Objective To clarify the effects of 5G mobile phone radiofrequency radiation exposure on male mouse fertility and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Healthy male C57BL/6 mice aged 7-8 weeks were randomly assigned to Sham group, 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation group, and 4.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation group, with 16 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 3.5 GHz or 4.9 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for 42 consecutive days (1 h per day). The sperm quality was evaluated using sperm count, deformity rate, and motility. H&E staining was performed to assess testicular tissue structure by observing the morphology of spermatogenic cells at various development stages, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium. The sperm mitochondrial function was assessed using sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and testicular ATP content. The fertility of mice was evaluated through fertility rate, litter size, and survival rate of offspring. The underlying mechanisms were explored by detecting the methylation of LRGUK gene and its mRNA and protein levels. Results Compared with the Sham group, there were no significant changes in sperm count in the 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz groups; however, the sperm abnormality rate significantly increased (P < 0.05) and sperm motility significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The structure of testicular tissue, the function of sperm mitochondria, and fertility of mice showed no significant changes as compared with the Sham group. The methylation level of LRGUK gene in the testes significantly increased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels significantly decreased. Conclusion Exposure to 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for 42 consecutive days can lead to an increase in sperm deformity rate and a decrease in sperm motility in mice, but has no significant effect on fertility, which may be related to an increase in methylation level of the LRGUK gene in the testes.

ObjectiveTo explore the exposure-lag-response relationship between temperature and risk of varicella incidence，and to provide a scientific evidence for early warning and precise prevention and control of varicella epidemic. MethodsDaily varicella cases and daily meteorological data were collected in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2010 to 2022. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to determine the exposure-lag-response relationship between temperature and risk of varicella incidence. Furthermore， effect of temperature on the incidence risk was determined across different age groups. ResultsIn 2010‒2022， the total number of notified varicella cases was 26 207 in Minhang District， with the highest incidence in the group aged 3‒14 years （50.35%）. The seasonal pattern of daily varicella cases showed a double peak. The large peak was found in November and December， followed by a smaller peak in May and June. Moreover， the distributed lag nonlinear model showed a unimodal curve in the relationship between temperature and varicella incidence. The RR value reached its maximum peak of 1.90 （95%CI： 1.25‒2.87） at 7 ℃. A reverse U-shape was found in the lag-response curves between temperature and varicella incidence. Furthermore， the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence showed a unimodal pattern in the varicella cases aged 3‒14 years. The RR value reached its peak at 11 ℃ （RR=2.89， 95%CI： 1.33‒6.24）. In contrast， the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence in the cases aged 15 years and above showed a unimodal pattern， with RR value reaching the peak at 5 ℃ （RR=2.14， 95%CI： 1.33‒3.44）. ConclusionThe unimodal curve is found in the relationship between temperature and varicella incidence. Low temperature is associated with increased risk of varicella incidence. Children aged 3‒14 years are more susceptible to the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards scrub typhus control and analyse the influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into management of scrub typhus in the county. Methods Two townships were randomly sampled from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in July 2023, and 2 to 3 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township. Then, 20 to 40 households were randomly selected from each village, and 1 to 2 villagers were surveyed in each household. Residents’ KAP towards scrub typhus control was investigated, and factor affecting residents’ KAP towards scrub typhus control were identified with independent samples t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 417 questionnaires were allocated, and 410 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.32%. Of all respondents, 65.85% (270/410) heard of scrub typhus but were not familiar with it, and 12.68% (52/410) and 1.95% (8/410) were familiar and very familiar with it, respectively. Residents mainly acquired scrub typhus control knowledge via their relatives and friends. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of the respondents with regard to scrub typhus were (34.14 ± 13.07), (55.04 ± 6.69), and (21.40 ± 5.61), respectively, and the total score for knowledge, belief, and behavior in relation to scrub typhus prevention and control was (110.57 ± 18.80). Univariate analysis revealed that age (F = 3.12, P < 0.05), education (F = 10.77, P < 0.05), occupation (F = 4.89, P < 0.05), frequency of outdoor activities (F = 3.61, P < 0.05), and type of place of residence (t = 1.33, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced the participants’ scores for knowledge of the prevention and control of scrub typhus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy level (β = 10.20 to 16.71, P < 0.05) and category of residence (β = −7.23, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced residents’ current knowledge and trust behavior in relation to scrub typhus. Conclusions Place of residence and educational level are critical factors affecting scrub typhus control among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province. Intensified health education pertaining to scrub typhus control and appropriate behavioral interventions are required among residents living in urban areas, with a low educational level and frequent outdoor activities.

In the face of the severe challenges posed by chronic illnesses, patients not only experience negative emotions due to their condition but also undergo positive transformations, such as a sense of benefit finding. This article summarizes the theoretical foundations, assessment tools, influencing factors, and intervention measures related to benefit finding among chronic disease patients. The aim is to provide references for healthcare professionals to develop and implement personalized psychological nursing care for chronic disease patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of radiofrequency radiation (RF) from 5G mobile phone communication frequency bands (3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice.Methods:A total of 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into Sham, 3.5 GHz RF and 4.9 GHz RF groups, and 8 mice in each group. Mice in the RF groups were systemically exposed to 5G cell phone radiation for consecutive 35 d(1 h/d) with 50 W/m 2 power density. The BBB permeability of mice was detected by Evans Blue (EB) fluorescence experiment. The expression levels of the BBB tight junction-related proteins (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-11) and the gap junction-related protein Connexin 43 were determined by Western blot. Results:The number of spots, fluorescence intensity and comprehensive score of EB were significantly increased in 3.5 GHz RF group and 4.9 GHz RF group compared with the Sham group ( t=12.98, 17.82, P<0.001). Compared with the Sham group, the content of S100B in mouse serum was significantly increased in 3.5 GHz RF group and 4.9 GHz RF group ( t=19.34, 14.68, P<0.001). The BBB permeability was increased in the RF group. The expression level of occludin protein was significantly reduced in the 3.5 GHz RF group ( t=-3.13, P<0.05), and this decrease was much profound in the 4.9 GHz RF group ( t=-6.55, P<0.01). But the protein levels of ZO-1, Claudin-11 and Connexin 43 in the cerebral cortex of the RF groups had no significantly difference in comparison with the Sham group( P>0.05). Conclusions:The continuous exposure of mobile phone RF at 3.5 GHz or 4.9 GHz for 35 d (1 h/d) induces an increase of BBB permeability in the mouse cerebral cortex, perhaps by reducing the expression of occludin protein.

Objective:To explore a new teaching method for tourniquets based on BOPPPS teaching model with a goal of unconscious competence, and to maximally increase trainees' application effectiveness of tourniquets.Methods:Theoretic teaching was conducted in accordance with BOPPPS framework; practical curriculum design was made based on a reinforcing stimulus, which was needed in the progress changes within the "unconscious incompetence → conscious incompetence → conscious competence → unconscious competence". This new teaching method was used to train base-force soldiers' rescue skills, and its effect was compared with that of traditional teaching method. The data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:Trainees who received this new method of training were faster to use tourniquets than those who received traditional method.Conclusion:Applying the BOPPPS model and the conditioned reflex principle which reflected from unconscious incompetence to unconscious competence in the teaching of tourniquets can effectively improve trainees' skills, gaining better results in teaching.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on sedation and cognitive function in elderly pa-tients after abdominal operation. Methods From January 2013 to January 2014 in our department,100 cases of abdominal operation were randomly divided into observation group (infusion of dexmedetomidine﹚ and control group (infusion of saline﹚,50 cases in each group, compared two groups of patients before treatment and 10 min after administration, 30 min after administration of Ramsay score changes,changes in the two groups before operation 1 days, 1 days after operation,postoperative 3 days,7 days after operation,MMSE score, the two groups before operation (T0﹚, 5 min after operation(T1﹚,before extubation 15 min T2﹚,extubation 30 min(T3﹚systolic blood pressure (SBP﹚,diastolic blood pres-sure (DBP﹚,heart rate(HR﹚ and oxygen saturation(SpO2﹚changes. Results Patients with 10 min after administration, 30 min Ramsay after administration scores were higher than those in the control group,there was significant difference (P<0.05﹚. The MMSE score of the patients in control group after operation 1 d, postoperative were lower than that of the observation group,there was significant difference (P<0.05﹚. 2 groups of patients with T2 in T3,SBP levels were significantly higher than T0,but the control group was significantly higher than those in the observation group,there was significant difference(P<0.05﹚. Patients in the control group DBP level was T0 increased significantly,and the level of DBP in patients with T2 group,T3 was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the observation of DBP level significantly changes in T0-T2 group were not significant (P>0.05﹚. Patients in control group and T1-T3 in HR were higher than that of the observation group,there was significant difference(P<0.05﹚. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine for sedation in elderly patients after abdominal operation,the cognitive function of patients recovered quickly,and can maintain the stability of hemodynamics.

