/metabolism* ; DNA ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism*

Objective To extract key parameters from a series of biomechanical parameters of rowing technique, so as to provide useful information for coach training. Methods Based on rowing performance of 16 rowers in national team, the factor analysis was used to extract reducing dimension of biomechanical parameters of rowing technique of 80 oxygen utilisation 2 （UT2） training pieces. Results The biomechanical parameters of rowing techniques were classified as technical characteristic factors (angle of 70% peak force, work portion of per 25% stroke length, drive start time, finish slip, position of peak force and angle of peak force), power factor (rower power, average of boat power, port swivel power and stroke swivel power), stroke length factor (catch angle and finish angle) and oar’s motion factor (recovery time, stroke rate and distance of per stroke). Conclusions Monitoring and analyzing these biomechanical factors would contribute coaches and scientific researchers to accurately judge the technical characteristics and shortcomings of rowers.

CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) refers to a set of multiple gene promoter CpG island methylation phenotype which exists in tumor at the same time.Many studies show that CIMP is ubiquitous in gastric cancer,which is related to the pathogenesis,diagnosis,patient's condition,prognosis and curative effect of gastric cancer.

The studies have shown that the genesis and development process of breast cancer is closely related with microRNAs (miRNAs).Multiple miRNAs are involved in the progress of the incidence of breast cancer,and can be used to assess the prognosis,clinical treatment of breast cancer,and to explore the resistance mechanisms.

Objective To study the prevalence,risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in middle-aged and senior residents in Zhengzhou China.Methods A randomized,community-based,crosssectional study was performed on 10 160 residents aged 40 or older in urban area of Zhengzhou by using a stratified system sampling approach.A questionnaire including the subjects' basic information,previous history,present history,the Chinese overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was filled on site.The diagnostic criteria for OAB was 'an urgency score for Question 3 of 2 or more,and an OABSS of 3 or more'.Chisquare test was used to determine the differences of prevalence between genders,age groups,BMI and people with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).A pairwise comparison was conducted between different age,BMI group by using Bonferroni method.Results A total of 10 160 residents were investigated and finally 9805 (96.5％) were qualified for final statistical analysis.The mean age was (57.9 ± 9.7) years.The overall prevalence of OAB was 2.1％ (209/9805),of which,with OABdry 1.0％,and OABwet 1.1％.Male subjects were more likely suffered from OAB than female,with 2.7％ (84/3129) versus 1.9％ (125/6676).The prevalence of OAB in both male and female increased with age.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of male and female before the age of 60 years (1.2％ versus 1.4％,P ＞ 0.05) and more common in men than in women after the age of 60 years (4.6％ versus 2.6％,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of the subjects with DM was significantly higher than those without DM (P ＜ 0.05).The subjects with BMIs of 30 or more were nore likely to have OAB (3.2％ versus 1.8％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of OAB increases with advancing age.The prevalence of male is higher than female after the age of 60 years.The diabetics and obese people are more likely to have OAB.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of treating rheumatism arthritis with pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation of Tongluoshu Liquid.Methods The study of single-blind method was adopted.60 patients were recruited randomly into 2 groups,with 30 patients in each group.The patients in treatment group were administered with Tongluoshu Liquid,150ml each time,twice a day.Those in the control group were given diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets,one tablet each time,twice a day,and methotrexate,7.5 mg for each time,once a week.Results Compared with the control group,the symptoms of joint pain,joint swelling,joint tenderness,bend to stretch disadvantage and soreness and weakness of waist and knees were significantly improved( U=1.20、1.36、1.01、1.78、1.46,P＜0.05)in the treatment group.Conclusion Tongluoshu Liquid is a kind of economical,safe and effective medicine to treat rheumatism arthritis.

Objective To investigate the effect and significance of early coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the expression level of nerve-related factor at infracted border zone (IBZ) in dogs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The anterior descending coronary artery of all thirty dogs randomly assigned into experimental group(n =22) and control group(n =8)were ligated into MI model.The experimental group included those undergoing CABG 1(n =6),2 week(n =4),4 week(n =6)and 6 week (n =6) after MI,and control group(n =2) was established for every experimental group.We detected the local expression level of nerve-related factor such as GAP43 mRNA,NGF mRNA and SYN mRNA at normal myocardium and infracted border zone myocavdium by means of RT-PCR through thoracotomy at eight weeks after surgery.Results Four dogs of every experimental group and all dogs of control group survived to the end of the study.The local expression level of GAP43 mRNA,NGF mRNA and SYN mRNA in control groups was significantly higher than that in normal and experimental groups (P ＜0.01 ).The local expression level of GAP43 mRNA,NGF mRNA and SYN mRNA in 4 and 6 weeks bypass groups was significantly higher than that in normal and 1,2 weeks bypass groups (P ＜0.05).There was no statistically significant the expression level of SYN mRNA among all experimental groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Early CABG surgery for AMI in dogs could lessen the expression level of nerve-related factor and the sympathetic remodelling at IBZ.Especially CABG surgery two weeks after MI could lessen the sympathetic maximacily.

BACKGROUND:Along with the medicine development.the prevention and treatment of the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle have made a remarkable progress,but the clinical curative effect is still not satisfied OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status of the prevention and treatment methods of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy,and to find a more effective method for the prevention and treatment of the denervated of skeletal muscle atrophy METHODS:Using"denervation,muscle atrophy,treatment"in English for the search term,Medline database from January 1998 to January 2008 was retrieved.Using"denervation,muscle atrophy,treatment:in Chinese for the search term,the Chinese Journal Full-text Database from January 1998 to January 2008,Wanfang Database from January 1998 to January 2008,and Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation and Tissue Engineering Research from January 1 998 to January 2008 were searched.Literature was limited to English and Chinese languages.The muscular endurance and contractile force,muscle wet weight of denervated nerve,and skeletal muscle repair served as the evaluation index The studies on the micro-surgical procedures,physical therapy,biological and chemical therapies,gene therapy for the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle were included.Except the above methods,other therapies to the denervated skeletal muscle atrophy were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After peripheral nerve damage.the skeletal muscle is denervated and then inevitably atrophy occurs Therefore,the exploration of prevention and treatment of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy has attracted the interests from many domestic and foreign scholars.will certainly become the important task and the research hot spot in the 21st century in the peripheral nerve domain The microsurgery surgery,physiotherapy,biology and chemotherapeutics,gene therapy are the main effective prevention methods for the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle.At present,this domain.s research already presents the multiple perspectives and various tendencies.The prevention and treatment of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy has already given the pointed management,but in the improvement microcycle,but much works need to carry on in fields of improving microcirculation,preventing cell apoptosis,suppressing the collagen excessive growth,as well as adjusting myogenic regulatory factors expression using gene therapy method in the gene level,but also had the.Along with the tissue engineering,cell culture science,molecular biology,genetic engineering and so on,an unceasing development will be obtained regarding the prevention and treatment of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.