Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a disease syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia.A long-term high-glucose environment leads to reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and nuclear DNA damage.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(HUcMSC)infusion induces significant antidiabetic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)receptor(IGF1R)is important in promoting glucose metabolism in diabetes;however,the mechanism by which HUcMSC can treat diabetes through IGF1R and DNA damage repair remains unclear.In this study,a DM rat model was induced with high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin(STZ)administration and rats were infused four times with HUcMSC.Blood glucose,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10,glomerular basement membrane,and renal function were examined.Proteins that interacted with IGF1R were determined through coimmunoprecipitation assays.The expression of IGF1R,phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 2(p-CHK2),and phosphorylated protein 53(p-p53)was examined using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and western blot analysis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG).Flow cytometry experiments were used to detect the surface markers of HUcMSC.The identification of the morphology and phenotype of HUcMSC was performed by way of oil red"O"staining and Alizarin red staining.DM rats exhibited abnormal blood glucose and IL-6/10 levels and renal function changes in the glomerular basement membrane,increased the expression of IGF1 and IGF1R.IGF1R interacted with CHK2,and the expression of p-CHK2 was significantly decreased in IGF1R-knockdown cells.When cisplatin was used to induce DNA damage,the expression of p-CHK2 was higher than that in the IGF1R-knockdown group without cisplatin treatment.HUcMSC infusion ameliorated abnormalities and preserved kidney structure and function in DM rats.The expression of IGF1,IGF1R,p-CHK2,and p-p53,and the level of 8-OHdG in the DM group increased significantly compared with those in the control group,and decreased after HUcMSC treatment.Our results suggested that IGF1R could interact with CHK2 and mediate DNA damage.HUcMSC infusion protected against kidney injury in DM rats.The underlying mechanisms may include HUcMSC-mediated enhancement of diabetes treatment via the IGF1R-CHK2-p53 signalling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of hirudin(HRD)on neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response in rats with cerebral infarction by regulating Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase(ROCK)signaling pathway.Methods:SD rats were grouped into Ct group,Model group,low-dose HRD group(HRD-L group,13.33 mg/kg),high-dose HRD group(HRD-H group,26.66 mg/kg),positive control Nimodipine group(NMDP group,40 mg/kg),U-46619(RhoA agonist,0.03 mg/kg)group and HRD-H+U-46619 group(26.66 mg/kg+0.03 mg/kg),with 24 rats per group.Except for the Ct group,rats in other groups constructed the rat model of cerebral infarction by the modified suture method.The rats in the Ct group only exposed the blood vessels without incision and suture insertion.After 1 hour of successful modeling,drug treatment was car-ried out,once a day for 4 weeks.Zea-Longa method was applied to evaluate the neurological function of rats;dry and wet weight meth-od was applied to detect the water content of rat brain tissue;2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was applied to deter-mine the volume of cerebral infarction in rats;TUNEL staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of rats.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in rat hippocampus were detected by ELISA;the protein expressions of cleaved-Caspase-3 Cleaved-Caspase-3,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),RhoA,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in rat hippocampus were de-tected by Western blot.Results:Compared with Ct group,the neurological function scores,brain tissue water content,cerebral in-farction volume percentage,neuron apoptosis rate,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,the protein expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-3,Bax,RhoA,ROCK1 and ROCK2 increased in the Model group(P<0.05).Compared with Model group,the neurological function scores,brain tissue water content,cerebral infarction volume percentage,neuron apoptosis rate,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,the protein expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-3,Bax,RhoA,ROCK1 and ROCK2 decreased in HRD-L group,HRD-H group,NMDP group,however,the corresponding index changes in the U-46619 group showed an opposite trend(P<0.05).Compared with HRD-H group,the neurological function scores,brain tissue water content,cerebral infarction volume percentage,neuron apoptosis rate,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,the protein expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-3,Bax,RhoA,ROCK1 and ROCK2 were increased in the HRD-H+U-46619 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:HRD may inhibit neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response in rats with cerebral infarction by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of isorhyncophylline on cognitive impairment in rats with acute cerebral infarction and its corresponding mechanism.Methods SD rats were separated into acute cerebral infarction group,sham operation group,low-dose isorhyncophylline group,high-dose isorhyncophylline group,nimodipine group,and high-dose isorhyncophylline+ADU-S100 group,with 24 rates for each group.Except the sham operation group,the rats in other groups were treated with filament model to construct the model of acute cerebral infarction.In the sham operation group,only the right external carotid artery,common carotid artery and internal carotid artery were exposed,and the filament was not inserted.After successful modeling,the medication was administered once a day for 2 weeks.After the modeling was successful,the rats in the low dose group and the high dose group were given 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively,and the same amount of isotonic saline was injected intraperitoneally.Nimodipine group rats were given 30 mg/kg nimodipine by intragastric administration,and the same amount of isotonic saline was also injected intraperitoneally.The rats in high dose isorhyncophylline+ADU-S 100 group were given 20 mg/kg isorhyncophylline by intragastric administration and 20 mg/kg ADU-S 100 intraperitoneally.Rats in sham operation group and acute cerebral infarction group were injected with 10 ml/kg isotonic saline by intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection.The medication was administered once a day for 2 weeks.The Zela-Longa neurological function score was evaluated in all the rats 24 h after the final medication,and then Morris water maze test was conducted and their escape latency and the number of stays in the original platform quadrant were recorded.The levels of interleukin 6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)α in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The water content of brain tissue was detected in each group.The volume of cerebral infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Evans blue was applied to detect blood-brain barrier permeability.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of ZO-1 and occludin messenger RNA(mRNA)in brain tissue of each group.The expression of STING,phosphorylated tank-bound kinase 1(p-TBK1)and phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3(p-IRF3)in rat brain tissues was detected by western blot and compared between groups.Results Compared with sham operation group,the neurological function score([2.96±0.32]vs.0),brain tissue water content([86.9±3.2]％vs.[71.8±3.1]％),serum TNF-a([86.7±3.5]ng/L vs.[35.6±1.7]ng/L)and IL-6([167.8±6.1]ng/L vs.[50.2±2.2]ng/L)levels,cerebral infarction volume([28.6±1.3]mm3 vs.0 mm3),evans blue content([1.57±0.13]g/Lvs.[0.96±0.08]g/L),STING([1.83±0.16]vs.[0.86±0.08]),p-TBK1([0.89±0.07]vs.[0.41±0.03]),and p-IRF3([0.67±0.05]vs.[0.13±0.01])protein expression in brain tissue were increased,expression of ZO-1([0.45±0.04]vs.[1.00±0.00])and occludin mRNA([0.23±0.02]vs.[1.00±0.00])in brain tissue were decreased,the escape latency was prolonged([33.6±1.6]s vs.[12.3±0.5]s),and the number of stays in the original platform quadrant([5.9±0.2]times vs.[15.7±0.4]times)was decreased in the acute cerebral infarction group 24 h after last medication administration(all P＜0.05).(2)Compared with acute cerebral infarction group,the neurological function score([2.37±0.21],[1.14±0.17],[1.18±0.13]vs.[2.96±0.32]),brain tissue water content([81.8±3.0]％,[74.9±3.0]％,[74.3±2.9]％vs.[86.9±3.2]％),serum TNF-α([71.1±1.4]ng/L,[43.4±2.0]ng/L,[41.5±1.9]ng/L vs.[86.7±3.5]ng/L)and IL-6([129.8±5.4]ng/L,[81.2±3.8]ng/L,[80.0±3.6]ng/L vs.[167.8±6.1]ng/L)levels,cerebral infarction volume([21.7±1.0]mm3,[10.5±0.5]mm3,[10.7±0.5]mm3 vs.[28.6±1.3]mm3),evans blue content([1.39±0.12]g/L,[1.16±0.10]g/L,[1.18±0.19]g/L vs.[1.57±0.13]g/L),STING([1.50±0.14],[1.02±0.11],[1.01±0.09]vs.[1.83±0.16]),p-TBK1([0.75±0.05],[0.54±0.04],[0.52±0.05]vs.[0.89±0.07]),and p-IRF3([0.51±0.05],[0.25±0.02],[0.27±0.02]vs.[0.67±0.05])protein expression in brain tissue were decreased,expression of ZO-1([0.58±0.05],[0.87±0.07],[0.89±0.09]vs.[0.45±0.04])and occludin mRNA([0.36±0.03],[0.71±0.06],[0.69±0.05]vs.[0.23±0.02])in brain tissue were increased,the escape latency were shortened([28.6±1.0]s,[16.5±0.7]s,[16.4±0.7]s vs.[33.6±1.6]s),and the number of stays in the original platform quadrant([8.2±0.3]times,[12.8±0.5]times,[12.9±0.5]times vs.