Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. It can cause a variety of diseases such as condyloma acuminatum, anal cancer, penile cancer and oropharyngeal cancer in men, resulting in a high disease burden. With the development of society, the application of HPV vaccines in males has attracted more attention. Currently, there are many clinical trials and real-world research results of HPV vaccines applied to boys and men worldwide, and many countries have introduced HPV vaccination for underage boys into their national immunization programs. This article intended to review the research progress in the efficacy of HPV vaccines in male population.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the common causes of tumor-related death, and it has high morbidity and mortality rates in China. Recent studies have shown that platelets are closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Literature review shows that platelets not only participate in hemostasis, but also act on liver cells and tumor microenvironment, promote the formation of new blood vessels, and participate in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma as a cell mediator through immune response and other pathways. In addition, platelets and their derivatives can be used as potential therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, antiplatelet therapy is expected to become a new adjuvant strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, which has important clinical significance.

Objective: The paper endeavors to explore effective efficiency evaluation system for large-scale equipment in universities by considering status quo of large-scale equipment management. Methods: Existing efficiency evaluation systems of large-scale equipment are carefully examined in terms of current application, management and evaluation results. Based on comprehensive evaluation index system, specific evaluation standards are established, according to which evaluations are conducted. Results: Established based on large-scale equipment’ application, specific efficiency evaluation indexes and weights therefore could comprehensively and objectively reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment. Conclusion:Comprehensive and objective efficiency evaluation can better reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment and thus provide reliable reference for purchasers.

To enhance the thermostability and storage stability of alpha-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (a-CGTase), we added specific chemical additives into the preparation of alpha-CGTase, and studied the effect of additives on the storage stability of alpha-CGTase at different temperatures. Then we measured the protein structure of CGTase in the far UV (200-250 nm) and near UV (250-320 nm) ranges respectively by Circular dichroism (CD) spectra under high temperature and analyzed the relationship between thermostability and protein structure. The results indicated that the addition of selected additives (gelatin, glycerin, CaCl2 and PEG400) enhanced the thermostability of alpha-CGTase dramatically. After 45 days, the preparation of alpha-CGTase still had 100% of the enzyme activity with different additives superimposed at the optimum concentration at 40 degrees C. The CD spectra of alpha-CGTase showed that glycerin could protect the secondary and the tertiary structure of the CGTase under high temperature and therefore the enzyme maintained its high activity. Chemical additives can improve the stability of alpha-CGTase significantly and they preserve the enzyme activity by protecting its secondary structure.
Enzyme Stability ; drug effects ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; Glycerol ; chemistry ; Paenibacillus ; enzymology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in gastric cancer tissues,para-cancerous tissues and metastastic lymph nodes,and to explore its role and significance for the clinicopathology and prognosis.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in tissue microarrays containing gastric normal mucosa(n=32),para-cancerous tissues(n=54),metastastic lymph nodes(n=41),and gastric cancer tissues(n=189).Results:The positive rates for c-Jun and MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer were 73.0%and 78.3%,respectively.The positive rates of c-Jun protein was significantly associated with the degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type,sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 was significantly associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type and degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 expression in the 41 gastnc cancer tissue samples and 41 metastastic lymph node tissue samples were significantly different(P<0.05).In metastastic lymph nodes,the positive rate of MMP-9 expression was higher.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with negative c-Jun and MMP-9 expression was higher than that of patients with positive c-Jun and MMP-9 expression(P<0.05).COX regression analysis showed that c-Jun and MMP-9 expressioh was not independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Conclusion:The expression of c-Jun is positively associated with the degree of differentiation.The increased c-Jun expression maybe an early indicator of gastric Cancer. The high expression of MMP-9 may involve the Occurrence,development,invasion,and metastasis of gastric cancer. C-Jun and MMP-9 are useful markers for predicting the outcome of gastric cancer,but they are not independent prognostic factors.

