Objective To explore the research progress, research hotspot and development trend of tigecycline resistance based on the quantitative analysis and visualization function of CiteSpace. Methods The data were collected from 4,263 Chinese and English articles on tigecycline resistance in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science (WOS) databases from 2012 to 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to analyze the cooperative network of authors, the cooperative network of countries and institutions, the total citation times of journals, and keywords included in the literature, to reveal the hotspots and trends of tigecycline resistance research. Results The number of articles published in English literature was higher than that in Chinese literature. China had the largest number of published documents, showing a significant international academic influence in this research field. Countries all over the world were concerned about the resistance of tigecycline, but Chinese literatures focused more on the clinical infection and prevention of tigecycline resistance, while English literatures placed special emphasis on the research about the drug resistance mechanism of tigecycline. Conclusion The research direction at home and abroad is basically the same, but the research focus has gradually shifted from the clinical treatment and monitoring of tigecycline to the molecular level of drug resistance mechanism.

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high rates of disability,recurrence and mortal-ity.It results primarily from cerebrovascular rupture or transient/permanent occlusion.Due to the complex pathological mechanism of stroke and the lack of early-stage biomarkers,effective treatment options remain limited.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are stable and conserved endogenous long noncoding RNA that regulate the pathological process of stroke,in-cluding oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy.In addition,the regulatory roles of circRNAs in stroke include ceRNA,DNA methylation and histone modification.This review provides a comprehensive overview of circRNA biogenesis,major functions and characteristics.Furthermore,it presents the latest research findings on circRNAs in the context of stroke pathology,with the aim of providing new insights and potential approaches for unraveling the underlying mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.

Objective:To explore the changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of hippocampal subregions in nicotine addicts after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using resting-state FC.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. The clinical and imaging data from 20 male nicotine addicts at Zhejiang Hospital between 2022 and 2024 were analyzed prospectively. All participants received rTMS treatment and were assessed with nicotine-related clinical scales and resting-state FC analysis before and after treatment. The clinical scale evaluations included the Fagerstr?m test for nicotine dependence (FTND), smoking severity index, Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale (MNWS), short tobacco craving questionnaire (sTCQ), and visual analog scale (VAS). Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the differences in clinical scale scores before and after treatment. Ten subregions of the bilateral hippocampus (including the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus-amygdala transition area, and subiculum) were used as seed points, and paired t-tests were conducted to compare the FC differences in these subregions before and after treatment. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess the correlation between changes in resting-state FC in the rTMS group and clinical scale scores. Results:Compared to pre-treatment, the scores on the FTND, smoking severity index, MNWS, sTCQ, and VAS all significantly decreased after rTMS treatment in nicotine addicts (all P<0.05). Compared to pre-treatment, post-treatment FC was reduced between the left dentate gyrus subregion and the bilateral supplementary motor area and left middle cingulate gyrus, while it increased between the left entorhinal cortex subregion and the right middle and superior temporal gyri, and between the left hippocampus-amygdala transition area subregion and the bilateral calcarine cortex and cuneus (Gaussian random field correction, voxel-level P<0.01, cluster-level P<0.05). Negative correlations were observed between the FC difference in the left hippocampus-amygdala transition area subregion and the right calcarine cortex and the difference in sTCQ-impulse score before and after treatment ( r=-0.447, P=0.048). Negative correlations were observed between the FC difference in the left hippocampus-amygdala transition area subregion and the right cuneus and the difference in the sTCQ-expectation score ( r=-0.559, P=0.010). Negative correlations were observed between the FC difference in the left hippocampus-amygdala transition area subregion and the left calcarine cortex and the differences in sTCQ-emotion and sTCQ-expectation scores ( r=-0.516, P=0.020; r=-0.466, P=0.038, respectively). Negative correlations were observed between the FC difference in the left hippocampus-amygdala transition area subregion and the left cuneus and the differences in sTCQ-emotion and sTCQ-expectation scores ( r=-0.459, P=0.042; r=-0.501, P=0.024, respectively). Conclusion:Changes in FC in certain hippocampal regions are observed in nicotine addicts following rTMS treatment, suggesting that hippocampal subregions may serve as potential biomarkers for nicotine addiction withdrawal to some extent.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of postoperative depression in patients with esophageal cancer, and to develop a risk prediction model which providing a theoretical basis for the early detection of depression in high-risk groups by clinical staff.Methods:From September 2022 to March 2023, at the South Campus of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 269 hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer (191 in depression group, 78 in non-depression group) were selected as the model construction set. From March to May 2023, at the South Campus of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 78 hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer were selected as the external validation set. The patients with Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ score ≥5 and depression diagnosed by two experts (chief psychiatrists of the Department of Psychiatry of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University) were considered as depression and included in the depression group, and the other patients were enrolled in the non-depression group. The general data, blood routine examination, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood electrolytes, blood lipids, clinical symptoms (gastroesophageal reflux, sleep disturbance, appetite, etc.) and depression score were compared between the depression group and the non-depression group. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to analyze the independent risk factors of postoperative depression in patients with esophageal cancer, and a risk warning model was constructed. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the fitting degree and predictive efficiency of the model, and the cross-validation method was used to verify the effectiveness of the model. Results:The incidence of postoperative depression in patients with esophageal cancer was 71.0% (191/269). The total white blood cell count, hs-CRP, blood phosphorus β 2 microglobulin and the proportion of sleep disorders of the depression group were higher than those of the non-depression group (1.3 (1.1, 5.4) ×10 9/L vs. 0.9 (0.3, 1.1) ×10 9/L, 75.8 (54.8, 102.1) mg/L vs. 60.8 (3.6, 61.5) mg/L, (1.33±0.32) mmol/L vs. (1.02±0.19) mmol/L, (2.17±0.72) mg/L vs.(2.12±0.49) mg/L, 84.3% (161/191) vs. 33.3% (26/78), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=9.24, 7.88, t=9.24, χ2=67.87 t=1.98; all P<0.001); hemoglobin, total platelet count, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the proportion of poor appetite were lower than those of the non-depression group ((119.91±24.51) g/L vs. (122.09±22.97) g/L, (203.43±58.45)×10 9/L vs. (311.55±83.54)×10 9/L, (1.04±0.30) mmol/L vs. (1.43±0.23) mmol/L, 73.3% (140/191) vs. 84.6% (66/78)), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.00, -8.42 and -8.48, χ2=3.96; P=0.047, <0.001, <0.001, =0.047). The results of multifactorial logistic regression model analysis showed that sleep disorder ( OR=3.976, 95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.601 to 9.872)), loss of appetite ( OR=0.271, 95% CI 0.092 to 0.791), white blood cell count ( OR=31.808, 95% CI 2.879 to 351.401), hs-CRP ( OR=1.031, 95% CI 1.017 to 1.044), platelet count ( OR=0.990, 95% CI 0.982 to 0.997), and HDL ( OR=0.017, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.242) were independent influencing factors of postoperative depression in patients with esophageal cancer. The formula of risk warning model was probability of depression=1-1/{1+ exp[1.544+ 1.380×sleep disturbance (yes=1, no=0)-1.307×loss of appetite (yes=1, no=0)-0.010×platelet count (×10 9/L)-4.063×HDL (mmol/L)+ 0.030×hs-CRP (mg/L)+ 3.460×white blood cell count (×10 9/L)]}. The results of Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model has a good fit ( χ2=2.01, P=0.981), with an area under the ROC of 0.949, a sensitivity of 0.874, and a specificity of 0.872. The cross-validation of the external validation set showed that the accuracy of the risk warning model was 67.9%. Conclusion:This study is a preliminary study on the risk warning model of postoperative depression in patients with esophageal cancer, which provides a novel approach for screening depression in patients with esophageal cancer after surgery.

