AIM: To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and radial peripheral capillary(RPC)density in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), and further analyze the correlation between RPC density and RNFL thickness.METHODS: Observational study. Totally 37 patients with unilateral BRVO diagnosed at the ophthalmology department of First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from October 2020 to January 2022 were selected, the 37 affected eyes were the unilateral BRVO group, and 37 fellow healthy eyes were the contralateral unaffected group, and 35 healthy individuals(35 right eyes were selected)without ocular diseases during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment, fundus and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)were examined in both eyes of all BRVO patients and healthy individuals. The central macular thickness(CMT), the RNFL thickness, and the optic disc-AV crossing distance(DAVD)were measured by built-in software of the OCTA equipment. The optimized U-net algorithm was used to eliminate the large blood vessels, and then the RPC density was calculated. The CMT, RNFL thickness and RPC density were compared among the three groups. And the correlations of the RPC density with the CMT, RNFL thickness, and the DAVD were investigated.RESULTS: Compared with the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group, the CMT and the RNFL thickness were significantly thickened in the unilateral BRVO group(all P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in the CMT and the RNFL thickness between the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group(all P>0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group increased compared with the contralateral unaffected group and decreased compared with the normal control group, but there was no statistically difference(all P>0.05). However, the RPC density in the contralateral unaffected group decreased compared with the normal control group(P<0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group was not correlated with the CMT(P=0.960), but positively correlated with the RNFL thickness(r=0.401, P=0.014)and negatively correlated with the DAVD(r=-0.339, P=0.040).CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickened significantly and the RPC density did not change significantly in the optic disc area of BRVO patients. The RPC density is positively correlated with the RNFL thickness, indicating that the RNFL thickness can be used as a monitoring indicator to analyze and study the damage degree of the RPC density.

In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

Objective To analyze the current development of researches on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and to provide reference for subsequent studies. Methods Studies on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2017 to 2021 were searched by computer. The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of studies were visualized and analyzed by CiteSpace. Results A total of 426 studies were collected, including 298 articles and 128 reviews. The average number of published studies was about 85, and increased year by year. PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment and liquid biopsy were hot keywords in this field. Conclusion In the future, combination of biomarkers in the liquid biopsy and tumor microenvironment with radiomics analysis will be the research hotspot and frontier in this field for more accurate assessment with tumor-related signatures such as lymphocytic immune status and characteristics of tumor lesions in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Objective To analyze the current research application status and hotspots of nanoparticles in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predict the future development trend. Methods The Web of Science database was searched for literatures on nanoparticles use in the treatment of NSCLC from inception to November 2022. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and literature measurement analysis online platform (https://bibliometric.com/) were used for the visual analysis of the number of documents, source journals, authors, organizations, countries and keywords. Results A total of 742 English literatures were included. The results showed that the number of published literatures increased year by year from 2011 and reached the peak in 2020. Researches on nanoparticles and NSCLC treatment were mainly concentrated in China, the United States, India and Japan. China is a major research country in this field, but it lacked cooperation with other countries and related institutions. Among numerous research institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the authoritative and backbone force in this research field, with the number of published literatures ranking first and the research achievements outstanding. The keyword analysis found that "poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs)" and "photothermal therapy" had become the latest breakout words since 2018. Moreover, the occurrence frequency of related keywords such as "drug delivery" increased significantly, indicating that the application of PLGA NPs in photothermal therapy might be the current research hotspot and future development trend of NSCLC treatment. Conclusion Currently, the domestic research on the treatment of nanoparticles and NSCLC is in a leading position in the world. The organic combination of nanoparticles with different materials and other NSCLC therapies is expected to improve the prognosis of NSCLC patients. In the future, attempts to develop nanoparticles with different sources and structures and combined with photothermal therapy for the treatment of NSCLC may become a research hotspot of nanoparticles in the treatment of NSCLC.

AIM: To quantify early changes of macular capillary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 49 healthy subjects, 52 diabetic patients without retinopathy(noDR)patients, and 43 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(mNPDR)patients were recruited. Capillary perfusion density, vessel length density(VLD), and average vessel diameter(AVD)were calculated from macular OCTA images(3 mm×3 mm)of the superficial capillary plexus after segmenting large vessels and the deep capillary plexus. Parameters were compared among control subjects, noDR, and mNPDR patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve estimated the abilities of these parameters to detect early changes of retinal microvascular networks.RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the VLD and AVD among the three groups(P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the noDR group had significantly higher AVD(P<0.05). VLD of both layers in patients of mNPDR group was significant decreased compared with that of noDR group(all P<0.01). Deep AVD had a higher area under the curve(AUC)of 0.796 than other parameters to discriminate the noDR group from the healthy group. Deep AVD had the highest AUC of 0.920, followed by that of the deep VLD(AUC=0.899)to discriminate the mNPDR group from the healthy group.CONCLUSIONS: NoDR patients had wider AVD than healthy individuals and longer VLD than mNPDR patients in both layers. When compared with healthy individuals, deep AVD had a stronger ability than other parameters to detect early retinal capillary impairments in noDR patients.

The emerging and re-emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health security. Field and laboratory studies of arthropods of medical importance are essential and critical for the prevention and control of arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Various institutions or universities in China have been conducting research in the field or laboratory study of arthropods of medical importance, but up to 2023, it is still lacking detailed biosafety guidelines or recommendations that can guide the related work for arthropods of medical importance. In order to proactively address potential biosafety issues in the field or laboratory activities related to arthropods of medical importance, improve the standardization of arthropod biosafety classification, operations, and protection, and ensure the safety of practitioners, an expert consensus on the biosafety recommendation of arthropods of medical importance in field and laboratory has been developed, aiming to guide the future work of arthropods and ensure the national biosafety and biosecurity of China.

