ObjectiveTo genotype Oncomelania hupensis， based on microsatellites， in different snail-bearing environments in Jiaxing City， Zhejiang Province， for population genetics analysis in order to explore the reasons and influencing factors for the existence or proliferation of snails and to provide scientific basis for effective monitoring and control of snails. MethodsA total of 90 snail samples from three populations were collected in Yaobang Village （YB） and Sanxing Village （SX） in Pinghu City， and Yunhe Farm （YH） in Xiuzhou District， all were selected for snail checking in key snail habitats of Jiaxing City in 2022. DNA of the snails was genotyped and analyzed for population genetics using nine microsatellite loci. ResultsA total of 84 alleles were observed， and the mean number of alleles （Na） was 7.889， 5.667， and 3.778 for YB， SX， and YH respectively； the number of effective alleles （NeA） was 4.807， 3.329， and 2.294， respectively； and the coefficients of inbreeding （F_IS） were 0.400， 0.377， and 0.493， respectively. Under the Infinite Allele Model （IAM）， the SX and YH might have a recent bottleneck. The NEstimator and LDNe software calculated effective population sizes （Ne） were above 31.9. AMOVA analysis showed that the variation of snails in the three populations mainly existed among individuals， accounting for 41.4% of the total variation. The value of the index of genetic differentiation between populations （F_ST） was 0.286， indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation. The results of the principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree were consistent， and the three populations were divided into two lineages， YB and SX were one lineage， and YH belonged to another independent lineage. Population history and dynamics analysis showed that the gene flow of the three populations was insufficient， population divergence history indicated that YH might have diverged from SX first， and YB was produced by the contact fusion of SX and YH. ConclusionThe genetic diversity of snail populations in Jiaxing City is generally low， and the snail populations are unstable， with a great degree of genetic differentiation and insufficient gene flow among populations. This study can provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the control of the snail as well as monitoring the trend of the spread of the snail.

Abstract Comprehensive sexuality education is an important part of quality education, primary and secondary schools are the most suitable places for sex education. This paper sorts out the current status of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in developed countries after presenting the overall significance of school based sexuality education, and further points out the problems and urgency of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in China. It also put forward the way to new directions for advocacy, including the comphrehensive sexuality education curriculum system, training of sexuality education teachers, the positive and active role of families, as well as social and community support for sexuality education in schools.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative quality of life of donors in living donor renal transplantation patients.Methods One hundred and seventeen donors were involved in present study from 2006-2008.A crosssectional survey was performed with questionnaire research to all the donors who received living donor nephrectomy during this period.The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics,surgical complications,economic status,donors awareness status,family support,the health care,social welfare and daily exercise after surgery.The Chinese version of SF-36 was used as the measurement of quality of life.The statistic analyze include T test,analysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis.Results The donors' mental health status was better than the healthy population (P ＜ 0.05).The difference of quality of life and scores of other dimensions compared with the healthy population was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).In univariate analysis,four kinds of fields such as age,education level,economic status and physical exercise were associated with quality of life.In further multivariate analysis,with exclusion of the interaction between various factors,the main factors for postoperative quality of life are the cultural,economic status and physical activity (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Social and psychological factor should be concerned in donor's preoperative screening.Good social psychological background,the necessary psychological intervention and postoperative follow-up maybe play an important role to improve the postoperative quality of life in living donor renal transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-8 (IL-8) on survival and apoptosis of hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with its mechanisms.
Methods: Hypoxic HUVECs were induced by CoCl2. HUVECs were cultured with different concentrations of CoCl2 or IL-8 and the survival rates of HUVECs were examined. Normal or hypoxic HUVECs were incubated with IL-8 or simultaneously incubated with anti-IL-8 or Akt inhibitor LY294002 for 48h. The HUVECs survival rate was detected by MTT method, apoptosis rate was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI method, the protein expressions of Caspase-3, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and GSK-3βser9 (pGSK-3βser9) were evaluated by Western blot analysis.
Results: By 12 h incubation with low concentration of CoCl2 (50, 100 μmol/L), HUVECs proliferation were improved, P<0.01; while by 24h and 48 h incubation with high concentration of CoCl2 (200, 400 μmol/L) HUVECs survival were decreased. By 48h and 72h incubation with IL-8 at (10, 50, 100 ng/ml), the hypoxia induced cell apoptosis was decreased and the survival was increased,P<0.01. IL-8 at 10 ng/ml may obviously inhibit the normal and hypoxic HUVECs apoptosis, down-regulate caspase-3 and up-regulate pAkt and pGSK-3βser9 expressions in HUVECs,P<0.01, while the above effects could be reversed by LY294002 and anti-IL-8,P<0.01.
Conclusion: IL-8 could down-regulate caspase-3 and up-regulate pAkt and pGSK-3βser9 expressions in HUVECs and therefore, inhibit the apoptosis and improve the survival of hypoxic HUVECs.