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a 23-membered macrolide with immunosuppressant activity that is widely used clinically for treating the rejection after organ transplantation. The research on tacrolimus production was mainly focused on biosynthesis methods, within which there are still some bottlenecks. This review summarizes the progress made in tacrolimus biosynthesis via modification of metabolic pathways and control of fermentation process, with the hope to address the technical bottlenecks for tacrolimus biosynthesis and improve tacrolimus production by fermentation engineering and metabolic engineering.
Tacrolimus ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Fermentation ; Macrolides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Plasticity in the glutamatergic synapses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is not only essential for behavioral adaptation but also extremely vulnerable to drugs of abuse. Modulation on these synapses by even a single exposure to an addictive drug may interfere with the plasticity required by behavioral learning and thus produce impairment. In the present work, we found that the negative reinforcement learning, escaping mild foot-shocks by correct nose-poking, was impaired by a single in vivo exposure to 20 mg/kg cocaine 24 h before the learning in mice. Either a single exposure to cocaine or reinforcement learning potentiates the glutamatergic synapses on MSNs expressing the striatal dopamine 1 (D1) receptor (D1-MSNs). However, 24 h after the cocaine exposure, the potentiation required for reinforcement learning was disrupted. Specific manipulation of the activity of striatal D1-MSNs in D1-cre mice demonstrated that activation of these MSNs impaired reinforcement learning in normal D1-cre mice, but inhibition of these neurons reversed the reinforcement learning impairment induced by cocaine. The results suggest that cocaine potentiates the activity of direct pathway neurons in the dorsomedial striatum and this potentiation might disrupt the potentiation produced during and required for reinforcement learning.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristic lung rehabilitation in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and TCM syndrome of lung and kidney qi deficiency at stable period. Methods Sixty patients with stable COPD and lung and kidney qi deficiency syndrome admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June to August 2017 were enrolled, and they were divided into routine treatment group and lung rehabilitation treatment group according to the random number table method, each group 30 cases. The routine treatment group was given Seretide (serevent/futicasone) dry powderi nhalation therapy; on the basis of therapy in the routine treatment group, the lung rehabilitation treatment group was treated with TCM characteristic lung rehabilitation technology (acupoint application + Chinese medicine ionic induction + oral administration of Chinese medicine Liuweibuqi granules, delivery at appropriate intervals); both groups were treated for 2 months. The changes of TCM syndrome score, western medicine symptom score, the times of acute exacerbation of COPD, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, lung function indexes: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) were observed before and after treatment in two groups. Results After treatment, TCM syndrome score, western medicine symptom score, CAT score, and after treatment the times of acute exacerbation of COPD in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the above indexes in the lung rehabilitation treatment group were markedly lower than those in routine treatment group [TCM syndrome score:11.93±1.80 vs. 14.27±2.88, western medicine symptom score: 14.20±2.75 vs. 11.93±4.23, CAT score: 14.87±2.60 vs. 16.23±4.39, the times of acute exacerbation of COPD (times): 0.63±0.49 vs. 0.95±0.83, all P < 0.05]. The improvement of FEV1 in the two groups was not significant; but FEV1/FVC in lung rehabilitation treatment group was obviously higher than that before treatment, FEV1/FVC in lung rehabilitation treatment group was significantly higher than that in the routine treatment group [(57.93±7.27)% vs. (52.49±6.61)%, P < 0.05]. Conclusion The application of TCM characteristic lung rehabilitation in the treatment of COPD patients with stable lung and kidney qi deficiency syndrome based on bronchodilators and glucocorticoids can reduce the number of acute exacerbation, improve the patients' clinical symptoms and living quality, but the improvement of lung function is not significant.

