Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as the age-standardized rates of pertussis in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyze the characteristics of the pertussis disease burden, and the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in pertussis disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of pertussis in China decreased from 1 503 800 cases, 10 951 deaths, and 954 900 person-years to 65 400 cases, 548 deaths, and 46 500 person-years, representing a decrease of 95.65%, 95.00%, and 95.13%, respectively. The corresponding age-standardized rates also decreased by 93.58%, 92.47%, and 92.53%, respectively. The Joinpoint regression model revealed a significant downward trend in the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates for pertussis (AAPCs were -8.32%, -9.65%, and -9.58%, respectively, P<0.001). The disease burden was slightly higher in females than in males, with the majority of cases occurring in children under 10 years old, particularly in infants under 1 year old, where the burden was the heaviest. As age increased, the disease burden decreased. Conclusion Between 1990 and 2021, the overall disease burden of pertussis in China showed a significant downward trend, with gender and age differences. Special attention should be given on the prevention and control of pertussis in children under 10 years old, especially in infants under 1 year old.

ObjectiveTo establish a qualitative and quantitative analysis method for chemical constituents in Liu Junzitang（LJZT）， and to clarify its material basis. MethodThe chemical constituents in LJZT were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， and the resulting compounds were identified by using databases， such as MassBank， PubChem， ChemSpider， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analytical Platform（TCMSP）， and by combining with relevant literature. UPLC was used to establish a quantitative method for analysis of 9 compounds in LJZT， including liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ. ResultBy combining the relevant literature， database and MS information， a total of 79 compounds were identified from LJZT， including 31 flavonoids， 15 terpenoids， 14 nitrogen-containing compounds， 6 phenylpropanoids， 6 organic acids and 7 other compounds. The established quantitative analytical method for the nine representative components showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges， and the precision， stability， reproducibility and recovery were in accordance with the requirements. The quantitative results showed that the contents of liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ in LJZT were 0.376 5， 2.602 1， 0.082 6， 0.128 1， 1.778 6， 0.015 7， 0.006 7， 0.030 4， 0.003 2 mg·g^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established method can quickly， sensitively and accurately analyze the chemical constituents in LJZT， clarify that the material basis of LJZT is mainly flavonoids， terpenoids and nitrogen-containing compounds， and simultaneously determine the contents of the 9 components， which can lay a foundation for the research on quality control， mechanism and clinical application of LJZT.

BACKGROUND:The basic principle of the design of the robot system used for total knee arthroplasty is to combine three-dimensional surgical planning,early warning of danger areas during surgery,real-time data feedback,robot arm assisted osteotomy and other technologies to achieve precision and personalization of total knee arthroplasty,which is exactly its biggest advantage.Therefore,it has become a hot topic in the field of joint surgery in recent years and attracted much attention. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the development status of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty in the field of joint surgery and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages with conventional total knee arthroplasty and to prospect the future development of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:Relevant articles were searched from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases by computer.English key words were"robot OR robotic OR robotics OR robotically OR computer,total knee arthroplasty OR total knee replacement,TKA OR TKR".Chinese key words were"robotic-assisted,computer navigation,total knee arthroplasty".Finally,64 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The robot system used to assist total knee arthroplasty is divided into active,semi-active and passive according to its degree of freedom.The semi-active system,currently widely used in robotic systems,effectively enhances the accuracy and personalization of total knee arthroplasty.However,its high implementation cost and relatively steep learning curve remain key factors to be balanced when promoting its adoption in joint surgery field.(2)Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty can achieve precise osteotomy and correct placement of prosthesis in local three-dimensional space of the knee joint.It has been widely proven that it can provide better accuracy of prosthesis implantation,reduce imaging abnormalities,obtain good soft tissue balance during the operation,and ultimately improve the motion and functional status of the knee joint after the operation.(3)However,the current robotic-assisted system still has objective shortcomings,including the problem of learning curve between different robot devices and operators,additional installation and maintenance costs,and potential complications related to robot surgery.Therefore,whether it can truly benefit the medical system and patients still needs to be proven by long-term research,and the robotic-assisted system also needs to be further improved substantially.(4)Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty technique is still in the preliminary research stage in clinical practice and has not been widely applied.To better define the usage of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty and enhance its clinical procedural standards and safety,refining these aspects will become a focal point of future research on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To analyze the problems and differences in workplace on-site sampling and testing skills in external quality assessment in laboratory among occupational health technical service institutions. Methods A total of 108 occupational health technical service institutions nationwide, participated in the external quality assessment in laboratory of the on-site individual sampling operation skills for silica dust (hereinafter refer to as "silica dust sampling assessment") and on-site detection operation skills for carbon monoxide (hereinafter refer to as " carbon monoxide sampling assessment") in 2023, were selected as the research subjects. The result of the assessment was analyzed. Results The qualification rate of the institutions for the silica dust sampling assessment was 98.1%. The unqualified rate of institutions in the Pearl River Delta region was lower than that in non-Pearl River Delta regions (0.0% vs 11.1%, P<0.017). The excellence rate was higher in public institutions than that in private enterprises (73.5% vs 40.0%, P<0.017). The unqualified rate of institutions with permit was lower than that of institutions without permit (0.0% vs 13.3%, P<0.05). The qualification rate of the institutions for the carbon monoxide sampling assessment was 79.4%. The proportion of the institutes, whose results of carbon monoxide standard gas (gas bag) deviation was >±20.0% was higher in private enterprises than that in public institutions (32.8% vs 7.1%, P<0.017). In terms of the normativity of on-site individual sampling for silica dust, the rates of conducting air tightness checks before sampling, correct disassembly and installation and correct placement direction of dust sampling heads, and correct flow for calibration based on the provided dust sampling heads were low, at 53.7%, 33.3%, and 14.8%, respectively. In terms of the normativity of on-site detection of carbon monoxide, the accuracy rate of converting results by on-site detection individuals was low, at only 57.8%. ConclusionIt is necessary to further strengthen the training of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of individuals in occupational health technical service institutions in Guangdong Province, especially to enhance the capacity of occupational health technical services in non-Pearl River Delta regions of the province.

Objective To analyze the detection situation and variation tendency of volatile components of organic solvents in enterprises in Longgang District, Shenzhen City. Methods A total of 368 enterprises using organic solvents in Longgang District, Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2022 were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method. And its 2 086 reports of occupational hazards monitoring on volatile components of organic solvents in workplaces from 2019 to 2022 were collected for analysis. Results Among the 2 086 organic solvent samples, the top 10 chemical substances in terms of detection rates were toluene, methanol, xylene, n-hexane, ethylbenzene, dimethoxymethane, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate and cyclohexane, with detection rates ranging from 16.73% to 29.72%. The detection rate of benzene in organic solvent samples from 368 enterprises decreased from 13.84% to 5.13% from 2019 to 2022 (P<0.01). The detection rate of trichlorethylene decreased from 3.58% to 0.45% (P<0.01), and the detection rate of dichloroethane decreased from 4.53% to 1.81% (P<0.01). However, the reduction in the detection rate of n-hexane was not significant (from 28.88% to 23.08%, P>0.05). Benzene had relatively high detection rates in yellow glue, super glue, and thinner (10.94%, 10.00%, and 8.45%, respectively). The detection rate of n-hexane was relatively high in super glue, cleaning agent and car wash liquids (90.00%, 61.84%, and 46.81%, respectively). The detection rate of trichlorethylene was relatively high in cleaning agent (3.95%), and the detection rate of dichloroethane was relatively high in super glue (40.00%). Conclusion From 2019 to 2022, the detection rates of traditional occupational hazards such as benzene, trichloroethylene, and dichloroethane in the volatile organic components used in Longgang District enterprises showed a downward trend.

Objective: To investigate the use of e-cigarette and analyze its influencing factors among high school students in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into developing control measures for adolescents. Methods: From September to November 2019, high school students in Wuhan City were selected by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, and basic information, e-cigarette use and second-hand smoke exposure were collected through questionnaire surveys. Proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed, and factors affecting the current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 5 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 5 602 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.28%. The respondents included 2 925 males (52.21%) and 2 677 females (47.79%); 4 033 high school students (71.99%) and 1 569 vocational high school students (28.01%). The proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 9.23%, and the proportion of current e-cigarette use was 2.03%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified male (OR=2.112, 95%CI: 1.285-3.471), vocational high school (OR=1.967, 95%CI: 1.214-3.186), private high school (OR=9.684, 95%CI: 5.648-16.605), family second-hand smoke exposure (OR=3.064, 95%CI: 1.741-5.392), second-hand smoke exposure in public places (OR=4.402, 95%CI: 1.687-11.484) and having close friends who were smokers (OR=6.432, 95%CI: 3.219-12.852) as factors affecting current e-cigarette use among high school students. Conclusions The proportion of current e-cigarette use among high school students in Wuhan City was 2.03%. Male, vocational high school, private high school, second-hand smoke exposure and having close friends who were smokers may be promoting factors for e-cigarette use.

Objective:To explore the application value of preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)enhanced examination in the preoperative diagnosis of tumor node metastases(TNM)staging of rectal tumor.Methods:A total of 80 patients with rectal tumor admitted to Guang'an People's Hospital from June 2021 to September 2022 were selected.All patients underwent high-resolution MRI enhanced examinations before surgery and they were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination.The consistency of MRI T staging,N staging and postoperatively pathological staging results was analyzed.Results:The postoperative pathological staging results showed that 14 cases were at T1 stage,and 29 cases were at T2 stage,and 25 cases were at T3 stage,and 12 cases were at T4 stage,and 28 cases were at N0 stage,and 33 cases were at N1 stage and 19 were at N2 stage in the 80 patients.The diagnostic accuracies of T staging and N staging of high-resolution MRI routine and enhanced examinations were respectively 86.25%(69/80)and 90.00%(72/80)(Kappa=0.806,0.847,P<0.05).The consistency rate between preoperative high-resolution MRI detection and postoperative pathology for metastatic lymph nodes of 80 patients was 88.75%(71/80).The analysis found that metastatic lymph nodes mostly concentrated in the diameter range of 0.8-1.0 cm,accounting for 66.41%.With the increasing of N staging and T staging,the volume transfer constant(Ktrans)of the region of interest(ROI)of tumor increased successively.The Ktrans value of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than that of non-metastatic lymph nodes,and the difference was statistically significant(t=14.890,P<0.05).Conclusion:Preoperative high-resolution MRI routine and enhanced examination has highly consistency with postoperative pathological TN staging of rectal tumor.The improvement of high-resolution MRI enhanced examination is helpful to assess the progression of patients'tumors and to determine treatment plans for them.

Zi goose is a small local variety with high fecundity,good meat quality,roughage resist-ance,strong adaptability and excellent down quality.It is an excellent female parent for cross breeding among varieties.With the rapid development of goose industry,the variety of Zi goose has not been well protected,the variety is hybrid and degraded seriously,and the number of pure Zi goose is decreasing day by day.This paper reviewed the research progress on the breeding distribu-tion and preservation status of Zi goose and the variety characteristics of Zi goose,in order to pro-vide reference for the research,protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Zi goose and the stable development of goose industry.

Objective To investigate the changes in blood microbiota in patients with high altitude polycythemia(HAPC)and the correlation with the risk of HAPC.Methods A cross-sectional trial was carried out among 41 HAPC patients(HAPC group)and 41 healthy plateau individuals(control group)who took physical examination in the Health Management Department of No.953 Hospital of PLA Army in 2021.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA)gene in the blood smaples,and the composition and difference of the blood microbiota were compared and analyzed between the 2 groups.Results All the participants were male and Han people,and there were no significant differences in baseline data such as age,body mass index and plateau migration time between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The α-diversity of blood microbiota in the HAPC group,including the Simpson index(0.931±0.005 vs 0.907±0.008,P＜0.05),Goods Coverage index(0.998±0.001 vs 0.997±0.001,P＜0.001)and Pielou index(0.597±0.011 vs 0.567±0.009,P＜0.05)were significantly higher than those in the control group.Meanwhile,obvious difference was observed in the β diversity between the 2 groups(P＜0.01).The relative abundance analysis of bacteria showed that Pelomonas(0.046±0.004 vs 0.033±0.003,P＜0.05),Azospirillum(0.046±0.006 vs 0.021±0.003,P＜0.01),Acidovorax(0.032± 0.003 vs 0.019±0.002,Azospirillum(0.046±0.006 vs 0.021±0.003,P＜0.01)and Acidovorax(0.032± 0.003 vs 0.019±0.002,P＜0.05)were statistically higher in the HAPC group than the control group.LEfSe analysis showed that the characteristic blood microbiota of the HAPC group were α-Proteobacteria,and those of control group were Trichospiridae.Conclusion Significant changes are found in diversity,relative abundance and characteristic bacteria of the blood microbiota between the HAPC patients and healthy people at the high altitude,which might be closely associated with the occurrence and development of HAPC.

Furry animal allergens, particularly cat and dog hair and dander, are common allergens in indoor environments, affecting the health of people world widely. Key sensitizing components such as Fel d 1 from cats and Can f 1 from dogs have been extensively studied and identified by the scientific community. Component resolved diagnosis (CRD) technology in modern diagnostic methods provides an accurate way to identify and distinguish these components, which is extremely important for the prevention of furry animal allergies and the formulation of personalized treatment strategies. To enhance the understanding of furry animal component diagnosis and promote the alignment of the Chinese discipline of allergology with international standards, this article interprets and explains the content of the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0" recently released by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It focuses on the epidemiological characteristics of furry animal components, the diversity of allergen protein families, and their clinical diagnosis and management.