Zhigancao Tang （also known as Fumaitang） is a classic formula for treating "intermittent pulse and palpitations" and is widely used in clinical practice. Sanjia Fumaitang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 2018， is derived from this formula. This paper employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively investigate and summarize the historical evolution， drug composition， herb origins and preparation， prescription meanings， and ancient and modern applications of Zhigancao Tang， analyzed the composition and usage of Zhigancao Tang， and discussed the reasons and applications of the "Fumaitang" variants created by Wu Jutong. A total of 47 valid pieces of data from 38 ancient texts were included. Results showe that Zhigancao Tang originates from the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）， and the name "Fumaitang" is also recorded in the formula's description. Converted to modern measurements from the Han dynasty system， the recommended preparation for Zhigancao Tang includes 55.2 g of fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 41.4 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 27.6 g of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， 220 g of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa， 27.6 g of Asini Corii Colla， 53 g of Ophiopogonis Radix， 45 g of Cannabis Fructus， and 90 g of Jujubae Fructus. All herbs should be decocted with 1 400 mL of yellow rice wine and 1 600 mL of water until 600 mL. Once the Asini Corii Colla is fully dissolved， the decoction should be taken warm at a dosage of 200 mL， three times a day. Zhigancao Tang is effective for replenishing Qi， warming Yang， nourishing Yin， and nourishing blood and is primarily used to treat “intermittent pulse and palpitations” caused by deficiencies in heart Yin and Yang， as well as malnutrition of the heart meridian and conditions like lung atrophy. Modern applications mainly focus on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， including arrhythmias， coronary heart disease， and premature ventricular contractions. The findings from this research provide a reference for the further development of Zhigancao Tang.

Objective:To study the application of 3D printing technology in multi-center fenestrated/branched endovascular repair (F/B-EVAR) for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic diseases.Methods:From Feb 2018 to Mar 2023, The clinical and followup data of 316 cases of abdominal aortic lesions undergoing repair with F/B-EVAR at 69 medical centers nationwide using 3D printing technology to guide physician-modified stent graft were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean follow-up time of the patients was 23 months (2-60 months), and 24 cases were lost to follow up, the follow-up rate was 92.4% (292/316), the mean postoperative hospitalization time was (8.2±4.9) days. A total of 944 main abdominal branch arteries were reconstructed. Intraoperative reconstruction of 11 branches failed, with a success rate of 98.8% (933/944). Within 30 days after surgery, 8 patients died (2.5%), and 6 patients died during follow-up, a total of 14 patients died (4.4%). There were 11 cases (3.5%) of spinal cord ischemia and no patient suffered from permanent paraplegia. There were 19 patients (6.0%) with postoperative renal function injury. Internal leakage was found in 26 patients, and the rate of internal leakage was 8.2%.Conclusion:3D printing technology can accurately locate the location of branch arteries, simplifing the surgical process, shortening the learning curve , and improving clinical efficacy.

Objective:To review the risk factors for early and medium-term complications of fenestration-branch endovascular thoracic aortic repair (F/B-TEVAR) in patients with complex aortic arch disease.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 202 patients undergoing F/B-TEVAR treatment from Feb 2019 to Sep 2023 in these centers were retrospectively analyzed .Results:There were 46 cases suffering from postoperative complications (22.8%). The risk factors with statistical significance included aortic atherosclerotic plaque [ OR=2.843; 95% CI (1.4-5.6); P<0.01], aortic intramural thrombosis [ OR=2.358; 95% CI (1.2-4.6), P=0.011], the aortic dilatation [ OR=4.219; 95% CI (1.6-11.3), P<0.01], the history of stroke [ OR=2.088; 95% CI (1.1-4.1), P=0.032], smoking history [ OR=2.680; 95% CI: (1.3-5.5); P<0.01], duration of surgery [ OR=1.9; 95% CI: (1.2-2.9); P=0.042].While the application of 3D printing assistive technology [ OR=0.392; 95% CI: (0.2-0.9); P=0.048] was in a negative correlation with postoperative complication. Conclusions:The independent risk factors for complications after F/B-TVAR included aortic atherosclerotic plaque, aortic intramural thrombosis, the aortic dilatation, the history of stroke, smoking history,duration of surgery.The application of 3D printing technology can effectively reduce the complication rate.

