Objective To investigate the HIV-1 genotype and distribution of newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases in Fujian Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into formulation of the precise AIDS control strategy in the province. Methods Newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases without antiretroviral therapy (excluding AIDS patients) were randomly sampled from each city of Fujian Province in 2020 at a proportion of 50% of the mean number of HIV-infected cases reported across 9 cities of Fujian Province during the past three years. Subjects’ demographic and epidemiological data were collected and blood samples were collected. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified using nested reverse-transcription PCR assay, and the gene sequences were used for HIV-1 genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. The gene sequences were uploaded to the HIV Drug Resistance Database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu) for genotypic drug resistance assays, and the scores and level of HIV drug resistance were estimated using the HIVDB Algorithm version 9.5. Results A total of 1 043 newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases were reported in Fujian Province in 2020, and 936 gene sequences were successfully obtained following sequencing of blood samples. There were 9 HIV-1 genotypes characterized in blood samples from 936 newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases, with CRF07_BC (52.1%) and CRF01_AE (30.4%) as predominant subtypes, followed by CRF08_BC (4.9%), CRF55_01B (3.0%), subtype C (2.5%), subtype B (2.1%), CRF85_BC (1.7%), CRF59_01B (0.3%) and CRF65_CPX (0.1%), and unidentified subtypes were found in 26 blood samples. HIV-1 drug resistance was detected in 43 out of the 936 newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases, with 4.6% prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance prior to therapy, and the highest drug resistance was found in the HIV CRF59_01B subtype, followed by in CRF08_BC, B, C, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and other subtypes, with a significant difference in the genotype-specific prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance (χ² = 45.002, P < 0.05). Conclusions There was a HIV-1 genotype diversity in Fujian Province in 2020, and emerging recombinant and drug-resistant HIV-1 strains were detected and spread across patients and regions. Monitoring of HIV-1 genotypes is recommended to be reinforced for timely understanding of the transmission and spread of novel recombinant and drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.

Depressive disorder ranks as a major bur-den of disease worldwide,yet the current antidepressant medications are limited by frequent non-responsiveness and significant side effects.The lateral septum(LS)is thought to control of depression,however,the cellular and circuit substrates are largely unknown.Here,we identified a subpopulation of LS GABAergic adenosine A2A receptors(A2AR)-positive neurons mediating depres-sive symptoms via direct projects to the lateral habenula(LHb)and the dorsomedial hypothalamus(DMH).Activa-tion of A2AR in the LS augmented the spiking frequency of A2AR-positive neurons leading to a decreased activation of surrounding neurons and the bi-directional manipula-tion of LS-A2AR activity demonstrated that LS-A2ARs are necessary and sufficient to trigger depressive pheno-types.Thus,the optogenetic modulation(stimulation or inhibition)of LS-A2AR-positive neuronal activity or LS-A2AR-positive neurons projection terminals to the LHb or DMH,phenocopied depressive behaviors.Moreover,A2AR are upregulated in the LS in two male mouse mod-els of repeated stress-induced depression.This identifica-tion that aberrantly increased A2AR signaling in the LS is a critical upstream regulator of repeated stress-induced depressive-like behaviors provides a neurophysiological and circuit-based justification of the antidepressant poten-tial of A2AR antagonists,prompting their clinical transla-tion.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of reconstructing the calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular ligaments with the autologous semitendinosus for chronic bifurcate ligament injury.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 12 patients with chronic bifurcate ligament injury who had been treated by anatomical reconstruction with the autologous semitendinosus from March 2018 to January 2021 at Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan. There were 4 males and 8 females with an age of (41.4±9.6) years. Seven left and 5 right feet were affected; the time from injury to surgery was (9.3±4.3) months. The surgical efficacy was evaluated based on anteroposterior and lateral imaging assessments of foot weight-bearing at 6 months postoperation, comparison of the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores for foot weight-bearing walking and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scores between preoperation and the last follow-up, stress test for stability of the transverse tarsal joint, recovery of movement, and occurrence of complications.Results:All patients were followed up for (18.4±4.0) months. Their sports activities were completely resumed after postoperative (6.8±3.9) months. Primary wound healing was achieved in all patients. One patient suffered from cutaneous nerve lesion and skin numbness, the symptoms of which disappeared after conservative treatment. Double harmonic curves were observed on the anteroposterior and lateral imaging films of foot weight-bearing in all patients. The spaces in the calcaneocuboid and the calcaneonavicular joints were normal, the articular positions were matched, and the calcaneocuboid joint was stable without recurrence or worsening of displacement. The VAS decreased significantly from preoperative 6.5 (5.6, 7.0) to 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) at the last follow-up, and the AOFAS mid-foot score increased significantly from preoperative (55.6±8.8) points to (92.3±2.6) points at the last follow-up ( P<0.05). The stress test for the stability of the transverse tarsal joint showed joint stability. Conclusion:Reconstruction of the calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular ligaments using the autologous semitendinosus is an alternative treatment for patients with chronic bifurcate ligament injury, because it can restore the stability of the bifurcate ligament and obviously improve the foot and ankle functions with limited postoperative complications.

