Objective This paper investigates the effect of a multi-physical field fusion intervention based on transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and music on mental fatigue.Methods After fatigue induction,10 subjects received blank group stimulation,music group stimulation and tDCS-TMS-Music stimulation,respectively.tDCS stimulation sites were located in the bilateral frontal regions of the subjects,and TMS stimulation sites were located in the bilateral occipital regions of the hindbrain.Heart rate variability and reaction performance were measured before and after each intervention to determine the elimination effect of different intervention programs on mental fatigue.Results Compared with the control group,the tDCS-TMS-Music group showed significantly greater improvements in subjective mental workload,response performance,and heart rate variability.Conclusion The results of this study support that tDCS-TMS-Music can effectively alleviate mental fatigue induced by long-term cognitive performance tasks,and the intervention effect is better than music intervention and resting-state relief at the same time.

Lung inflammation is an essential inducer of various diseases and is closely related to pulmonary-endothelium dysfunction. Herein, we propose a pulmonary endothelium-targeted codelivery system of anti-inflammatory indomethacin (IND) and antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) by assembling the biopharmaceutical SOD onto the "vector" of rod-like pure IND crystals, followed by coating with anti-ICAM-1 antibody (Ab) for targeting endothelial cells. The codelivery system has a 237 nm diameter in length and extremely high drug loading of 39% IND and 2.3% SOD. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies demonstrate the extended blood circulation and the strong pulmonary accumulation of the system after intravenous injection in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory murine model. Particularly, the system allows a robust capacity to target pulmonary endothelium mostly due to the rod-shape and Ab coating effect. In vitro, the preparation shows the synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-activated endothelial cells. In vivo, the preparation exhibits superior pharmacodynamic efficacy revealed by significantly downregulating the inflammatory/oxidative stress markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the lungs. In conclusion, the codelivery system based on rod-like pure crystals could well target the pulmonary endothelium and effectively alleviate lung inflammation. The study offers a promising approach to combat pulmonary endothelium-associated diseases.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of type-B aortic dissection by using morphological analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, so as to provide evidence for the effective prediction of type-B aortic dissection. Methods Six primary type-B dissection cases scanned by CT (dissection group) and six normal cases applied to black-blood MRI (control group) were included in this study and patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) models of aorta were established through image segmentation and 3D reconstruction. The pre-type-B dissection aortas were constructed by applying the scaling algorithm to shrink the dissection and then compared with subjects in control group. The differences between morphological parameters and hemodynamic parameters of the two groups were compared. Results Compared with the normal cases, the area of the descending aorta increased dramatically in dissection group ［(892.03±263.78) mm2 vs (523.67±64.10) mm2, P=0.036］. A significant decrease in angle of the left subclavian artery occurred (66.62°±20.11° vs 100.40°±15.35°, P=0.036). The tortuosity of the aorta also had an obvious increase (0.37°±0.07° vs 0.21°±0.51°, P=0.011). The time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) in dissection group was obviously higher than that in control group; the flow in the dissection region was vortex flow at low speed and the oscillating shear index (OSI) was higher. Conclusions The results of this study can be used to provide guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment of type-B aortic dissection.

Objective:To reconstruct and repair forearm and foot injuries with soft tissue defect using medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAP), and to evaluate the curative effects.Method:From May, 2015 to September, 2017, 13 patients (9 males and 4 females) with soft tissue defect on forearm and foot underwent MSAP reconstruction operations. The age was ranged from 19 to 57 (mean 41) years. Six wounds located in forearms and 7 in foot. Ipsilater- al shank was used as donor for the repair of foot. The donor sites were directly sutured. The area of flaps was ranged from 3.0 cm×4.0 cm-7.0 cm×15.0 cm. All cases were followed-up for flap appearance, sensation and donor healing by visit of clinic and WeChat reviews.Results:All 13 flaps survived well without any vascular crisis nor necrosis. Postoperative superficial infections were found in 3 cases, and the wound healed gradually after daily dress changing and anti-infection treatment. Eleven patients were followed-up for 4 to 18 months (average 12 months). Two provincial patients lost to follow-up. No obvious disfunction was found from the donor shanks. The appearance and texture of flaps were in excellent condition and satisfactory. The sensation of 7 flaps was recovered to S 2-S 3. TPD was 6-9 mm. Conclusion:The free MSAP is rational therapeutic strategy for repairing the soft tissue defect of forearm and foot. It has advantages of long vascular pedicle, constant perforation and relatively thin subcutaneous fat.

Objective To investigate the potential roles of nucleotide -binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor in the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods Through rat asthma model,24 rats were randomly divided into three groups on average,named asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group.Expression levels of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA were detected by Real -time PCR in lung tissues.Results The expression levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.62 ±0.34)RQ value,(1 .00 ± 0.00)RQ value,(0.65 ±0.33 )RQ value respectively.The levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group(F =4.75,P <0.05 ),while there was no statistically significant difference of NOD1 mRNA level between the dexamethasone group and asthma group(P >0.05).Moreover,expression levels of NOD2 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.92 ±0.32)RQ value, (1 .00 ±0.00)RQ value,(1 .50 ±0.56)RQ value,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference of NOD2 mRNA level between the asthma group and control group (P >0.05 ),but level of NOD2 mRNA in the dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in the asthma group(F =5.64,P <0.01 ).And there was no significant correlation between level of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA(r =0.1 5,P >0.05).Conclusion Expression of NOD -like receptor subtype was not at the same level,and their reaction to dexamethasone were different either.