Shear thinning is an ideal feature of bioink because it can reduce the chance of blocking. For extrusion based biological printing, bioink will experience shear force when passing through the biological printer. The shear rate will increase with the increase of extrusion rate, and the apparent viscosity of shear-thinning bioink will decrease, which makes it easier to block, thus achieving the structural fidelity of 3D printing tissue. The manufacturing of complex functional structures in tissue trachea requires the precise placement and coagulation of bioink layer by layer, and the shear-thinning bioink may well meet this requirement. This review focuses on the importance of mechanical properties, classification and preparation methods of shear-thinning bioink, and lists its current application status in 3D printing tissue trachea to discuss the more possibilities and prospects of this biological material in tissue trachea.

Sarcopenia and cardiometabolic diseases have become important public health problems affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly. Reducing the incidence of sarcopenia is of positive significance for preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases. This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia in the elderly, the relationship between sarcopenia and cardiometabolic diseases, and the possible mechanisms. It provides support for the prevention and control of sarcopenia combined with cardiometabolic diseases.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

Objective:To investigate the effect of Xidi Liangxue recipe on the proliferation and apoptosis of HaCaT cells through the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) /microRNA (miR) -485-5p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulatory network. Methods:HaCaT cells were induced by interleukin-17 (IL-17), and the mRNA and protein expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-485-5p and STAT3 was detected in IL-17-induced HaCaT cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. The location of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-485-5p in IL-17-induced HaCaT cells was observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the targeted regulatory relationship among lncRNA NEAT1, miR-485-5p and STAT3 was verified by double-luciferase reporter gene assay. Chinese herbs were decocted according to the Xidi Liangxue recipe, SD rats were divided into two groups to be gavaged with the above decoctions (medicated group) or physiological saline (control group) for 5 days, and then serum samples were collected from the above two groups of rats separately. The IL-17-induced HaCaT cells were divided into 4 groups: control group treated with the control sera, lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group transfected with lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression vectors and treated with the control sera, Xidi Liangxue recipe group treated with the medicated sera, and Xidi Liangxue recipe + lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group transfected with lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression vectors and treated with the medicated sera. qPCR, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and cell counting kit (CCK8) assay were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-485-5p and STAT3, and to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The two independent samples t-test was used for comparisons between two groups, one-way analysis of variance for comparisons among multiple groups, and least significant difference (LSD) t-test for multiple comparisons. Results:The IL-17-induced HaCaT cell group showed significantly increased relative expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1 and STAT3 mRNA (1.84 ± 0.21, 2.20 ± 0.24, respectively) and significantly increased protein expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 (1.27 ± 0.13, 2.43 ± 0.16, respectively), but significantly decreased expression level of miR-485-5p (0.32 ± 0.04) compared with the NHEK group (lncRNA NEAT1 and STAT3 mRNA: 1.00 ± 0.11, 1.00 ± 0.11, respectively, both P < 0.05; STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein: 1.00 ± 0.11, 1.00 ± 0.10, t = 2.54, 3.02, respectively, both P < 0.05; miR-485-5p: 1.00 ± 0.12, t = 2.94, P = 0.015). FISH demonstrated that miR-485-5p and lncRNA NEAT1 were co-located in the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells. The double-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the relative activity of luciferase was significantly lower in the miR-485-5p group than in the negative control group (both P < 0.05) after the transfection with wild-type lncRNA NEAT1 or STAT3 recombinant plasmids, while there were no significant differences between the miR-485-5p group and negative control group after the transfection with mutant lncRNA NEAT1 or STAT3 recombinant plasmids (both P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group showed significantly increased expression of lncRNA NEAT1 and STAT3 (including STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 protein, and p-STAT3 protein) in HaCaT cells (all P < 0.05), but significantly decreased miR-485-5p expression ( P < 0.05) ; the Xidi Liangxue recipe group showed significantly decreased expression of lncRNA NEAT1 and STAT3 (all P < 0.05), but significantly increased miR-485-5p expression compared with the control group ( P < 0.05) ; significantly decreased expression of lncRNA NEAT1 and STAT3, but significantly increased miR-485-5p expression was observed in the Xidi Liangxue recipe + lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group compared with the lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group (all P < 0.05). After 24-, 48-, and 72-hour intervention, CCK8 assay showed that the proliferative activity of HaCaT cells was significantly higher in the lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group than in the control group (all P < 0.05), as well as in the Xidi Liangxue recipe + lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group than in the Xidi Liangxue recipe group (all P < 0.05), and the cellular proliferative activity was significantly lower in the Xidi Liangxue recipe + lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group and Xidi Liangxue recipe group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group (5.84% ± 0.28%) than in the control group (14.75% ± 0.83%, LSD- t = 3.48, P = 0.002), but significantly higher in the Xidi Liangxue recipe group (35.72% ± 3.62%) than in the control group (LSD- t = 5.34, P = 0.001) ; the Xidi Liangxue recipe + lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group showed significantly increased apoptosis rate (27.64% ± 2.82%) compared with the lncRNA-NEAT1 overexpression group (LSD- t = 9.06, P < 0.001) . Conclusion:The Xidi Liangxue recipe could inhibit the proliferation of IL-17-induced HaCaT cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be related to the intervention in the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-485-5p/STAT3 regulatory network.