The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. LncRNAs were also recently recognized as functional regulators of fibrosis, which is a secondary process in many of these diseases and a primary pathology in fibrosis diseases. We review the latest findings on lncRNAs in fibrosis diseases of the liver, myocardium, kidney, lung and peritoneum. We also discuss the potential of disease-related lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of human fibrosis diseases.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Fibrosis ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Metabolic Diseases ; Myocardium ; Pathology ; Peritoneum ; RNA, Long Noncoding

Objective To explore the application of UW solution in the replantation of the rat limb,and to explore a simple method for the ideal preservation of the amputated limbs.Methods From September,2017 to Janurary,2018,one hundred and twenty healthy adult male SD rats,weight 320-350 g,were randomly divided into 8 groups:A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H group.The isolated limbs of the control group A,C,E,G were cryopreserved in refrigerator at 4 ℃,while those of the experiment group B,D,F,H were preserved under the same condition after being perfused with UW solution.All the severed limbs were replanted back to the rats after different time length of cry opreservation:A,B 12 hours,C,D 20 hours,E,F 28 hours and G,H 36 hours.During the operations the femoral artery and venous patency were detected immediately after anastomosis.And after the operations the survival rates of limb replantation were observed.On the third day after the limb replantation,the tibial posterior muscle tissue was examined for pathology.The cell areas in pathological photographs were compared with Image analysis software Image-pro Plus 6.0 and the ultra structural changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed.Results The femoral artery and venous patency in experiment group A,C,E and control group B,D,F were all 100 percent.However,in the group G,H the severed limb vessels changed obviously,the patency dropped markedly and the survival rates of limb replantation turned out to be 0.The experiment groups perfused with UW solutions,had relatively higher survival rates compared with the control groups (12 h:93.33％ vs.53.33％,20 h:80.00％ vs.40.00％,28 h:53.33％ vs.13.33％) and the skeletal muscles edema was lighter than that of the control group,with a larger proportion of cell areas(12 h:69.49±8.57 vs.44.75±6.34,20 h:56.34±7.73 vs.36.69±5.74,28 h:45.76±8.23 vs.31.49±7.72).There was a significantly difference (P＜0.05).Electron microscope observation showed that the experiment group bore a lighter damage of myofibril,interstitial tissue and mitochondria compared with the control group.Conclusion The combination of UW solution and cryopreservation of organs is an ideal and proper way to preserve the amputation limb,to extend the time limit for replantation,and to achieve a better recovery effect of postoperative limb function.Besides,UW solution is easy to be promoted in the treatment of isolated limb in clinical work.

Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound primarily found in blueberries, grapes, and a tree wood, pterocarpus marsupium. Studies demonstrate that pterostilbene inhibits a variety of cancers, such as lung, breast, stomach, colon, etc. The anti-cancer activities are related to the regulation of several hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, pterostilbene exhibits much greater bioavailability and bioactivity than resveratrol which warrants further investigation in the anti-cancer functions and mechanisms.
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Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Stilbenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology