Anxiety disorders are characterized by high prevalence and recurrence rate.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)are recommended as first-line treatments for anxiety disorders,while some patients do not response to either of these treatments.Therefore,exploring the neurobiological mechanisms associated with treatment response and valuable prognostic marker is of great value in guiding clinical decision making.Previous studies have reported an altered electroencephalogram(EEG)pattern in patients with anxiety disorders after treatment,and revealed a correlation between baseline EEG and treatment response,suggesting that EEG is of great value in predicting the treatment response in anxiety disorders.The purpose of this article is to delineate findings from a systematic review of the literature investigating the EEG signal in prognostic prediction and exploration of neurobiological mechanisms,so as to provide electrophysiological evidence for individualized treatment of anxiety disorders.Results of this review show that patients responding more strongly to negative emotional stimuli before treatment are more likely to benefit from SSRIs and CBT.After the CBT,no statistical difference is found in the amplitude of error-related negativity(ERN)and P1 component between pre-and post-procedure measurements,suggesting that CBT may not reduce anxiety symptoms by improving attention bias and behavioral monitoring.EEG indicators related to emotion perception under negative emotional stimuli at baseline,such as late positive potential(LPP),may be promising markers for predicting response to treatment in anxiety disorders.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious and fatal disease of sheep and goats. PPR virus (PPRV) infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). The activation of UPR signaling pathways and their impact on apoptosis and virus replication remains controversial. Objectives: To investigate the role of PPRV-induced ER stress and the IRE1-XBP1 and IRE1-JNK pathways and their impact on apoptosis and virus replication. Methods: The cell viability and virus replication were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot. The expression of ER stress biomarker GRP78, IRE1, and its downstream molecules, PPRV-N protein, and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and STF-083010 were respectively used to inhibit ER stress and IRE1 signaling pathway. Results: The expression of GRP78, IRE1α, p-IRE1α, XBP1s, JNK, p-JNK, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and PPRV-N were significantly up-regulated in PPRV-infected cells, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated. Due to 4-PBA treatment, the expression of GRP78, p-IRE1α, XBP1s, p-JNK, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and PPRV-N were significantly downregulated, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, in PPRV-infected cells, the expression of p-IRE1α, p-JNK, Bax, and PPRV-N was significantly decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the presence of STF-083010. Conclusions PPRV infection induces ER stress and IRE1 activation, resulting in apoptosis and enhancement of virus replication through IRE1-XBP1s and IRE1-JNK pathways.

BACKGROUND: Amygdala plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of panic disorder (PD), and the amygdala contains different subregions, which may play different roles in PD. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are common or distinct patterns of functional connectivity of the amygdala subregions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and to explore the relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the regions of interest (ROIs) and the clinical symptoms of PD patients. METHODS: Fifty-three drug-naïve, non-comorbid PD patients and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses were conducted using the bilateral amygdalae and its subregions as the ROI seed. Two samples t test was performed for the seed-based Fisher's z -transformed correlation maps. The relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the ROIs and the clinical symptoms of PD patients was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: PD patients showed increased rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae and almost all the amygdala subregions with the precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus compared with the HC group (left amygdala [lAMY]: t  = 4.84, P  <0.001; right amygdala [rAMY]: t  = 4.55, P  <0.001; left centromedial amygdala [lCMA]: t  = 3.87, P  <0.001; right centromedial amygdala [rCMA]: t  = 3.82, P  = 0.002; left laterobasal amygdala [lBLA]: t  = 4.33, P  <0.001; right laterobasal amygdala [rBLA]: t  = 4.97, P  <0.001; left superficial amygdala [lSFA]: t  = 3.26, P  = 0.006). The rsFC of the lBLA with the left angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobule remarkably increased in the PD group ( t  = 3.70, P  = 0.003). And most of the altered rsFCs were located in the default mode network (DMN). A significant positive correlation was observed between the severity of anxiety and the rsFC between the lSFA and the left precuneus in PD patients ( r  = 0.285, P  = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Our research suggested that the increased rsFC of amygdala subregions with DMN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Future studies may further explore whether the rsFC of amygdala subregions, especially with the regions in DMN, can be used as a biological marker of PD.
Humans ; Panic Disorder ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Amygdala ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Comorbidity

Marine fungi are important members of the marine microbiome, which have been paid growing attention by scientists in recent years. The secondary metabolites of marine fungi have been reported to contain rich and diverse compounds with novel structures (Chen et al., 2019). Aspergillus terreus, the higher level marine fungus of the Aspergillus genus (family of Trichocomaceae, order of Eurotiales, class of Eurotiomycetes, phylum of Ascomycota), is widely distributed in both sea and land. In our previous study, the coral-derived A. terreus strain C23-3 exhibited potential in producing other biologically active (with antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activity) compounds like arylbutyrolactones, territrems, and isoflavones, and high sensitivity to the chemical regulation of secondary metabolism (Yang et al., 2019, 2020; Nie et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2021). Moreover, we have isolated two different benzaldehydes, including a benzaldehyde with a novel structure, from A. terreus C23-3 which was derived from Pectinia paeonia of Xuwen, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China.
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism* ; Animals ; Anthozoa/microbiology* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology* ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Signal Transduction

The phytochemical investigation of the stems of Homalium stenophyllum afforded seven new phenolic glycosides (1-5 and 8-9) and two known compounds (6 and 7). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric data and chemical hydrolysis. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory activities against the NO production in LPS-induced macrophages were evaluated.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; RNA, Circular ; RNA, Long Noncoding

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine with phenobarbital sodium in the perioperative period of cataract surgery.