Flavaspidic acid AB is a bicyclic phloroglucinol derivative with various biological activities in Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. The structure of flavaspidic acid AB was analyzed by inverse synthesis techniques, and its synthesis was designed under the principle of association. Using phloroglucinol as raw material, the 2-methyl-4-butyrylphloroglucinol was synthesized by Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, reduction and acylation, and the flavaspidic acid fragment was synthesized by acylation, alkylation and deacylation, after which N, N-dimethylmethyleneammonium iodide was activated and the flavaspidic acid AB was obtained. The structures of intermediates and flavaspidic acid AB were confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and the yield of the target product reached 14.7%. Results indicate that the designed synthetic route of flavaspidic acid AB is simple and easy.

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing and scar repair reaction after liver injury, and is a common pathway for various chronic liver diseases. Activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells are the key links in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating the activation, proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Thus, probing its mechanism of action will provide a new strategy for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the treatment of the complications of puncture lapsus after the percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic fractures.Methods From December 2011 to November 2014,3 female patients with postoperative complications of PVP which were treated for osteoporotic fractures,aged from 71 to 82 years (average,78 years old) were involved.Each of them performed a revision surgery in our hospital.One of them was performed with PVP of the 12th thoracic vertebral due to the osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fracture.However,bone cement was leaked into spinal canal after PVP,and the patient suffered from left abdominal constriction and impaired of sensation in left inguinal region.She underwent anterior approach of decompression,cement removal and internal fixation one year after the first operation.The second case was performed with PVP of the 1st lumbar vertebral due to the osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fracture.In this case,bone cement was leaked into spinal canal after PVP,and the patient suffered from abdominal and lower extremity pain,paralysis,and hypoesthesia of lower limbs.This patient was treated with posterior approach of decompression,cement removal and internal fixation.The third case was performed with the 12th thoracic vertebral PVP due to the osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fracture.Subdural hemorrhage happened after PVP,and the patient suffered from paralysis and sensory loss of the two lower limbs.This patient was treated with posterior approach of laminotomy,hemostasis in the spinal canal and evacuation of hematoma.We performed a follow up from 21 to 29 months (average,24.7 months),to observe the recovery of the patients.Results one case' s abdominal constriction eliminated and the inguinal region pain improved after the revision surgery,and there's no internal fixation loosening with the follow-up of 21 months.The other case's abdominal and lower limb pain relieved,the lower limb muscle strength recovered to grade 4,and the tactile of lower limb recovered to normal after the revision surgery.There' s no internal fixation loosening with the follow-up of 29 months.One case of patients with slightly recovered of lower extremity muscle strength and feeling after surgery,and remained lower limb pain,died two years after the surgery.Conclusion Complications of spinal cord compression after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic fractures can get good outcomes by using appropriate revision surgeries,although revision surgery is difficult and risky.

BACKGROUND:Human and rat ovarian granulosa cels in dominant folicles have the phenomenon of expressing stem cel characteristics. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of stem cel-related factors in rat ovarian granulosa cels. METHODS: After the paraffin sections of rat ovarian tissue, immunohistochemical method was used to detect CD34, CD133, ABCG2/Bcrp1, Pou5f1/Oct-4 expressions. Granulosa cels culturedin vitro were harvested by folicular puncture method, and then the immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of FSHR receptor in order to identify the purity of granule cels. In the cultured granulosa cels, CD44 and C-Kit expressions were detected immunohistochemicaly, RT-PCR was used to detect ABCG2/Bcrp1, Pou5f1/Oct-4, Nanog gene expressions in ovarian tissue and granulosa cels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemistry detection on paraffin sections showed that a part of ovarian granulosa cels expressed CD34, CD133, ABCG2/Bcrp1 and Pou5f1/Oct-4, and the expression of Pou5f1/Oct-4 protein gradualy increased in the development of ovarian folicles, significantly enhanced during the luteal phase, and then disappeared after the formation of corpus albicans, displaying a periodic expression characteristics. FSHR receptor positive identification rate of primary cels harvested by the foliclar puncture method was more than 95%. Granulosa cels culturedin vitrowere mainly long spindle-shaped or diamond, and some cels presented with aggregation growth and expressed CD44 and C-Kit. RT-PCR test results showed that there were no Nanog in the ovarian tissue and cultured granulosa cels, low expression of Pou5f1/Oct-4 in the ovarian tissue, strong expression of ABCG2/Bcrp1 in the ovarian tissue, weak expression of Pou5f1/Oct-4 in the cultured granulosa cels, and strong expression of ABCG2/Bcrp1 in the cultured granulosa cels. These findings suggest that a part of granulosa cels in the rat ovarian have the characteristics of stem cels.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and side effects of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods From May 2008 to May 2009,78 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer in our hos-pital were randomly divided into PF group (39 cases) and Taxol group (39 cases). Patients from PF group were treated with cisplatin com-bined 5-Fu while patients in Taxol group were cured with paclitaxel combined with cisplatin. After chemotherapy,all patients were given anes-thesia extensive hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. The clinical efficacy,side effects and three-year survival of 2 groups were as-sessed and compared. Results The main adverse reactions of PF group were gastrointestinal reactions,oral mucositis and bone marrow sup-pression;the major side effects of Taxol group were bone marrow suppression,oral mucositis and renal toxicity. After chemotherapy,the com-plete remission rate of Taxol group reached 30. 77%,which was higher than that of PF group 10. 26% (χ2 =5. 032,P=0. 025). The average survival time of PF group and Taxol group were 33. 5 months and 34. 7 months,the three-year survival were 59. 6% and 70. 2%,respectively (χ2 =1. 859,P=0. 173),and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The adverse effects of different chemotherapy were observed in 2 groups. The clinical efficacy of Taxol group were better than that of PF group.