Five patients after prosthetic tricuspid valve, who received pacemaker implantation via coronary sinus during Oct, 2011 and Jul, 2014, were enrolled. Pacemakers were implanted via coronary vein in 5 patients without complications. The stimulation thresholds keep stable and symptoms (such as short breath and fatigue) were disappeared during the follow-up. For patients after tricuspid valve replacement, implantation of pacemaker via coronary sinus provides a safe and invasive approach and avoids opening the chest again.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Coronary Sinus ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Tricuspid Valve

Objective To reveal the change trend of malignant tumor after renal transplantation in China based on the epidemiological and clinical features that were publicly reported in China in recent 10 years. Methods The search terms ‘renal transplantation’and ‘tumor’were searched on China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database and China Science Periodical Database to screen out the qualified researches strictly.General conditions,tumor sites and regional differences of malignant tumors were analyzed.Results Fifteen thousand one hundred and twenty cases from nine literatures published from 2003 to 2014 and a single-center experience of renal transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University were screened out.Four hundred and fourty-six cases had malignant tumor after renal transplantation with the total tumor incidence of 2.95% (446 /15 120) and the tumors were mainly urinary system tumors after transplantation (55.8%).Conclusions The total incidence of malignant tumor in renal transplant recipients is 2.95% and the urinary system tumors are most common.Thus,tumor screening after renal transplantation should be taken as the routine examination during follow-up.

Objective To study the anti-tumor immune effect of the dendritic cells (DC) containing a codon optimized HPV16 E6E7 mutation fusion gene(HPV16 omfE6E7).Methods HPV16 omfE6E7 was generated by site-directed mutagenesis at L57G,C113R for the E6 protein and C24G,E26G,C58G for the E7 protein ofHPV16 of E6E7 fusion gene (HPV16 of E6E7),and a DC vaccine (DC-HPV16 omfE6E7E6E7) was constructed by infection of recombinant adenovirus expressing HPV16 omfE6E7E6E7 gene to prime dendritic cells.Results The HPV16 omfE6E7 gene constructed in this work showed a lost in the transformation capability to NIH 3T3 cells.DC vaccine containing HPV16 omfE6E7E6E7 antigen can stimulate specific CTL response,a significant decrease in the rate of tumor formation,and an intensively increase in the survival rate in the immunized mice.Conclusion The result indicated that the DC-HPV16 omfE6E7 vaccine constructed in this study has potential application to immunotherapy of HPV positive cancer.

BACKGROUNDAdvances in transplantation immunology show that the balance between dendritic cells (DCs) and their subsets can maintain stable immune status in the induction of tolerance after transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate if DCs and DC subpopulations in recipient peripheral blood are effective diagnostic indicators of acute rejection following kidney transplantation.

METHODSImmunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to classify white blood cells (WBCs), the levels of mononuclear cells and DCs (including the dominant subpopulations, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and myeloid DC (mDC)) in peripheral blood at 0, 1, 7, and 28 days and 1 year after kidney transplantation in 33 patients. In addition, the blood levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 were monitored before and after surgery. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as normal controls. Patients were undertaking hemodialysis owing to uremia before surgery.

