Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of the effect of the histone methylase zeste gene enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hypertrophic cardiomyocytes AC16.Methods:The AC16 hypertrophic cardiomyocyte model was constructed by adding angiotensin Ⅱ to the AC16 cell culture medium. The cells were divided into four groups, including the blank control group, the angiotensin Ⅱ group, the empty vector + angiotensin Ⅱ group, and the EZH2 overexpression + angiotensin Ⅱ group. The expression levels of EZH2 and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) genes were measured using fluorescent quantitative PCR. The EZH2, trimethylation of lysine at position 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), and BNP proteins expression were detected by Western Blot. The MTS method was used to detect the proliferation of AC16 cell. The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was used to detect the apoptosis of AC16 cell. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the angiotensin Ⅱ group were decreased, the expression level of BNP was increased, cell proliferation was decreased, and apoptosis was increased (all P < 0.001). Compared with the empty vector + angiotensin Ⅱ group, the expression levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the EZH2 overexpression + angiotensin Ⅱ group were increased, the expression level of BNP was decreased, the cell proliferation level was increased, and the apoptosis level was decreased (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the angiotensin Ⅱ group and the empty vector + angiotensin Ⅱ group (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Histone methylase EZH2 has an effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of AC16 cell, providing a reference for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy and revealing the exact pathogenesis of myocardial hypertrophy.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the efficacy, experience and follow-up results of 300 cases of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) intervened by arterial switch operation.Methods:It was a retrospective, single-center study involving 300 TGA patients intervened by arterial switch operation between January 2010 and December 2017 in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.There were 236 male patients and 64 females.Among them, 128 cases (42.7%) were TGA with ventricular septal defect (TGA/VSD), and 172 cases (57.3%) were TGA with intact ventricular septal defect (TGA/IVS). The mean age and weight at operation were (23.8±39.2) cases days, and (3.5±0.8) kg, respectively.There were 193 cases (64.3%) with usual coronary artery patterns, and 107 cases (35.7%) with unusual coronary artery patterns.Among the 107 cases with unusual coronary artery patterns, 21 cases (7.0%) were involved with the intramural coronary artery, and 17 (5.7%) presented the single-ostium coronary pattern.Non normal distribution data were used the Mann- Whitney U test.Categorical measures were compared by Chi- square test or Fisher′ s exact test.Survival probability and freedom from events were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and difference in survival probability by the Log Rank test. Results:All patients were successfully intervened by arterial switch operation, 73.3% of patients with TGA/IVS underwent the surgery within 3 weeks after birth, and 85.9% of patients with TGA/VSD underwent surgery within 3 months.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic occlusion time were (193±68) min, and (122±39) min, respectively.Twenty-five patients (8.3%) died in hospital.Thirty cases had low cardiac output syndrome, 1 implanted with a permanent pacemaker due to complete atrioventricular block.A total of 254 patients were followed up for 1 month to 10 years.Three patients with single-ostium coronary pattern died at the follow-up period.The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were both 90.7%.During the follow-up, 49 cases (49/254 cases, 19.3%) had pulmonary artery stenosis, 66 cases (66/254 cases, 26.0%) had aortic valve regurgitation, 47 cases (47/254 cases, 18.5%) had pulmonary valve regurgitation, and 4 (4/254 cases, 1.6%) had aortic anastomotic stenosis.Among the 21 patients (21/254 cases, 8.3%) requiring reintervention, 17 patients (17/254 cases, 6.7%) underwent a total of 18 reinterventions, including 12 interventions of pulmonary artery plasty, 4 of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, 1 of aortic reconstruction at anastomosis and 1 of pacemaker exchange due to battery exhaustion.Conclusions:Arterial switch operation is the optimal treatment for TGA.The long-term follow-up results of arterial switch operation are satisfactory in TGA children, with a low risk of long-term reoperation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Scimitar syndrome.Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 13 children with scimitar syndrome from January 2013 to November 2020, including clinical symptoms, chest X-ray, echocardiography, cardiac CT and cardiac catheterization prognosis and follow-up.Results:13 children with scimitar syndrome were diagnosed, including 7 girls and 6 boys with a average age of 17 months(21 days to 10 years).3 cases <5 kg in weight. Ten patients presented with the infantile form and 3 with the adult form of scimitar syndrome. 13 infantile form had lower respiratory tract infections, heart failure, and growth retardation, of which 8 cases were with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. 3 adult form were diagnosed because of heart murmur. 12 cases had coexisting cardiac lesions, including 12 atrial septal defect, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 1 right ventricular double outlet/ventricular septal defect, 4 right lung and right pulmonary artery dysplasia, 2 right lung dysplasia, 6 additional systemic arterial supply to the right lung. Ten patients had pulmonary venous drainage correction surgery, one patient only underwent right ventricular double-outlet correction, three patients died of severe pulmonary hypertension; one patient lost the opportunity of surgery due to obstructive pulmonary hypertension, and one patient was complicated by nervous system The disease gave up treatment. One corrected case was stenosed during discharge and 2 corrected children became stenotic during follow-ups.Conclusion:Found with the median or dextrocardial heart, recurrent respiratory infections, or unexplained pulmonary hypertension, the possibility of scimitar syndrome should be considered. The combination of echocardiography and cardiac CTA can confirm the diagnosis as soon as possible. The risk factors for mortality included infantile form and severe preoperative pulmonary hypertension. Long-term follow-up is still required after operation, and surgical intervention is required again if necessary.