[5.9±0.2]times)were increased in the low-dose isorhyncophylline group,high-dose isorhyncophylline group,and nimodipine group(all P＜0.05).(3)Compared with high-dose isorhyncophylline group,the neurological function score([2.12±0.14]vs.[1.14±0.17]),brain tissue water content([78.7±3.2]％vs.[74.9±3.0]％),serum TNF-a([59.7±2.1]ng/L vs.[43.4±2.0]ng/L)and IL-6([118.9±4.6]ng/L vs.[81.2±3.8]ng/L)levels,cerebral infarction volume([16.6±0.4]mm3 vs.[10.5±0.5]mm3),evans blue content([1.36±0.10]g/L vs.[1.16±0.10]g/L),and STING([1.37±0.12]vs.[1.02±0.11]),p-TBK1([0.67±0.05]vs.[0.54±0.04]),and p-IRF3([0.39±0.03]vs.[0.25±0.02])protein expression in brain tissue were increased,expression of ZO-1([0.63±0.05]vs.[0.87±0.07])and occludin mRNA([0.46±0.05]vs.[0.71±0.06])in brain tissue were decreased,the escape latency was prolonged([23.4±1.0]svs.[16.5±0.7]s),and the number of stays in the original platform quadrant([9.6±0.3]times vs.[12.8±0.5]times)was decreased in the isorhyncophylline high-dose+ADU-S100 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Isorhyncophylline can inhibit inflammation,reduce blood-brain barrier damage,reduce cerebral edema,and improve cognitive impairment in rats with acute cerebral infarction,and the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic bortezomib in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The data of 60 MM patients treated with domestic bortezomib as the basic chemotherapy regimen in 5 medical centers of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Heze Municipal Hospital, Weifang People's Hospital, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Zibo Central Hospital in Shandong Province from January 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, 52 of which were newly treated patients and 8 were relapsed and refractory patients. The patients received at least 2 courses of combined chemotherapy based on domestic bortezomib, and the efficacy was assessed and evaluated every 2 courses.Results:Follow-up until June 30, 2019 showed that some patients were unable to return to the hospital for regular treatment. All patients completed at least 2 courses of treatment, with an overall effective rate (ORR) of 76.7% (46/60); 42 patients completed 4 courses of treatment, with an ORR of 78.6% (33/42); 30 patients completed 6 courses of treatment, with an ORR of 86.7% (26/30); there was no significant difference in ORR of 2, 4 and 6 courses ( P > 0.05). The complete remission+very good partial remission rates of 2, 4 and 6 courses were 16.7% (10/60), 47.6% (20/42) and 66.7% (20/30), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). During the treatment, the adverse events mainly included infection, peripheral neuropathy, herpes, digestive tract symptoms, hematologic toxicities and so on, which were light and moderate mostly, and most of them can be reversed. The total incidence of adverse events in patients who completed 2, 4 and 6 courses of treatment were 91.7% (55/60), 66.7% (28/42) and 36.7% (11/30), respectively. Conclusions:The domestic bortezomib-based chemotherapy regimens have good efficacy in the treatment of MM. The incidence of adverse events is similar to that of the original drug, and patients can tolerate the adverse events.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of Chikungunya fever (CHIK) in Ruili city at Sino-Myanmar border area in Yunnan province, China, 2019.Methods:The data of CHIK cases in Ruili city were collected. Serum samples were collected from acute phase of the patients for the detection of the viral nucleic acid with real-time reverse transcription PCR assay.Results:A total of 121 CHIK cases (laboratory-confirmed cases) were reported in Ruili city in 2019, in which 98 were indigenous cases (80.99%) including 2 pregnant women and 3 neonatal cases (twin boys and 1 girl) were observed with vertical mother-to-child transmission), and 23 were imported cases (19.01%) from Myanmar. CHIK mainly occurred in Urban area (Mengmao town) and port area (Jiegao development zone) of Ruili city. The epidemic of CHIK lasted from September to November. The epidemic peak was in October (74.38%). The majority of patients were aged from 20—59 years (77.69%), in addition to 3 cases of mother-to-child transmission, the youngest was 3 months and the oldest 72 year-old. The male to female ratio was 1∶1.28 (53∶68). Occupational distribution of CHIK cases was mainly for the commercial service personnel (33.06%), home workers and unemployed persons (21.49%) and retiree (11.57%).Conclusions:During the outbreak of CHIK in Ruili in 2019, both indigenous and imported cases were detected. The imported CHIK cases from Myanmar were the main sources for local transmission of CHIK in Ruili city. This is the first time that a local epidemic of CHIK has occurred in Yunnan Province. It is necessary to strengthen control of the cross-border spread of CHIK in this area.