METHODS: A prospective study. Selected 120 cases of patients underwent cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Before surgery, patients were administed dexmedetomidine nasal spray and phenobarbital sodium intramuscularly, respectively. Observed postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale(ISAS), perioperative vital signs and intraocular pressure, intraoperative complications and adverse drug reactions.

RESULTS: Compared with the phenobarbital sodium group, the dexmedetomidine group had lower VAS score and higher ISAS score, more stable intraoperative systolic blood pressure, better reduction of intraoperative intraocular pressure, lower incidence of complications and adverse drug reactions.

CONCLUSION: Compared with phenobarbital sodium, the administration of dexmedetomidine nasal spray in the perioperative period of cataract surgery has beneficial sedative and analgesic effection, which can improve the satisfaction of patients and increase the safety of surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of alterations in the expressions of methyltransferase on protein expression profiles in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and enrich the differential signaling pathways. METHODS: The total protein was extracted from -knockout cell line CNE1 and the wild-type cell line CNE1, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled protein quantification technique and tandem mass spectrometry. GO analysis was used to annotate and enrich the differentially expressed proteins, and the KEGG database was used to enrich and analyze the pathways of the differential proteins. RESULTS: With a fold change (FC)≥1.2 and < 0.05 as the screening standard, 2049 differentially expressed proteins were identified in CNE1 cells, among which 904 were up-regulated and 1145 were down-regulated. GO functional annotation results indicated that knockout caused characteristic changes in multiple biological processes (cell processes and regulation, cell movement, metabolic processes, and biosynthesis of cellular components), molecular functions (catalytic activity and molecular binding, transcription factor activity), and cellular components (cell membrane, organelle, macromolecular complex). KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in an array of signaling pathways closely related to tumors, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, Rap1, mTOR, Hippo, HIF-1, Wnt, AMPK, FoxO, ErbB, P53 and JAK-STAT. CONCLUSIONS knockout significantly changes the protein expression characteristics of NPC cells and affects a number of signal pathways closely related to tumors. The results provide evidence for investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic target screening of NPC.

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine. T. gondii GRA8 is a member of the dense granules protein family and is used as a marker of acute infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination based on a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid, pDsRed2-GRA8, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with the pDsRed2-GRA8 plasmid and then challenged by infection with the highly virulent GFP-RH strain of T. gondii. The specific immune responses and protective efficacy against T. gondii of this vaccine were analyzed by measuring cytokine and serum antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation assays, and the survival times of mice after challenge. Our results showed that mice immunized with pDsRed2-GRA8 demonstrated specific humoral and cellular responses, induced higher IgG antibody titers with predominant IgG2a production; increased levels of IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, TNF-α, and splenocyte proliferation; and prolonged survival times compared to those of control mice. The present study showed that DNA immunization with pDsRed2-GRA8 induced humoral and cellular immune responses, and all immunized mice showed greater Th1-type immune responses and longer survival times than those of control mice. These results indicated that T. gondii GRA8 DNA immunization induces a partial protective effect against acute toxoplasmosis.
Animals ; DNA ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Mice ; Parasites ; Plasmids ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo screen out related microRNAs in keloid tissue, and identify their effect on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts.

METHODS8 cases of keloid tissue and 8 cases of normal skin tissue were collected as specimens. The differently expressed miRNA in keloid tissue from normal skin tissue were screened out with gene chip( Exiqon company), which was validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Then miRNA mimics was transfected into keloid fibroblasts line to stimulate high expression of mature miRNA in cells. The effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts in keloid was tested by Edu.

RESULTS(1) A total of 17 differently expressed microRNAs were found, including miR-199a-5p. (2) The expression of miR-199a-5p had been verified by qRT-PCR to be down-regulated in keloid, which was consistent with the result of array. (3) The positive rate of EdU in miR-199a-5p mimics transfected group and negative control group was (20.72 +/- 2.50)% and (27.68 +/- 4.92)%, respectively. The proliferative rate of keloid fibroblasts turned down in miR-199a-5p-transfected group (t = 2.183, P = 0.047). Besides that, the cell cycle changed after transfection. The percentage of S and G2/M phase in miR-199a-5p mimics transfected group was 33.93 +/- 1.30 and 10.87 +/- 0.80, respectively, while it was 31.39 +/- 0.79 and 9.27 +/- 0.46 in negative control group, and the difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS(1) The miRNA expression profile is different between keloid and normal skin; (2) The expression of miR-199a-5p is down-regulated in keloid and miR-199a-5p can affect the cell cycle and suppress proliferation of keloid fibroblasts. It indicateds that miR-199a-5p may be involved in regulating fibroblastic proliferation.

Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism