The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and function. Brain atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits, discovering biological markers for early diagnosis, and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these techniques. Advances in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation systems. Still, the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized solutions. The article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of these techniques. The article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.

Objective To observe the consistency of 5.0T and 1.5T MR spectroscopy(MRS)for quantitating proton density fat fraction(PDFF)of liver.Methods Lipid emulsion models with lipid content of 0,5％,10％,15％,20％,25％and 30％were prepared.1H-MRS were collected using 5.0T and 1.5T MR scanners,respectively,and PDFF were obtained with jMRUI software.Totally 23 people,including 11 cases of fatty liver and 12 healthy adults were prospectively collected,and volume of interest(VOI)in the liver were selected to acquire 1H-MRS,and PDFF were obtained with jMRUI software and corresponding workstation,respectively.The consistencies of PDFF measured with different methods were analyzed.Results PDFF of lipid emulsion models with lipid content of 0,5％,10％,15％,20％,25％and 30％measured with jMRUI software and workstations based on 5.0T and 1.5T 1H-MRS all had good consistencies and being positively correlated,so were PDFF of liver tissue measured with jMRUI software and workstations based on 5.0T and 1.5T 1H-MRS.Conclusion 5.0T and 1.5T 1H-MRS had good consistency for quantitating liver PDFF.Measuring liver PDFF with workstation in clinical practice was helpful to simplifying workflow.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge of Sixth Chinese national consensus report on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection ( treatment excluded) (hereinafter referred to as sixth national consensus) and 2022 Chinese national clinical practice guideline on Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment (hereinafter referred to as the guideline)among medical staff from general hospitals in Hainan. Methods:From February 20 to May 7, 2023, a questionnaire survey on the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection was conducted among 1 463 medical staff from 15 general hospitals in Hainan Province. The questionnaire was drawn up according to the sixth national consensus and the guideline, covering knowledge of 6 sections, induding H. pylori related diseases, detection of H. pylori, eradication, prevention and influence factors of eradication of H. pylori, etc. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 1 463 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective responsive rate of 100.00%.The 1 463 subjects included 225 gastroenterologists and 1 238 other medical staff(including 503 physicians from other departments, 264 surgeons and 471 medical technologists and pharmacists). About 78.67%(177/225)of gastroenterologists agreed that the overall infection rate of H. pylori in China was more than 20%, the awareness rate was higher than that of other medical staff (physicians from other departments 65.41%(329/503), surgeons 61.74%(163/264), medical technologists and pharmacists 60.30%(284/471); the following datas were sorted by this position), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=30.97, P<0.001). About 51.11%(115/225) of gastroenterologists considered that H. pylori serological antibody test could not be used as a diagnostic method for current infection, the awareness rate was higher than that of other medical staff(22.07%(111/503), 14.02%(37/264), 12.31%(58/471)), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2 =152.66, P<0.001). Proton pump inhibitor and potassium-competitive acid blocker should be discontinued for 2 weeks, and antibiotics and bismuth should be discontinued for 4 weeks before urea breath test, and the awareness rates of gastroenterologists were higher than those of other medical staff (38.67%(87/225) vs. 23.26%(117/503), 19.70%(52/264), 18.47%(87/471); 60.89%(137/225) vs. 26.64%(134/503), 25.76%(68/264), 23.78%(112/471)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 =133.70 and 165.51, both P<0.001). For refractory H. pylori infection, 98.67%(222/225)of gastroenterologists agreed with the individualized diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection should be guided by bacterial culture, antibiotic susceptibility test or drug resistance gene test, and the awareness rate was higher than that of other medical staff (91.85%(462/503), 93.56%(247/264), 93.21%(439/471)), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=20.55, P=0.002). About 70.67% (159/225) of gastroenterologists recommended a bismuth containing quadruple regimen, 80.44% (181/225) supported a 10 to 14 day H. pylori eradication course, and the awareness rates were higher than other medical staff (46.92%(236/503), 33.33%(88/264), 32.91%(155/471); 67.20%(338/503), 59.09%(156/264), 53.93%(254/471)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=111.25 and 59.99, both P<0.001). The understanding rates of the sixth national consensus and the guideline in gastroenterologists was 85.33% (192/225), which was higher than that of other medical staff (64.21%(323/503), 66.67%(176/264), 57.96%(273/471)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=85.47, P<0.001). Conclusions:Gastroenterologists from general hospitals in Hainan Province have a better understanding of the sixth national consensus and the guideline than other medical staff. However, there is still a lack of deep understanding of the sixth national consensus and the guideline, and it is necessary to further strengthen the learning and application of the sixth national consensus and the guideline.