Objective To investigate the effects of different anesthesia methods on immunity in patients underwent radical resection of rectal carcinoma.Methods 82 patients underwent radical resection of rectal carcinoma were divided into two groups,each group had 41 cases.A group received total intravenous anesthesia while B group received total intravenous anesthesia combined with eqidural anesthesia.CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3+HLA-DR+and NK cells were inspected before induction of anesthesia(T0),2 h after skin incision(T1),2 h(T2) and 24 h(T3) after the end of operation.The T-lymphocyte subsets,activated T cells and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was observed at T2 and T3.Results The VAS score of T2,T3 in A group[(3.86 ± 0.46)points,(3.62 ±0.26)points]were higher than those in B group[(1.67 ±0.57)points,(1.94 ±0.42)points] (all P<0.05).The percentages of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3+HLA-DR+and NK cells of T1,T2,T3 were lower than those of T0 in A group(all P<0.05);The percentages of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3+HLA-DR+and NK cells of T1, T2 were lower than those of T0 in B group ( all P <0.05 );The percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD3+HLA-DR+ and NK cells of T1, T2, T3 in A group were lower than those in B group ( all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Total intravenous anesthesia combined with eqidural anesthesia produces less immune suppression than total intravenous anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the possibility and safety of balloon kyphoplasty for the aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods From October 2007 to December 2012, 78 patients with aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated by balloon kyphoplasty. The inflatable balloon was inserted through pedicle of vertebal arch to make fracture reduction, then the centrum was stuffed with bone cement. The whole procedure was pinpointed and detected by C-arm x-ray machine. Results All operations were completed successfully. The lumbar and back pain of the patients relieved obviously. The quality of patients' life was significantly improved. Imaging examinations revealed that the vertebrae altitude was recovered and the kyphosis was corrected obviously. Conclusion Balloon kyphoplasty is effective to treat the aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures. But the operation had certain risk, we must do a good job in preoperative preparation, strictly handle surgical indication and accurately operate.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and pattern of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in Shanghai through a community-based survey. Methods A cluster sampling survey was done among the residents in Beixinjing Community, Changning District, Shanghai. All the subjects were asked to fill a questionnaire to provide their general information, including sex, age, native place, physical status, life habit, family history, etc. The diagnosis of AGA was made by dermatologists. To determine the pattern of hair loss,Norwood-Hamilton classification system and Ludwig classification system were used for male AGA and female AGA, respectively. All the data were statistically analyzed by EpiData and SPSS11.5 software. Results Totally, 7056 subjects completed the questionnaire, including 3519 males and 3537 females, and the response rate was 72.5%. AGA was diagnosed in 809 patients, consisting of 701 males aging from 19 to 91 years (mean 64.16±11.9 years) and 108 females aging from 35 to 91 years (mean 70.46±18.89 years). The standardized prevalence (SP) was 9.47% in total, 15.73% in males and 2.73% in females; the difference was significant between males and females (χ2=356.00, P<0.001). A family history of AGA was observed in 52.7% of all subjects including 391 (55.78%) males and 35 (32.41%) females. Type Ⅲ vertex involvement was the most common type in men aging from 20 to 70 years old, and type Ⅵ in those over 70 years old. Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ predominated in female AGA. Conclusions The results of this survey indicate that the prevalence of AGA is remarkably higher in men than that in women. Furthermore, the prevalence is steadily increased with advancing age in Shanghai.