To analyze the biological characteristics of Pasteurella multocida in bovine respiratory tract and its prevalence in large-scale cattle farms,bacterial isolation,culture,and morphological observation were conducted on the lungs and liver samples of dead cows suffering from respiratory diseases in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.The isolated strains were studied through biochemical testing,16S rRNA gene sequencing,specific primer PCR identification,capsule serotyping,pathogenicity testing,virulence gene testing,drug sensitivity testing,and drug resistance gene detection methods.The results showed that six strains of Pasteurella multocida serotype A were isolated and identi-fied from the lungs of diseased and dead cows.After sequencing the 16S rRNA sequence of the bac-teria,it was found that the six strains of Pasteurella multocida had the closest genetic relationship with the Chongqing isolate CQ2(CP033599.1).The results of mouse pathogenicity test and viru-lence gene detection showed that all isolates were pathogenic and carried at least 16 or more related virulence genes such as exbB,nanB,sodC,oma 87,etc.,but no hsf1 and toxA were detected.The results of drug sensitivity tests and resistance gene detection showed that the isolated strains were sensitive to different degrees of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,and cefotaxime.They were resistant to streptomycin,clindamycin,and lincomycin,and resistance genes of str A,strB,and tet(H)were detected.The results indicate that there is a certain correlation between the pathoge-nicity and virulence genes,drug resistance phenotype,and drug resistance genes of Pasteurellamultocida type A in cattle.It is recommended to use quinolones(such as ciprofloxacin)and cepha-losporins(such as cefotaxime)antibacterial drugs in clinical practice,which can provide scientific basis and prevention and control plans for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle farms,and lay a foundation for the epidemiological mo-nitoring of bovine respiratory multocida pasteurellosis.

Objective To observe the influence of tea pigment on myocardial contractility,electrocardiogram(ECG) and heart rate in exsomatized toads under the condition of myocardialischemia.Methods Sixty toads were divided into the normal exsomatized toad heart group(A) and myocardial ischemia toad heart(B).Then the group A was re-divided into the Ringer's solution group (A1),tea pigment low dose(200 mg/L) group(A2) and the high dose(400 mg/L) group(A3);the group B was re-divided into the pituitrin model group(B1),pituitrin + tea pigment low dose(200 mg/L) group(B2) and high dose(400 mg/L) group(B3).The BL-420S biological function experiment system was used to record the myocardial contractile force and ECG change curve of exsomatized toad.Results Compared with the group A1,the myocardial contractility in the group A3 was obviously increased(P＜0.05),the difference in the group A2 had no statistical significance(P＞0.05);the QRS peak value of ECG and heart rate had no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05);compared with the group A1,the myocardial contractility,ECG QRS peak value and heart rate in the group B1 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the group B1,the myocardial contractility,ECG QRS peak value and heart rate in the group B2 and B3 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tea pigment can obviously improve the decrease of the exsomatized toad cardiac activity caused by myocardial ischemia.

Objective To explore whether Rho kinase inhibitor protects endotoxemia mice from kidney injury,and to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 for each group): control,lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and LPS+ Y-27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor). For induction of acute kidney injury,mice were administered 30 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally. Y-27632 (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally 18 h and 1 h before injection of LPS,and an equal volume of sterile saline was administered at the corresponding time point in each group. The mice were killed 8 h after LPS administration. Blood samples and kidney tissues were taken and preserved for subsequent analysis. Results Pretreatment with Y-27632 significantly attenuated LPS-induced kidney injury;pretreatment with Y-27632 markedly reduced renal expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in endotoxemia mouse,and also significantly inhibited LPS-induced caspase-3 expression in the kidney; and Y-27632 pretreatment dramatically reduced TLR4 protein expression and NF-κBp65 phosphorylation in kidney tissues of endotoxemia mouse. Conclusion Rho kinase inhibitor may inhibit TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce the inflammatory response in the kidneys of endotoxemia mice and alleviate acute renal injury induced by LPS.

