Objective: To investigate the trend in incidence of stroke in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the integrated strategy for stroke control. Methods: The data of stroke morbidity in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 were collected through Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management System. The incidence of stroke was calculated, and standardized by the population of the Chinese Sixth National Census in 2010. The trends in stroke incidence were evaluated in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), and gender-, age- and subtype-specific incidence of stroke was descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 30 377 cases with stroke were reported in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with a crude incidence rate of 190.45/105 and a standardized incidence rate of 405.65/105. The crude incidence rate of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 (APC=5.38%, t=4.678, P=0.001), and a higher crude incidence rate of stroke was seen among men than among women (227.57/105 vs. 148.40/105; χ2=1 309.580, P<0.001). The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend =435.717, P<0.001), and there was a tendency towards a rise in stroke incidence among residents under 40 years of age (APC=2.89%, t=2.538, P=0.029). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was 151.24/105, which was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke (39.21/105) (χ2=10 521.000, P<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype of stroke. Males and middle-aged and elderly residents should be given a high priority for stroke prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Penehyclidine is a newly developed anticholinergic agent. We aimed to investigate the role of penehyclidine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (OP) patients. METHODS: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature (CBM) and Wanfang databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting acute OP patients were identified for meta-analysis. Main outcomesincluded cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, time to 60% normal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) level, rate of intermediate syndrome (IMS) and rate of adverse drug reactions (ADR). RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs involving 1,334 patients were identified. Compared with the atropine-or penehyclidine-alone groups, atropine combined with penehyclidine significantly increased the cure rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.97 vs. 0.86, RR 1.13, 95% CI [1.07–1.19]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.93 vs. 0.80, RR 1.08, 95% CI [1.01–1.15]) and reduced the mortality rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.015 vs. 0.11, RR 0.17, 95% CI [0.06–0.49]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.13 vs. 0.08, RR 0.23, 95% CI [0.04–1.28]). Atropine combined with penehyclidine in OP patients also helped reduce the time to atropinization and AchE recovery, the rate of IMS and the rate of ADR. Compared with a single dose of atropine, a single dose of penehyclidine also significantly elevated the cure rate, reduced times to atropinization, AchE recovery, and rate of IMS. CONCLUSION Atropine combined with penehyclidine benefits OP patients by enhancing the cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, AchE recovery, IMS rate, total ADR and duration of hospitalization. Penehyclidine combined with atropine is likely a better initial therapy for OP patients than atropine alone.

Objective To use World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) to explore the framework and approaches of development and research of guidelines of rehabilitation at levels of policies, community and services.Methods The important documents and tools of rehabilitation at international level, including United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, WHO World Report on Disability, Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline, Rehabilitation in Health Service System, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHI) of WHO-FICs, had been discussed.Results The framework, classifications, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, coding, intervention and functioning evaluation based on ICD-11, ICF and ICHI-β-2 had been established for development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines and Cochrane rehabilitation.Conclusion The framework and systematic approaches of ontology, classification, terminology, coding, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, interventions and evaluations for the development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines had been developed.

AIM: To study the role of xylometazoline hydrochloride nasal spray in combination therapy of nasolacrimal duct obstruction and to investigate the effect of nasal inflammation on nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: Totally 279 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were collected, who received lacrimal passage irrigation, CT angiography for lacrimal passage and nasal endoscope before treated by lacrimal laser forming and artificial nasolacrimal duct implantation combined with xylometazoline hydrochloride nasal spray. In group A, 137 patients were treated with antibiotic eye drop and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after operations. In group B, 142 patients were treated with xylometazoline hydrochloride nasal spray besides the same treatment for group A.

RESULTS:In the 279 patients 217(77.8%), in which 105 cases(76.6%)were in group A and 112 cases(78.9%)were in group B, were suffered with nasal inflammation, including nasal mucosal hyperemia, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, middle turbinate hypertrophy. At 3mo after the ducts were drawn, efficacy of group B was 95.8%, which was significant better than that of group A(86.1%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Nasal inflammation was an important factor in the incidence of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, which shoud pay more attention in the process of diagnosis and treatment. Combination therapy could improve the cure rate of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Traditional resin-based composites have been placed in cavities by incremental layering technique. The shrinkage stress may result in microleakage, post-operative sensitivity which lead to the failed restorations. In 2009, bulk-fill resin-based composites were reported to have the capability to be placed and cured in 4-5 mm increments, because of the improved resin matrix, modified nano-hybrid fillers and new photo initiators. This group of materials can simplify operation in clinical application in addition to decrease shrinkage stress and polymerization shrinkage. The aim of this review is to summarize the classification and properties of bulk-fill resin-based composites and to discuss the development of these new materials in the future.

Long-term stability is an important part of orthodontic treatment and wearing a retainer is one of the methods to keep stable after active orthodontic treatment. Transparent film retainer and Hawley retainer are two kinds of retainer usually used in clinical treatment. the previous one is easy to made, comfortable and beautiful to wear, easily damaged. Hawley retainer is relatively complex to made and in a large size. And it is durable and adjustable. However, there are differences between these retainers on the retaining effects in different types of malocclusion. In clinical treatment, according to the type of malocclusion, we choose the appropriate retainer to keep stable occlusal relationship after orthodontic treatment.