Objective:To explore the effects of mouth opening breathing for different reasons on children's maxillofacial development. Methods:One hundred and fifty-one children were selected as the research objects of this experiment. They were divided into 49 cases of adenoid hypertrophy group（group A）, 52 cases of tonsillar hypertrophy group（group B） and 50 cases of adenoid with tonsillar hypertrophy group（Group C）. Healthy children in the same period were selected as the control group, a total of 45 cases. The reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters, facial development indexes and cephalometric parameters of group A, group B, group C and control group were analyzed, and the incidence of Angle ClassⅡand Angle Class Ⅲ in group A, group B and group C were studied. Results:Compared with the control group, the reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters in group A, group B and group C was significantly different（P<0.05）, and the cephalometric parameters changed with variation in groups（P<0.05）. The incidence of Angle Class Ⅱ facial pattern in group A and group C was higher, but the incidence of Angle Class Ⅲ facial pattern in group B and group C was higher（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Adenoid hypertrophy leads to mandibular retraction; tonsil hypertrophy leads to anterior mandibular arch; adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy are easy to lead to clockwise rotation of the mandible. In clinical practice, to avoid children's uncoordinated maxillofacial development, we should correct the maxillofacial situation of children as soon as possible.
Child ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Development ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/complications* ; Nasopharynx ; Adenoids ; Palatine Tonsil ; Mouth Breathing/etiology* ; Hypertrophy/complications* ; Mouth

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of terlipressin on refractory ascites (RA) in cirrhosis, and its role and impact on acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial data of 111 hospitalized cases of liver cirrhosis accompanied with RA was collected from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Hubei Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, and People's Hospital of Pudong New Area of Shanghai between March 2015 and March 2017. 26 cases of conventional treatment group (control group) were divided into two subgroups: RA without AKI (RA-NAKI) and RA with AKI (RA-AKI), and each subgroup consisted 13 cases. Patients with bacterial infection were treated with diuretics, albumin supplementation and antibiotics. 85 cases were presented in terlipressin combined treatment group, of which 27 cases were of RA-NAKI and 58 cases were of RA-AKI. Control group was injected terlipressin 1mg of intravenous drip or static push (once q6 h ~ 12 h) for more than 5 days. The treatment duration lasted for 2 weeks with 4 weeks of follow-up. Body weight, 24-hour urine volume, abdominal circumference, mean arterial pressure (MAP), liver and kidney function, anterior hepatic ascites, deepest point of ascites, and ultrasonographic detection of ascites in supine position before treatment, one and two weeks after treatment and 4 weeks after follow-up were compared. Count data were tested by χ ². Samples of four groups at baseline were compared. One-way analysis of variance was used for normal distribution data and Kruskal-Wallis H test for non-normal distribution data. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the difference in efficacy between different time points before and after treatment in the group. The LSD method of one-way ANOVA was used to compare the two groups. A t-test of independent samples was used to compare the efficacy of different time series between the two groups. Mann-Whitney rank- sum test was used to compare the data of non-normal distribution between the two groups. Results: (1) Baseline data were compared among 4 subgroups of terlipressin RA-NAKI and control RA-AKI. Control group age was higher than that of terlipressin group, and the serum creatinine (SCr) of the RA-AKI group was higher than RA-NAKI group, and there was no significant difference in the rest of the baseline data and the combined medication (P > 0.05). (2) An intra-group comparison between control and trelipressin before and after treatment showed that all patients had lower body mass, abdominal circumference and deepest ascites, and higher serum albumin (P < 0.05). 24-hour urine volume and MAP was significantly increased in the terlipressin group, while the pre-ascites, SCr and child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) scores were decreased. Body weight, abdominal circumference, pre-ascites, and deepest ascites of the terlipressin group were decreased, while MAP was increased during the treatment and follow-up periods. The differences were statistically significant when compared with the control group at the same time (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of 24-h urine volume in the terlipressin group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The decrease in SCr and CTP in the terlipressin group after 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow-up was statistically significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Among the two subgroups of RA-AKI and RA-NAKI in the terlipressin group, the baseline SCr value of the former was higher than that of the latter. After treatment, the body weight, abdominal circumference, pre-ascites, deepest ascites and CTP scores were decreased. In the RA-AKI group, 24-hour urine volume, MAP, SCr and serum albumin concentration were significantly increased. The difference between the two subgroups before and after treatment was compared, and the body weight of RA-AKI group at 1, 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow-up was significantly lower than RA-NAKI group, which were (- 2.3 ± 0.2 vs. - 1.5 ± 0.2) kg, (- 4.1 ± 0.2 vs. - 2.6 ± 0.2) kg, (- 4.2 ± 0.3 vs. - 2.4 ± 0.3) kg, respectively. RA-NAKI group urine volume was significantly increased at 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow-up, which was (468 ± 42 vs. 110 ± 131) ml, (272 ± 34 ml vs. 11 ± 112) ml, respectively. SCr reduction (18.3 ± 4.7 vs. 0.9 ± 2.4) µmol/l at 4 weeks of follow-up was apparent in RA-NAKI group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Addition of terlipressin to conventional treatment may significantly increase MAP, 24-h urine volume, improve renal function and promote ascites resolution in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites. Moreover, its combination effect is more obvious in AKI patients, and adverse reactions are mild.

Objective: To investigate the application value of hs-CRP and BNP detection in COPD patients with pulmonary heart disease. Methods: From January 2016 to January 2018, 80 patients with COPD in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong were selected.Forty-two COPD patients complicated with pulmonary heart disease were selected as COPD and cor pulmonale group, 38 COPD patients without pulmonary heart disease were selected as COPD group, and 30 healthy volunteers were selected as control group.The differences of hs-CRP and BNP levels were compared, and the diagnostic value of hs-CRP and BNP for COPD combined with pulmonary heart disease was analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in hs-CRP[(72.5±20.4) mg/L vs.(37.5±9.8) mg/L vs.(3.7±1.2)mg/L], BNP[(362.8±86.9) ng/L vs.(125.9±34.8) ng/L vs.(28.5±9.9)ng/L] among the COPD and cor pulmonale group, COPD group and control group (F=9.245, 14.668, all P<0.05). The hs-CRP and BNP levels in the COPD and cor pulmonale group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(t=19.294, 11.576, 21.385, 9.258, 9.258, all P<0.05), which of the COPD group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=8.912, 12.567, all P<0.05). The best boundary value of BNP in diagnosis of COPD with cor pulmonale was 261.8ng/L, and its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96.2% and 85.4%, respectively, the area under the line was 0.834, which were all higher than those of hs-CRP.With the increase of cardiac function, the levels of hs-CRP[(38.5±10.3) mg/L vs.(51.4±14.8) mg/L vs.(75.1±21.5) mg/L vs.(93.7±31.8)mg/L], BNP[(142.8±56.5) ng/L vs.(285.9±94.8) ng/L vs.(352.5±118.2) ng/L vs.(478.5±130.3)ng/L] increased, the differences were statistically significant (F=13.577, 16.776, all P<0.05). There were significant correlation between hs-CRP, BNP levels and COPD patients complicated with cor pulmonale (r=0.675, 0.766, all P<0.05). Conclusion hs-CRP and BNP have high diagnostic potency for COPD patients combined with cor pulmonale, and are positively correlated with cardiac function classification.

Objective: To explore the key technique and outcome of transoral radiofrequency ablation microsurgery for early stage of glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement (ACI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients, who were diagnosed as early stage glottic carcinoma during January 2010 to March 2016 in ENT Department. According to whether the anterior commissure was involved or not, two groups were divided. There were eleven cases with ACI (stages T1a, T1b, and T2). Twenty cases without ACI (stages Tis, T1a, and T2). All the patients received transoral radiofrequency ablation microsurgery and followed up closely.Only one case received radiotheraphy after surgery. SPSS19.0 software was used to analyze data. Results: The follow-up time was 12-67 months, and the median follow-up time was 30 months. Nine among 11 cases with ACI obtained good oncologic outcomes, initial local recurrence was identified in 2/11 cases, including 2 cases of T2. Two cases ultimately required salvage total laryngectomy. Meanwhile, initial local recurrence was identified in 2/20 cases without ACI, including 1 case of T1a and 1 case of T2. One case underwent elective neck dissection, and another one received salvage total laryngectomy.Compared to the patients without ACI, it seemed that the cases with ACI always accomponied with a little higher initial local recurrence and lower overall laryngealpreservation, but the difference had no significance (P>0.05). Conclusions Transoral radiofrequency ablation microsurgery is an effective treatment for glottic carcinoma with ACI. Its advantages, such as more flexibility and deformability, make it more feasible to operate at the narrow space of anterior commissure assisted with laryngeal endoscopy.Good oncologic outcomes can be obtained by this technique with lower initial local recurrence as well as higher overall laryngeal preservation rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of damage control surgery (DCS) in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with multiple extremity fractures.Methods The clinical data of 128 patients with severe craniocerebral injury[Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scored 3-8] combined with multiple extremity fractures admitted from May 2011 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed by case-control study.There were 81 males and 47 females,with an average age of 37.3 years (range,19-77 years).The patients were treated with intracranial pressure monitoring in addition to the common administration.The patients were subdivided into two groups:87 patients treated with DCS concept as damage control group and 41 patients treated with non-DCS routine concept as control group.The DCS group received craniotomy and fracture fixation operation in stage Ⅰ with selective operation of open reduction and internal fixation.The control group received craniotomy and open reduction and internal fixation in stage Ⅰ.The postoperative intracranial pressure,operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay and prognosis [Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)] were analyzed statistically.Results No intracranial infection was found in all patients during the treatment process.In damage control group,the postoperative intracranial pressure was normal in 44 cases (51％),which was significantly better than that in control group [8 cases (20％)] (P ＜ 0.05).In damage control group,operation duration [(150.1 ± 12.4)minutes],intraoperative blood loss [(270.6 ± 15.3)ml],and hospital stay [(29.7 ± 9.3) days] were significantly shortened compared with control group,whose operation duration,intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were (270.6 ± 9.8) minutes,(460.2 ± 17.5) ml,and (34.4 ± 6.2) days,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The GOS rating of damage control group (70％) was notably higher than that in control group (42％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with multiple extremity fractures,the application of DCS contributes to control of postoperative intracranial pressure,which can also shorten the duration of hospitalization and improve prognosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of fire-needle therapy in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis, and to observe the changes of pain score and the motor function of shoulder joint. Method Totally 180 patients were randomized into a fire-needle therapy group of 90 cases and a filiform needle group of 90 cases by randomized single-blinded method. Result There were significant differences between the two groups in comparing the recovery rate, motor function of shoulder joint, and the relapse rate 30 d after the whole intervention (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and total effective rate (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared to filiform needle therapy, fire-needle therapy can produce a better recovery rate and motor function of shoulder joint in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis.