BACKGROUND:Genetic factors, environment, chronic infection, and autoimmune disorders are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ethnic and regional diversity of differentialy expressed genes has become research hotspot because of family aggregation and ethnic diversity of ankylosing spondylitis.
OBJECTIVE:To screen differentialy expressed genes in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis by microarray screening and compare differences in gene expressions.
METHODS: Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis in department of rheumatology of our hospital were randomly colected with five patients for each. In addition, three healthy volunteers were selected as controls. RNA from peripheral blood was extracted and used for microarray hybridization after probe preparation to screen differentialy expressed genes in ankylosing spondylitis samples and the microarray results were verified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty differentialy expressed miRNAs were screened in Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05). From relationship analysis of target genes and miRNAs, 15 target genes corresponding to the 79 miRNAs involved in human leucocyte antigens and interleukins which linked to human immunity system were found. These findings suggest that differentialy expressed genes can be screened from Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective To investigate possible role of 14 -3 -3 in the pathogenesis of asthma inflammation, the expression of 14 -3 -3 protein was observed in lung tissues of asthmatic rats.Methods Expressions of 14 -3 -3 protein was determined by immunohistochemisty method in lung tissues,and the relationship between 14 -3 -3 and asthma inflammation was analyzed.Results The location of positive expression of 14 -3 -3 protein was mainly at cytoplasm,while little at plasmalemma.The positive expression cell mostly was bronchial epithelial cell,others were lymphocytes,alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelial cells.On the other hand,the bronchial smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle were negative expressed.Moreover,the expression level of 14 -3 -3 protein in asthma group [(0.353 ±0.023)absorbance]was significantly higher than that in the control group[(0.211 ±0.028 )absorbance] (t =10.969,P <0.01).Conclusion The results showed that the 14 -3 -3 protein was overexpressed in asthmatic lung tissue,it may play an important role in asthma inflammation through bronchial epithelial cells,lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelial cell.

BACKGROUND:Whether there is a necessary connection or internal patterns between the amount of bone cement-recovery of vertebral height-clinical efficacy has no evidence-based medicine findings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures using percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of vertebral height in the elderly with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
METHODS:A total of 110 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (139 vertebrae) were admitted at the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2011 to December 2012. Al the patients received percutaneous vertebroplasty by the same group of surgeons. Bone cement at drawing stage was injected into the fractured vertebra. During the 12-month folow-up, visual analogue scale, Barthel index and vertebral height restoration were observed as evaluation indexes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surgical treatment was done successfuly in the 110 patients (139 vertebrae). The amount of bone cement per vertebra was 3-6 mL, with a mean of 3.5 mL. At 12 months after surgery, the visual analog scale scores were decreased from 7.9 to 1.8, Barthel index was increased from 40.25 to 82.21, both of which were improved significantly (P < 0.05). After surgery, the vertebral heights at the anterior and middle parts were increased by (81.25±9.26)% and (78.22±10.65)%, respectively, and there was significant differences before ant at 24 hours, 3 months and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). During the folow-up, there were five vertebrae with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms occurred, and no nerve injury or pulmonary embolism happened. These findings indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection can effectively relieve pain, restore the vertebral height, reduce the incidence of complications and shorten the recovery time in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic changes of the lung epithelial tumor with epithelioid granuloma. Methods E-leven cases of lung malignant tumor with epithelial epithelioid granuloma reaction were studied according to the histological changes of lung epithelial tumor, immunophenotype, acid-fast staining, and tuberculosis PCR test results combined with follow-up data. Results The mean age was 62. 3 years, and male to female ratio was 10∶ 1. The main clinical manifestations displayed a cough, chest pain, fever and hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Nine cases were malignant tumors, tuberculosis or inflammatory lesions was 1 case each in pre-vious surgery. The tumor with epithelioid granuloma formation of the 11 cases displayed in the same site ( mixed) . The histopathologic changes of the lesions showed a epithelioid or typical tuberculous granulomas formation, including 4 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of neuroendocrine tumors. The acid-fast bacilli staining was positive in 3 cases;6 cases were positive for PCR detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 5 patients died within 2 years due to various causes. Conclusions The lung epithelial tumors with epithelioid granuloma is more commonly found in the middle-aged, The signs and symptoms of the patients are similar to primary epithelial malignant tumors of the lung . The biological behavior was progressive with poor prognosis. The diagnosis of the lesions depends on pathological examination. It is very important to pay more attention to the pathological examination, especially in lung puncture samples, and the differential diagnosis for a definate diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of different functional levels of autism and the diffe-rence in children. Methods A total of 159 autistic children aged 13-71 months including 85 high-functioning autistic (HFA) chil-dren and 74 low-functioning autistic (LFA) children were evaluated for their developmental characteristics by the development scales from the psycho-educational profile-revised (PEP-R). Results Within the same age group, both HFA and LFA children had obvious unbalance in individual ability development (H=41.68~113.51, P<0.01). Impaired cognitive performance is most common in HFA children. The development of cognitive performance was inconsistent with cognitive expression while the gross motor development was normal. The ability development in LFA children were all impaired, especially in imitation, cogni-tive performance and cognitive expression. With increasing age, the scores of imitation, perception, cognitive performance, cog-nitive expression and overall development quotient were increased gradually in HFA children (P<0.05) while the scores of cogni-tive performance and overall development quotient were decreased in LFA children. Conclusions Autistic children tend to have abnormal developmental progress and order, and individual ability development varies by functional level in autistic children with increasing age.