Objective To determine the content and distribution characteristics of the artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs and the natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K in wild edible fungi, and calculate the committed effective dose due to ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb in wild edible fungi. Methods Thirty samples of wild edible fungi were collected and their caps and stems were separated. A total of 60 samples were measured for ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K using a BE5030 wide-energy, low-background, high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The paired analysis of the four radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁴⁰K was performed using SPSS 11.5. Results Among the 60 samples, the detection rates and dry weight specific activity ranges of ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K were 97% and 0.62-384 Bq/kg, 73% and 6.4-159 Bq/kg, 52% and 0.7-28.8 Bq/kg, 5% and 0.43-2.18 Bq/kg and 100% and （77.4-264) × 10 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion Based on the analysis of the 60 samples, the detection rate of radionuclides is in the order of ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, and ²²⁸Ra. In terms of the specific activity, the distribution of ⁴⁰K and ²²⁶Ra in wild edible fungi in the same region is basically uniform, while the content of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs fluctuates in different samples. Although ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb can be detected in most of the wild edible fungi, the annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of wild edible fungi is negligible.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with gastric varices and gastric-renal shunt （GRS）. MethodsThe patients who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， due to liver cirrhosis and gastric varices from February to June 2023 were enrolled， and all patients were confirmed to have GRS and received endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips. The primary evaluation index was alleviation or disappearance of varicose veins after surgery， and the secondary evaluation indices were surgical completion and complications. ResultsA total of 11 patients were enrolled in this study， among whom there were 7 male patients and 4 female patients， with a median age of 55 years. Of all patients， 1 had Child class A liver function， 7 had Child class B liver function， and 3 had Child class C liver function. The maximum （median） diameter of the shunt was 8 mm， and the minimum （median） diameter of the shunt was 4 mm. The median blood flow velocity of the target vessel was 11 cm/s before treatment and 5 cm/s after occlusion with metal clips. The median amount of tissue adhesive injected was 2 mL， and the amount of lauromacrogol used was 1 mL. Disappearance of blood flow signals was observed in all patients after surgery （100%）， and the success rate of surgery was 100%. No patient experienced rebleeding after follow-up for 6 weeks. Gastroscopy at 1 month after surgery showed that gastric varices were eradicated or almost disappeared in 9 patients and were alleviated in 2 patients. ConclusionEndoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips is a feasible， safe， and effective treatment method for cirrhotic patients with gastric varices and GRS.

AIM:To investigate the ameliorative effect of nociceptin/orphanin(N/OFQ)on anxiety-like be-havior in nicotine(NIC)withdrawal-induced rats and its regulatory mechanisms on the expression of neurotransmitters as-sociated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and inflammatory factors.METHODS:Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,NIC withdrawal model group,low-dose N/OFQ treatment group,and high-dose N/OFQ treatment group,with 8 rats in each group.To establish NIC with-drawal model,the rats in the NIC model and N/OFQ treatment groups were subcutaneously injected with NIC(0.4 mg/kg),twice a day for 7 consecutive days followed by 3 days of withdrawal.During the withdrawal period,the rats in the low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups received intracerebroventricular injection of N/OFQ(1 nmol or 10 nmol)once per day for 3 consecutive days.Ten minutes after the third administration,all rats underwent open filed(OF)and elevated plus maze(EPM)tests to detect behavioral changes.The serum concentrations of corticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),corticosterone(CORT),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 were measured by ELISA.The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the central nu-cleus of the amygdala(CeA)of the brain were detected by RT-qPCR.Histological changes in neuron morphology in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed under a light microscope following hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Norepinephrine(NE)levels in the CeA of the brain were determined by HPLC.The protein expression of tyrosine hydroxy-lase(TH)in the CeA of the brain was detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with the NIC withdrawal model group,rats in the low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups showed significant increase in the distance and time spent in the central area of the open field(P<0.05 or P<0.01),as well as significant increase in the number of entries and the per-centage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,both low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups significantly inhibited serum concentrations of CRH,ACTH and CORT in NIC withdrawal rats(P<0.01).N/OFQ administration also significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the serum,as well as expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the CeA(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The treatment with N/OFQ at both doses significantly alleviated neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and markedly re-duced thelevels of NE and TH protein expression in the CeA of NIC withdrawal rats(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:N/OFQ alleviates anxiety-like behavior in NIC withdrawal rats through mechanisms related to the regulation of HPA axis hormone levels and inflammatory factors.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Sauchinone(Sch)on renal tissue fibrosis and to explore its mechanism in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mice.Methods Forty male ICR mice were divided into Sham,UUO-Model,Sch Low-dose,Sch High-dose,and positive control(Val)groups.Mice in the sham group underwent isolation of the left renal ureter without ligation,and mice in the UUO-Model group underwent stripping of the left proximal ureter for double ligation.Starting on day 2 after surgery,the Sch Low-dose group received 10 mg/kg Sch,the Sch High-dose group received 30 mg/kg Sch,and the Val group received 100 mg/kg valsartan by gavage once daily for 4 weeks.At the end of drug administration,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-6 were measured.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)content were detected in renal tissues.TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were detected in renal tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Pathological changes and collagen deposition,as well as transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,Smad3,and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)protein expression in mouse renal tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining,and immunohistochemistry.Collagen Ⅰ,CTGF,Smad3,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and nuclear factor(NF)-κB protein expression in renal tissues were detected by Western Blot.Results SCr,BUN,TNF-α,and IL-6 were all significantly reduced in Sch Low-dose and Sch High-dose mice compared with the UUO-Model group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while SOD activity was significantly higher and MDA and ROS levels were significantly lower in renal tissues(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in renal tissues were significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Microscopic observation of swollen renal tubules with thylakoid hyperplasia and collagen fiber deposition was significantly improved.Immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction in TGF-β1,Smad3,and CTGF protein expression in renal tissues,and Western Blot showed significantly reduced levels of Collagen Ⅰ,CTGF,Smad3,and NF-κB protein expression(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression levels were significantly elevated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions The amelioration of renal tissue fibrosis by sauchinone may be mediated via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects that modulate the expression of pro-fibrotic proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