Objective To analyze the differential protein expression of three negative breast cancer tissue before and after menopause application of iTRAQ technology, to explore the effects of menopause on three negative breast cancer. Methods Selected premenopausal and postmenopausal women with 8 cases in each by negative pathological diagnosis, differential protein analysis on significant function, difference of protein pathway and difference of protein verify were analyzed by the application iTRAQ technology. Results (1﹚Differential protein interactome was relatively centralized premenopausal, and postmenopausal differences of protein was much, and the distribution of the dispersed. (2﹚In pre menopausal cancer tissue protein differences existed in 5 of the significant difference in differences approach; post-menopausal cancer tissue protein existsed in 15 significantly different pathways. (3﹚Tumor adjacent tissues compared with premenopausal had a total of 214 significant difference proteins, postmenopausal had a total of 360 significant differ-ence proteins. The upregul ated proteins in 81 kinds of premenopausal three negative breast cancer tissues, 133 down regμl ated proteins, postmenopausal up-regμl ated protein 157 types, down 203. Conclusion Using iTRAQ technology to found that the expression has a certain particμl arity differences in three negative breast cancer before and after menopause, indicate three negative breast cancer may have different pathogenesis in the different estrogen environment, may be a new target for treatment of TNBC.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring in treatment of severe craniocerebral trauma with high intracranial pressure.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on forty cases of severe craniocerebral trauma with GCS score of 3-5 undergone bilateral decompressive craniectomy from October 2010 to January 2012.The patients were divided into three groups:Group A (12 cases received craniotomy after the placement of ventricular intracranial pressure probe) ; Group B (15 cases had craniotomy ahead of the probe placement) ; control group (13 cases had probe placement alone).Intracranial pressure control,dose and duration of administration of dehydrator and prognosis were compared among groups.Results Groups A and B showed a better result in aspects of controlling intracranial pressure within 15 mm Hg,dose and duration of mannitol treatment,and prognosis,as compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,Group A had seven cases of severe disability or in vegetable state,but only three cases in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring can effectively reduce intracranial pressure,raise treatment success rate and decline the use of mannitol in management of severe craniocerebral trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAHS) syndrome in children. METHOD: (1) According to medical history, physical signs, skin-prick test, serum sIgE, endoscopic examination and polysomnography, the incidence of allergic rhinitis was confirmed in 574 cases of childhood obstructive sleeping apnea-hypopnea syndrome in our hospital between July in 2008 to June in 2010. (2) Effects of anti-allergic drugs were observed on 78 children with OSAHS and allergic rhinitis meanwhile. RESULT: (1) 258 cases of allergic rhinitis were confirmed in 574 cases of OSAHS, accounting for 44.9% of the OSAHS cases and 50.4% of all cases of allergic rhinitis during the same period. Most of them were perennial allergic rhinitis (223 cases, 86.4%), and 72.5% of them were aroused by fungal allergen. Compared with other allergen, statistically significant difference was found (P < 0.05). (2) After receiving anti-allergic drugs regularly for 3 weeks, 40 cases suffering from mild and moderate OSAHS and allergic rhinitis, 3 cases out of 38 cases suffering from serious OSAHS and allergic rhinitis showed satisfactory results, while other cases had little improvement. CONCLUSION Allergic rhinitis is closely related to childhood OSAHS, and perennial allergic rhinitis dominates. The most common allergen is fungal allergen, the second is house and flour dust mites. So for patients of mild and moderate OSAHS with allergic rhinitis, regular anti-allergic drugs can lighten OSAHS effectively and may make patients avoid surgery. Severe OSAHS cases can receive surgical intervention if prior anti allergic therapy fails. Anti allergic therapy should be adopted routinely after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in case of hypopnea due to hypertrophy of inferior turbinate or tubal torus in allergic rhinitis.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; pathology ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; pathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; Turbinates ; pathology