In this study, the relationship between mycelium morphology and laccase production was studied. The results indicated that the morphology of P. ferulae pellets was changed when glass beads were added. Laccase production showed higher with spherical mycelium than with filamentous or flocculent mycelium. In addition, the spherical mycelium with a diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm highly affected laccase production. Effect of the composition of culture medium on pellets was investigated and results indicated that various concentrations of glucose, corn meal and wheat bran were important to the formation of pellets in diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm. Besides nutrients, the addition of non-nutritional substrates influenced the distribution of P. ferulae pellets. However, the production of laccase was not promoted by non-nutritional substrates.
Culture Media ; Fermentation ; Glass ; chemistry ; Industrial Microbiology ; Laccase ; biosynthesis ; Mycelium ; cytology ; growth & development ; Pleurotus ; cytology ; enzymology

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of HPV among gynecology clinical cases and provide scientific support for control and prevention of squamous cell carcinoma .Methods Clinical cases with symptom of increased vaginal secretions and obscure vaginal bleeding and cases diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma or vaginitis and cervicitis were collected as ob-jectives for HPV testing .Samples were collected by maternity doctors for HPV DNA testing by using the reverse hybrid membrane technology gene chip .All data were analyzed by chi-square test and trend analysis(Z) method .Results 24 .64% of the 4 347 cases were positive for 23 kinds of HPV subtypes .Of the 23 subtypes ,the leading four detection rates were 16th ,43th ,58th and 52th sub-types ,which were 8 .10% (352/4 347) ,3 .93% ,3 .52% and 3 .31% respectively ,and shown significant higher than that of the other 19 subtypes .The detection rates of 6th ,11th ,18th ,33th and 56th subtypes were between 1% to 3% ,whereas the rates of other 14 subtypes were lower than 1% .The detection rates of all the age groups were between 16 .00% ~36 .72% ,and rose with the age in-creasing(Z=3 .32 ,P<0 .01) .The detection rate was the highest in symptoms of increased vaginal secretions and obscure vaginal bleeding ,accounted for 30 .76% (334/1 086) ,secondly in those of increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and men-strual were between 20 .68% and 25 .59% .All the 80 cervical squamous cell carcinoma cases were detected HPV ,97 .5% (20/80)of them were high-risk HPV type .The single infection was the most common infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma cases ,Ac-counted for 75 .5% (60/80)of the total ,and 25% (20/80)of them were multiple infections with 2 to subtypes ,and 70% (56/80) of them were infected with 16th subtypes ,and only2 .5% of them were low-risk type(2/80) .The detection rate of inflammatory disea-ses was 4 .75% (958/3 871) ,and the detection rates were higher in cases of cervicitis and vaginitis and cervicitis complications (be-tween 23 .03% to 28 .38% ) than that of vulvitis (16 .81% )(χ2 >3 .83/6 .63 ,P< 0 .05/0 .01) .Conclusion The detection rate of 16th subtypes HPV was the highest for gynecology clinical cases ,secondly were the 43th ,58th and 52th subtypes .The detection rate of HPV was the highest in symptoms of increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and vaginitis .The detection rate rose with the age increasing .It was concluded that elderly cases with increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and vagi-nitis were the biggest targets for control and prevention of HPV and cervical squamous cell carcinoma .