Purpose To explore three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in assessing changes of left ventricular global systolic function of viral myocarditis (VMC) child patients before and after treatment.Materials and Methods Thirty-eight VMC child patients were given related treatment and blood biochemistry test,routine ECG and 3D-STI were taken for examination before and after surgery when the index became normal and results were recorded.Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd),left ventricular endsystolic diameter (LVEDs),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),global longitudinal strain (GLS),global radial strain (GRS),global circumferential strain (GCS) and global area strain (GAS) were obtained.Results Postoperative cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were all statistically lower than those before surgery (P＜0.05).Difference of preoperative and postoperative LVEDd,LVEDs,LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF was of no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Postoperative GLS,GRS,GCS and GAS were statistically higher than those before surgery (P＜0.05).Conclusion 3D-STI can evaluate abnormal change of left ventricular myocardial function of VMC child patients.

Purpose Heart damage occurs frequently in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), and most of the patients have no obvious symptoms. In this study, three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) was used to assess the systolic function of left ventricle, for early diagnosis of cardiac function changes in patients with mild SLE. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients with clinical diagnosed mild SLE were enrolled and 40 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. All the participants underwent both conventional echocardiographic and 3D-STI examinations, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDs), interventricular septal depth (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall depth (LVPWd), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), left ventricular global circumferential strain (GCS), left ventricular global radial strain (GRS) and left ventricular global area strain (GAS) were compared between the two groups. Results The GLS, GCS, GRS and GAS of the study group were all lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on LVEDd, LVEDs, IVSd, LVPWd, LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF (P>0.05). Conclusion 3D-STI is able to make an objective evaluation of the left ventricular systolic function for patients with mild SLE, and provide help for clinical cardiac function monitoring.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the quality and clinical applicability of pyrosequencing assay kit for detecting hepatitis B virus resistance (HBV DRT).

METHODSSerial dilutions of the International Standard for HBV DNA were used to test the detection limit of the PCR for HBV DRT. Plasmids containing the either a wild-type (WT) copy or one of 10 mutant (MT) copies of the HBV RT gene were used to prepare a series of samples with various mutation ratios. To construct the linear relationship between the true mutation rate and the detected mutation rate, each sample was repeated at least 10 times. A total of 102 clinical samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and retested by the PCR for HBV DRT to determine the concordance of these two methods.

RESULTSThe lower detection limit of the PCR for HBV DRT was 50 IU/ml. Except for the RT236 MT, the correlation between the true mutation rate and the detected mutation rate for the other nine resistance-related mutation sites were excellent, with R² more than 0.98 (P less than 0.001). Among the 102 clinical samples, four were not amplified successfully by PCR. The results were significantly different between the PCR for HBV DRT method and the Sanger sequencing method (x² = 71.2, P less than 0.001), and concordance was observed for 897/969 (92.6%) amino acid positions in 98 samples. Concordant results were achieved in 46/98 (46.9%) samples at all 10 mutation sites. For detection of a single mutation site, concordance rates ranged from 71.5% to 100% at the 10 mutation sites, respectively. Analysis of discordant samples showed that in 87.5% (63/72), Sanger sequencing detected WT and the PCR for HBV DRT detected WT/MT. In 5.6% (4/72) of samples, Sanger sequencing detected WT/MT and the PCR for HBV DRT detected WT. In the remaining 6.9% (5/72) of samples, Sanger sequencing detected WT but PCR for HBV DRT detected MT.

CONCLUSIONThe PCR for HBV DRT showed high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting antiviral drug-resistant mutations. The method is superior to Sanger sequencing for detecting minor mutations and can be used for early detection of a resistance mutation.