In the earliest days,the idea that surviving a single infection often resulted in lifelong immunity to the infecting pathogen was recorded and then led to the discovery of vaccination.We have now confirmed that such protection is primarily based on the generation of immunological memory in antibody response.With the wide implementation of more and more vaccines around the world,it is well documented that different vaccines have different potential regarding to the duration of antibody response.In clinical observations,live-attenuated vaccines often elicit long-term immunity but are also accompanied with risks in safety that are hard to avoid.In order to develop novel vaccines with both excellent potential in eliciting antibody memory and low safety risk,it is critical to further investigate the mechanism of antibody memory in the perspective of immunology.Antibody memory is mediated by certain long-lived B cells:long-lived plasma cell can secret antibody to maintain serum antibody titer while memory B cell contributes to the rapid immune response during the secondary encounter of pathogens.Cellular and molecular processes that drive the production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells are subjects of intensive research and have important implications for global health.Several factors in the vaccine would indeed affect and regulate these processes,including the antigen valency,vaccine kinetics and the signal integration of both antigen and danger molecules.Many studies have focused on strategies to manipulate these factors to improve or develop new vaccines.Here,we will summarize our current knowledge on how the component in vaccines will affect their potential in generating and sustaining antibody memory,and also point out the challenges we face in the route of developing a"perfect"vaccine.

Objective:To explore the teaching effect of the combined use of curriculum ideological and political education and CDIO (connective, design, implement, operate) mode in the cultivation of stomatological top-notch innovative personnel.Methods:The research subjects were undergraduate students from School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, who participated in stomatological top-notch innovative personnel training program in 2018 and 2019. CDIO was applied to control group, the combined use of curriculum ideological and political education and CDIO mode was applied to experimental group. After the training, the students' research and innovation capacity was examined and the teaching efficiency of these two models was reflected by the students' questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 software was used for t test. Results:In terms of research and innovation capacity, students scored significantly better in professional English, concluding report, papers publishing, and field defense in experimental group than in control group [(22.43±0.61) vs. (18.49±0.77), (22.48±0.32) vs. (19.05±0.53), (23.69±0.33) vs. (21.89±0.52), and (22.78±0.48) vs. (20.43±0.56), respectively, P<0.05]. The students in experimental group highly agreed with the teaching efficiency of the combined use of curriculum ideological and political education and CDIO mode. Conclusion:The combined use of curriculum ideological and political education and CDIO mode could enhance subjective initiative, sense of identity, sense of pride, sense of belonging, cultivation of multi-dimensional ability, thus helping to form a novel system of stomatological top-notch innovative personnel training.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs13278062 (TNFRSF10A), rs3750846 (ARMS2-HTRA1), rs429358 (APOE), rs5817082 (CEPT), rs2043085 (LIPC), rs1626340 (TGFBR1), and rs8135665 (SLC16A8) identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among ethnic Han Chinese from Sichuan, China. METHODS: A cohort of 576 AMD patients and 572 healthy controls were enrolled in a case-control study. The SNPs were genotyped by a Mass array MALDI-TOF System. On the premise that the genotype distribution of each SNP locus in both groups satisfied Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genetic pattern was analyzed and the scores of allele and genotype frequencies ware compared. RESULTS: There was a significant association between TNFRSF10A rs13278062 and AMD under the heterozygous model (P = 0.000, OR = 1.529, 95%CI = 1.196-1.954) and the dominant model (P = 0.002, OR = 1.459, 95%CI = 1.154-1.865), suggesting that subjects carrying rs13278062GT and rs13278062TT + GT are more likely to develop the AMD, whereas no significant difference was observed for rs13278062 under other models. No association was detected with the other six SNPs and AMD under various genetic models. CONCLUSION This case-control association study has indicated that TNFRSF10A rs13278062 is associated with AMD under the heterozygous and dominant models, suggesting that the TNFRSF10A variant may be involved in the development of AMD among ethnic Han Chinese population.
Case-Control Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1/genetics* ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

【Objective】 To determine the reference range of thromboelastogram(TEG) and establish a TEG feature for local population by measuring TEG parameters in healthy adults in Shenzhen comparing the difference between gender and age, and analyzing the reference data provided by reagent manufacturer. 【Methods】 A total of 916 healthy adults, aged between 19 to 59, who did their regular health checks in our hospital from September 2020 to August 2021 were selected. The TEG(from Lepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) was performed, and the clot reaction time(R), clot formation time(K), coagulation angle(α-Angle), maximum amplitude(MA), coagulation index(CI), fibrinolysis index LY30 and the estimated percent lysis (EPL) were analyzed. 【Results】 The reference ranges of TEG parameters, including R, K, α-Angle, MA, CI, LY30 and EPL, of 916 healthy adults from Shenzhen were 3.25~8.19 min, 0.66~3.18min, 47.70~76.56deg, 50.05~72.91mm, -4.3~3.4, 0~2.2% and 0~3%, respectively. The value of α-Angle, CI, K, LY30, MA and R didn’t all meet the given range provided by the manufacturer; some were exceeding and some inferior to. A total of 227 out of 916 individuals presented abnormal results, relative to the references, in at least one parameter, and 78 were diagnosed of abnormal coagulation based on the given reference range, with a specificity of 75.2%. 【Conclusion】 The reference range of TEG parameters of Shenzhen locals is significantly different from that provided by manufacturers. And it is imperative for local TEG laboratories to establish their own reference ranges according to age and gender groups based on local population characteristics.

Objective To investigate the rebleeding rate after endoscopic selective variceal devascularization (ESVD) and the predictive factors for rebleeding in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods The patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and EVB who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2010 to December 2019 and underwent ESVD for the first time were enrolled, and a total of 442 patients were screened out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Routine clinical indices, laboratory markers, imaging findings, and endoscopic findings were compared between patients, and the patients were followed up to observe rebleeding. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe rebleeding and survival status, and a Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for variceal rebleeding. Results The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative rebleeding rates after first ESVD treatment were 25.11%, 33.94%, 39.82%, 42.08%, and 45.02%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that age, systolic pressure, duration of antiviral therapy ≥1 year, ascites, white blood cell count, neutrophil, and direct bilirubin were associated with rebleeding (all P < 0.05), and the multivariate analysis showed that duration of antiviral therapy ≥1 year (hazard ratio [ HR ]=0.504, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.357-0.711, P < 0.001) and ascites ( HR =1.424, 95% CI : 1.184-1.714, P < 0.001) were independent influencing factors for variceal rebleeding. Conclusion ESVD has a low rebleeding rate in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis with EVB, and presence of ascites and a short duration of antiviral therapy are independent risk factors for rebleeding after treatment.

Objective: To explore the relationship among grit, self-identity and self-esteem and the mediating role of self-identity between grit and self-esteemin middle school students, so as to provide evidence for the study of grit of middle school students. Methods: In March 2019,1 476 middle school students were selected from two ordinary middle schools in a county of Fujian Province. 12-Ttem Grit-scale, Selt-identity Scale and Selt-esteem Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Results: Relevant analysis showed that perseverance of efforts, consistency of interests were positively correlated with self-identity (r=0.40, 0.31,P<0.01) and self-esteem (r=0.46, 0.18, P<0.01). Self-identity and self-esteem were positively correlated (r=0.67,P<0.01).The results of the mediation test showed that self-identity partially mediates the relationship between perseverance of efforts and self-esteem,mediation effect accounted for 50.38% of the total effect.Self-identity fullymediatesthe relationshipbetween consistency of interests and self-esteem. Conclusion The self-identity of middle school students partially mediates the relationship between perseverance of efforts and self-esteem, and completely mediates the relationship between consistency of interests and self-esteem.