RESULTSThe total number of DCs, pDC, and mDC in peripheral blood and the pDC/mDC ratio were significantly lower in patients than controls (P < 0.05). Peripheral DCs suddenly decreased at the end of day 1, then gradually increased through day 28 but remained below normal levels. After 1 year, levels were higher than before surgery but lower than normal. The mDC levels were higher in patients with acute rejection before and 1 day after surgery (P < 0.005). There was no significant difference in IL-10 and IL-12 levels between patients with and without acute rejection.

CONCLUSIONThe changes in DCs and DC subpopulations during the acute rejection period may serve as effective markers and referral indices for monitoring the immune state, and predicting rejection and reasonably adjusting immunosuppressants.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Myeloid Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To improve the technology of retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy and observe its clinical effect.Methods Forty-one cases of living donors subject to nephrectomy by the new retroperitoneal laparoscopic technique from July 2009 to June 2012 were retrospectively.The new technique was modified as follows: (1) Alternate use of blunt dissection,sharp dissection and harmonic scalpel; (2) After separation of renal vein,artery and ureter,a 5-6 cm incision parallel to rectus abdominis from Trocar was made in order to put a hand inside retroperitoneum; (3) A biopsy of the kidney was made from Trocar with the help of a hand for holding the kidney; (4) Pulling the kidney with a proper strength and blocking renal artery and renal vein with Hem-o-lock,then cutting off them and taking out the kidney.Results Forty-one cases of live donors subject to nephrectomy were operated on successfully,and were not converted to open operation.The operative time was 65-130 min (mean 85 min).The warm ischemia time was 58-110 s (average 78 s).Living donor kidney artery length was 2.1-3.7 cm (average 2.9 cm).Living donor kidney vein length was 2.5-4.1 cm (average 3.5 cm).Blood loss was 15-80 ml (average 28 ml).Hospital stay after surgery was 4-7 days (average 4.8 days).All biopsy specimens were achieved from 41 cases.None suffered from complications except two cases of perilymphorrhea.Forty-one recipients recovered well after renal transplantation.Conclusion The improved retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is considered to be safe,effective and feasible.It is a good way to protect renal function and reduce injury.

Objective To investigate the infection following the lymphocytes deleted agent (ATG) and IL-2 receptor antagonists (Basilixinab and Daclizumab)-based induction therapy after renal trausplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 701 kidney transplant recipients between Jan. 1,2005 to Dec.31,2010.According to exclusive and inclusive criteria,finally 549 patients were evaluated,including 429 patients treated with ATG (ATG group) and 120 patients with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies group; 86 patients with Basiliximab,and 34 patients with Daclizumab).The incidence of acute rejection,infection rate,infection time,hospital stay,severe infection rate and mortality were analyzed.After operation,the patients received an immunosuppression therapy including Tacrolimus (cyclosporine A),Mycophenolate-Mofetil and prednisone to present rejection. Part of the patients were treated with ganciclovir and sulfamethoxazole sulfadiazine and trimethoprim for infection prevention.Results The acute rejection rate in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 15.9％ (68/429) and 10.0％ (12/120),and there was no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The infection rate in ATG group was 11.9％ (51/429),including 13.7％ (7/51) with severe infection,and mortality was 7.8％(4/51).The infection rate was 15.0％ (18/120) in monoclonal antibodies group,including 11.1％ (2/18) with severe infection,and mortality was 5.6％ (1/18).There was no statistically significnat difference in infection rate,severe infection rate and mortality between two groups (P＞0.05).The hospital stay in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 25.8 days and 19.1 days respectively (P＜0.05).Dead cases had not received regular anti-infection treatment,and the patients age was over 50 years.Conclusion The infection risk and mortality between these two induction therapies are identical,but hn comparison to the patients using ATG,the infection of patients using anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies is easier to control.Anti-infection prophylaxis is important to reduce infection rate and decrease infectious mortality.