Objective To evaluate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MiF) and cyclinD1 in pancreatic carcinoma and their relationships with clinical pathology characteristics. Methods The expression of MIF and eyclinD1 in 89 carcinoma and 5 normal pancreatic tissues was detected with immunohis-tochemistry methods, and the relationships among MIF and cyclinD1 expression and clinicopathological factors were studied. Results The overexpression of MIF and cyclinD1 was found in 88.8%, and 50. 6% of pancre-atic carcinoma tissues respectively. The overexpression of MIF had a significant correlation with Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ tumor stage (69. 2%, 94. 7%, 96. 4%, 100%, P <0.05), while the positive expression rate of cyclinD1 only had a significant correlation with tumor stages Ⅲ,Ⅳ (33. 3%, 68. 8%, P <0. 05). Both of the two proteins had a correlative tendency with pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. The different expression of MIF between pancreatic carcinoma with and without liver metastasis had no statistical significance, (100% ,85.9%, P >0. 05)while there was a statistically significant difference about cyclinD1 (66. 7% ,46. 5% ,P <0. 05). A significant positive correlation was also found between MIF and cyclinD1 (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The ex-pression of MIF and CyclinD1 was higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than in normal tissue, and they may be associated with the malignant stage, tumor differentiation, local lymph node and liver metastasis of this tumor.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and cell cycle regulating factor Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the interaction between MIF and Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle controlling. Methods Using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting to detect mRNA and protein expression of MIF and Cyelin DI in HCC tissues and tumor adjacent tissues. Specific small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting MIF gene was transfccted at doses of 50 nmol/L and 100 nmoL/L into HCC cell lines of PLC and HepG2 with lipofeetamine 2000 methods to knockdown the expression of M1F gene and to investigare the the interaction between M1F and Cyclin D1. Results MIF and Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA were overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues. The relative expression of MIF,Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA were 0.825±0.13,0.843± 0.104 and 7.31±1.85 folds、4.27±1.05 folds, compared with the tumor adjacent tissues (FMIF= 15.5, P<0.01;FCyclin D1=87.5,P <0.01). In MIF siRNA treated PLC and HepG2 cells, MIF mRNA down regulation 71.2%±7.2%, 87.4%±2.9% ,74.3%±8.9% and 88.4%±4.6% respectively (FPLC = 315.5 ,P < 0.01 ; FHepG2= 201.2 P < 0.01). While MIF protein expression were significandy reduced to 0.33±0.03,0.11±0.02, 0.81±0.08 and 0.36±0.02 in a dose-dependent manner (FPLC= 43.9, P <0.01 ;FHepG2 = 133.4 P <0.01). Cyclin D1 mRNA was significantly down-regnlated in MIF siRNA treated PLC and HepG2 cell lines when compared with control group(P <0.01). In 50 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L groups, Cyclin DI mRNA levels were respectively decreased by 68.2%±3% and 78.1%±1.4% in PLC cell, 65.8%±4.7% and 77.3%±2.6% in HepG2 cell (FPLC= 1569, P < 0.01 ; FHepG2= 480.4, P <0.01). Compared with control groups, Cyclin D1 protein levels significantly reduced to 0.28±0.06、0.15±0.03 and 0.44 ±0.04、0.13±0.02 in the PLC and HepG2 after M IF siRNA treatment(FPLC= 35.5, P < 0.01 ; FHepG2 = 114.7, P < 0.01). Conclusions MIF and Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues and participated in tumor cell cycle regulation. MIF may up-regnlate the expression of Cyclin DI via ERK signalling and precipitate in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The cgt gene was isolated from Paenibacillus macerans by PCR amplification and was inserted into vectors of pPIC9K and pMAS. The recombinant vectors were transformed to Pichia pastoris KM71 and Bacillus subtilis WB600, respectively. The results showed that alpha-CGTase activity in the culture media of recombinant P pastoris was only 0.2 U/mL, while it was 1.9 U/mL in recombinant B. subtilis. In addition, we optimized the culture conditions of the recombinant B. subtilis strain. After cultivation at 37 degrees C for 24 h with shake flask, the CGTase forming activity in culture media reached to 4.5 U/mL (hydrolysis activity was 3200 IU/mL), which is 9.8-fold to that of the original strain P. macerans.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paenibacillus ; enzymology ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3(VEGFR-3) mRNA expression, microvessels density (MVD) and lymphatic microvessels density (LVD) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver tissue. Try to illuminate the relationship among VEGF-C,VEGFR-3,MVD,LVD and the clinical pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Liver tissue of 60 cases definitely diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma and 20 normal cases were collected. VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression were examined by RT-PCR, MVD and LVD were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Relationship between these indexes and clinical pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma was also analysed. Results VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression, MVD and LVD in hepatocellular carcinoma were higher than those in normal liver tissue (P<0.01); In hepatocellular carcinoma tissue, expression of VEGF-C mRNA positively related with VEGFR-3 mRNA, MVD and LVD(P<0.01). VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression positively related with portal vein tumor thrombus, intrahepatal metastasis and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). MVD positively related with portal vein tumor thrombus and intrahepatal metastasis (P<0.01). LVD positively related with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Conclusion VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression increase in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. They might play roles in tumor invasion and metastasis by inducing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

Many studies indicate that macrophage migration inhibition factor(MIF)is over-expressed in tumor cells,and is involved in the carcinogenesis and tumor development by multiple methods and ways.The complicated molecular mechanisms are not quite clear,and the studies about MIF in digestive tumors,especially in hepatic cell carcinoma become more and more.