Objective:To compare the effect of F7.5 ureteroscope and other types of ureteroscope (F8.5, F9.0, F9.2, F9.6) in the control of intrapelvic pressure during operation.Methods:F7.5 super thin flexible ureteroscope and other 4 kinds of disposable flexible ureteroscopes (F8.5, F9.0, F9.2, F9.6) were combined with 3 kinds of ureteral guidance sheaths to form 15 endoscope-sheath combinations. The real outer diameter of each flexible ureteroscope was measured and the effective ratio of endoscope-sheath diameter was calculated. The real outer diameter of each soft mirror was measured and the effective sheath ratio was calculated. The irrigation during lithotripsy was simulated in a 3D printed kidney model, the irrigation pressure of 50-500 cmH 2O was set, and the stable intrapelvic pressure and flow rate were measured. The line chart was drawn and the relationship between intrapelvic pressure and irrigation pressure was analyzed by linear regression. The intrapelvic pressure between different endoscope-sheath combinations and different endoscope groups were compared respectively. Results:The ratio of endoscope-sheath diameter for all combinations ranges from 0.62 to 0.92, with 0.75, 0.68 and 0.62 for the F7.5 flexible ureteroscopes and F10/12, F11/13 and F12/14 sheath combinations respectively. Intrapelvic pressure and flow rate showed an approximately linear relationship with irrigation pressure in all groups. The F7.5 flexible scope with the F10/12, F11/13 and F12/14 sheaths all provided intrapelvic pressures below 40 cmH 2O. The F12/14 sheath-F7.5 scope combination produced the lowest intrapelvic pressure of 1.47 cmH 2O at 50 cmH 2O irrigation pressure and the highest flow rate of 74.24 ml/min at 500 cmH 2O irrigation pressure. When combined with the F10/12 sheath, only the F7.5 flexible scope was able to maintain a safe intrapelvic pressure of only 25.90 cmH 2O throughout. Analysis of the variability of intrapelvic pressure using the combination of instruments as the grouping variable suggested a significant overall difference( P<0.05). Analysis of the variability between groups using the different flexible scope as the grouping variable showed that the F7.5 scope group had significantly lower intrapelvic pressure compared to the other four groups( P<0.05). Conclusions:The F7.5 super thin flexible scope has the best intrapelvic pressure control of the five flexible scopes due to the significantly reduced ratio of endoscope-sheath diameter for the instrument combination and the ability to fit a thinner guide sheath while maintaining safe pelvic pressure.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the mechanism of K (lysine) acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) regulation and control on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). METHODS: The expression levels of KAT2A in PDLSCs were compared from each generation of the normal (H-PDLSCs) and periodontitis tissues (P-PDLSCs). The influences of KAT2A gene interference on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were also detected. In addition, the influences of the KAT2A gene interference to the canonical Wnt pathway and ligands were detected. The upstream and down-stream relationships between KAT2A and canonical Wnt pathway were also determined. RESULTS: The decreased expression of KAT2A in PDLSCs from the inflammatory tissue in each generation was compared with that in PDLSCs from the healthy tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). When the KAT2A gene was disrupted, the osteogenesis ability of PDLSC was declined, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The canonical Wnt pathway was activated, and the antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) was reduced. After the DKK-1 addition, the osteogenic differentiation of the disturbed PDLSCs was recovered, and KAT2A was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The KAT2A expression in PDLSCs was decreased because of perio-dontitis. The classical Wnt pathway was activated to inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of the cells.
Acetyltransferases ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; Wnt Signaling Pathway