Actin filaments play an important role in fungal life processes such as growth, development and cytokinesis. The expression vector pSULPH-Lifeact-mCherry of fluorescent mCherry-labeled actin was transferred into Verticillium dahliae Kleb. wild type V592 by the genetic transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to obtain the stable fluorescent labeled actin strain V592/Lifeact-mCherry. Then we detected its biological phenotype and the dynamic changes of actin fluorescence during the process of spore germination, mycelial growth and development. There was no significant difference in the colony morphology, colonial growth rate, sporulation and germination rate between the fluorescent labeled actin strain and the wild type. The actin fluorescence signal was observed at the tip of the conidia and hyphae and the septum clearly. Actin participated in the formation of the contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) during cytokinesis by observing the dynamic behavior of the actin in the process of hyphal septum formation. The fluorescent labeled actin strain can be used to study the dynamics of actin in fungal development to provide theoretical and practical support for further study of the mechanism of actin in fungal development and pathogenesis.
Actins ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Plant Diseases ; Spores, Fungal ; Verticillium

Objective To explore the effect of damage control surgery (DCS) in the treatment of severe electric burn. Methods Retrospective analysis on clinical data of 45 patients with severe electric burn was con-ducted. According to implementing DCS or not , patients were separated into DCS group and control group. In DCS group, tangential excision and transplanted xenogenic acellular dermal matrix was conducted for severe electric burn cases with deep Ⅱ degree wound, and escharectomy and VSD dressing for Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree electric contact burn wound at the first stage then skin-grafting or skin flap-grafting on the secong stage was applied. For control group , debridement, tangential excision or escharectomy and skin-grafting or skin flap-grafting to close the wound were conducted. We compared the difference in terms of operation time, length of stay, disability rate, mortality and complications between 2 groups. Results The operation time, incidince of disability and complications in DCS Group obviously decreased but there was no difference in length of stay and mortality in both groups. Conclusion DCS is effective for reducing complications and optimizing therapeutic effect for severe electric burn patients.

Objective To investigate principles of acupoint selection for the ancient acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of facial paralysis.Methods The ancient literature about acupuncture and moxibustion was collected and reviewed from the pre-Qin period to the late Qing Dynasty. According to the data selection criteria, acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions of facial paralysis were collected and input into an ancient acupuncture and moxibustion prescription database. By use of frequency analysis and factor analysis, the principles of acupoint selection were obtained.ResultsTotally 257 prescriptions were collected which involve 74 acupoints. Through frequency analysis, 19 acupoints were obtained whose frequencies were equal or greater than 9, such as Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Tinghui (GB 2), Shuigou (GV 26), Hegu (LI 4), etc. Through factor analysis of acupoint variables, 6 common factors were obtained.Conclusion Based on analysis of the common factors, the principles of acupoint selection are summarized which were according to meridian, part and etiology for the ancient acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis. The results could provide a reference for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. It is feasible that factor analysis was applied to study principles of acupoint selection for acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions.

The information organization mode of Chinese medicine is a key factor of meeting informational or analytical demands on Chinese medicine. This paper summarized the research status on information organization mode of Chinese medicine by using the basic principle of multidimensional data model, designing basic dimensions of Chinese medicine and its concept hierarchies. Finally, with an example of information query, this paper designed the multidimensional data model of Chinese medicine based on the star pattern and a multidimensional query system of Chinese medicine information. Based on the multidimensional data model, the information organization mode of Chinese medicine can provide powerful supports for the multi-angle and multi-level query using of Chinese medicine information.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding and treatment of otogenic deep neck abscess.METHODSTo analyse the treatments of 2 cases retrospectively and do the literature review.RESULTS 2 cases had long history of otitis media, showed abnormal signal connection on MRI image between neck lesion and middle ear. They were cured by mastoidectomy and drainage from neck abscess to mastoid cavity.CONCLUSIONThe otogenic deep neck abscess is different from other one in the etiology, pathogenesis, pathogenic bacteria, treatment and so on. The neck MRI examination has obvious advantages in the nature of the lesion, the resolution of the soft tissue and the correlation of lesions between the neck and the mastoid, and can be used as the predominant treatment. Incision and drainage of the neck abscess is unnecessary if operated on time. Before the neck abscess is cured thoroughly, keeping drainage of the mastoid tip is very important for prevention of recurrence. Postoperative change dressing should also be strengthened.