Tongbu therapy, involving removing in reinforcing, is an important thought proposed by China’s famous TCM doctor ZHOU Le-nian in treating spleen and stomach diseases. This article discussed the significance of understanding of the pathogenesis, treating rules and methods, and specific prescribing and medication of chronic diarrhea, which will enlighten clinical doctors.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 residues in fruits and vegetables. The analytes were extracted from samples with acetonitrile, and purified by dispersion solid phase extraction using C18 and primary secondary amine (PSA) as solid phase adsorbent, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Bistrifluron and SYP9080 were analyzed with negative ion multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM), cyantraniliprole was analyzed with positive ion MRM. The matrix-induced weakening effect was observed in the analysis of cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 in several samples including cucumber, apple and onion, and the weakening extent of the matrix-induced effect depended on the sample properties. But no matrix effect was found in the analysis of bistrifluron in several samples. The interference of matrix was reduced by using the matrix-matched calibration standards curve in the analysis of cyantraniliprole and SYP9080. Bistrifluron could be quantified by an external standard of the matrix-matched calibration standards or the pure solvent calibration standards. The linear range was from 0.2 μg/L to 100 μg/L for bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 with the good correlation coefficients (r≥0.9990). The recoveries of cucumber, grape, apple and scallion added bistrifluron at 0.005-2 mg/kg were 79.8％-99.9％, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.6％-9.8％. The limits of quantification (S/N=10) were 0.210 μg/kg, 0.160 μg/kg and 0.004 μg/kg, and limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0.064 μg/kg, 0.048 μg/kg and 0.001 μg/kg for bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080, respectively.

Objective: To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) from different sources, and to provide basis for choosing a new source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering. Methods: Jaw bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JMMSCs) were isolated from orthognathic surgical sites and cultured by limited dilution for single cell clone. Long bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were obtained from bone marrow of volunteers and isolated by density gradient centrifugation method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface markers of both cells. Osteogenic ability was assessed by PCR and Western Blot after osteogenic differentiation for the following molecules: Runx2, COL-1 and OCN. Alizarin red staining was used for determining the ability of cell mineralization after osteogenic differentiation. Results : The expressions of cell surface markers CD90 and CD105 were positive in both type of cells, while CD34, CD14 and CD45 were all negative. After 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs formed significantly more mineralized nodules than BMMSCs. After 7, 14, 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs expressed more osteogenic-related molecules than BMMSCs. Conclusion The osteogenic differentiation capacity and mineralization ability of JMMSCs are significantly higher than BMMSCs. Jaw bone might be a more suitable source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering compared with long bone.

Objective:To compare acetyltransferase MORF level in periodontal ligament stem cells( PDLSCs) derived from healthy individuals ( H-PDLSCs) with those derived from the individuals with periodontitis ( P-PDLSCs ) . And to determine the effect of MORF on the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs. Methods: Human H-PDLSCs and P-PDLSCs were cultured and cloned with limited dilution method. H-PDLSCs were stimulated by LPS, TNF-α, IL-β and the mix of the 3 inflammatory factors to imitate inflammatory environment ( IP-PDLSCs ) . Quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot were applied to examine different expression of MORF in H-PDLSCs and P-PDLSCs. Western Blot was applied to detect expression of MORF in IP-PDLSCs. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot and alizarin red staining were applied to determine osteogenic differentiation potential of H-PDLSCs with MORF knock-down. Results:Quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot showed lower expression of MORF in P-PDLSCs compared with H-PDLSCs( P<0. 05). Western Blot revealed lower expression of MORF in IP-PDLSCs. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot and alizarin red stai-ning indicated osteogenic differentiation potential was inhibited in H-PDLSCs with MORF knockdown(P<0. 05). Conclusion: Peri-odontitis can suppress the expression of MORF in PDLSCs and inhibite the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs.

Aim To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning ( MPC ) on the expression of microR-NAs ( miRNAs ) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in H9c2 myocardial cells. Methods H9c2 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=4 each) as follows:control group ( CON) , hypoxia/ reoxygen-ation group ( H/R ) and morphine preconditioning group ( MPC+H/R) . The cells were cultured in nor-mal condition in CON group. The cells were subjected to 5 h hypoxia followed by 1 h reoxygenation in H/R group and MPC+H/R group. Specifically, the cells in MPC+H/R group were preconditioned with morphine with the final concentration of 1 μmol·L-1 for 10 min before H/R. After the treatment, CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and chemical colorimetry was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in the culture medium. Cell apoptosis was assessed by An-nexin-V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Relative expression of Fas protein was detected by Western blot. The ex-pression of miRNA in myocardial cells was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain re-action ( qRT-PCR ) . Results Compared with CON group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, while the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression were dramatically increased in group H/R (P<0. 01). However, MPC significantly increased the cell viability, whereas it decreased the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression induced by H/R injury ( P < 0. 01 ) . The expressions of miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7 e-5 p were markedly down-regulated by H/R as compared to CON group ( P <0. 05 ) , while MPC inhibited these miRNAs which were significantly down-regulated by H/R group ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Morphine preconditioning might protect H9 c2 myocar-dial cells against H/R injury by regulating the expres-sion of miRNAs such as miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7e-5p.