Objective:To explore the effect of flipped classroom combined with scenario simulation in the teaching reform on four basic medical puncture techniques of clinical skills training.Methods:A total of 1 275 students majoring in five-year clinical medicine in Guangzhou Medical University were enrolled in the study. The control group (647 cases from Batch 2015) were given the traditional teaching pattern and the experimental group (628 cases from Batch 2016) adopted flipped classroom combined with scenario simulation. At the end of the course, the performance in the tests of four basic medical puncture techniques in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of the two groups were compared. The feedback and evaluation of this teaching mode in the experimental group were investigated by questionnaires. SPSS 19.0 was used for independent samples t test. Results:All the scores of the tests of four basic medical puncture techniques in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group: abdominocentesis [(87.89±7.13) vs. (82.60±10.74) points], thoracocentesis [(85.20±7.39) vs. (81.96±7.76) points], bone marrow aspiration [(88.13±6.00) vs. (83.50±9.63) points], and lumbar puncture [(91.91±7.19) vs. (80.74±12.20) points], with significant differences ( P<0.001). The results about the feedback and evaluation in the experimental group showed that the students gave an average score of 8.4 points to their satisfaction with the new teaching mode. The approval rates of the teaching effect evaluation items such as teaching arrangement, improving learning ability, improving clinical practice ability and school promotion were higher than 90.0%. Conclusion:Flipped classroom combined with scenario simulation, which is worthy to be popularized, can not only improve the students' performance in the tests of four basic medical puncture techniques in the OCSE, but also improve teaching satisfaction and teaching effect.

This article analyzes the main problems of the teaching of chronic complications of diabetes in clinical medical undergraduates,such as low learning enthusiasm,poor absorption and internalization of knowledge,and no enough attention to the harm of chronic complications of diabetes.To solve such problems,this article puts forward the simulated experience teaching method which can be used in the teaching of chronic complications of diabetes during clinical practice.Students can experience the symptoms of chronic complications of diabetes by wearing models of chronic complications under the teacher's guidance.This teaching method can enhance students' subjective initiative and acquisition and absorption rates of knowledge,cultivate empathy,and improve their medical humanistic quality.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the inhibitory effect and potential mechanism of Brucein D （BD） combined with Taxol on the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer Capan-2 cells. METHODS： Using Capan-2 cells as object， the proliferations after treated with BD （5， 10， 15， 20 μmol/L）， Taxol （10， 20， 30， 40 nmol/L） and BD+Taxol （5 μmol/L+10 nmol/L， 10 μmol/L+20 nmol/L， 15 μmol/L+30 nmol/L， 20 μmol/L+40 nmol/L） for 48 h were determined by sulfonyl rhodamine B method. Survival rate of cells and combination index （CI） were calculated. The clone formation assay was performed to detect the formation of clonal colonies after treated with BD （20 μmol/L，hereinafter）， Taxol （40 nmol/L，hereinafter）、BD+Taxol （20 μmol/L+40 nmol/L，hereinafter） for 24 h. The rate of clone formation was calculated. DAPI method was used to observe the apoptosis of cells after treated with BD， Taxol and BD+Taxol for 24 h. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related protein （Bcl-2， PARP， Caspase-3， Cleaved-caspase-3） after treated by BD， Taxol， BD+Taxol for 48 h and the expression of JNK and p-JNK after treated by BD， Taxol， BD+Taxol for 4， 6， 12 h. RESULTS： After treated with 10， 15 and 20 μmol/L BD， 20， 30 and 40 nmol/L Taxol or two-drug combination for 48 h， survival rates of cells were decreased significantly； the survival rate of drug combination group was significantly lower than the same dose of BD group and Taxol group （P＜0.05）. CI values of drug combination groups （BD 5 μmol/L+Taxol 10 nmol/L， BD 10 μmol/L+Taxol 20 nmol/L， BD 15 μmol/L+Taxol 30 nmol/L， BD 20 μmol/L+Taxol 40 nmol/L） were 0.63±0.04， 0.68±0.08， 0.89±0.12 and 0.84±0.05. After treated with 20 μmol/L BD， 40 nmol/L Taxol and two-drug combination， the formation of clonal colonies was decreased with different degrees of chromatin concentration and nuclear shrinkage； the rate of clone formation （24 h）， the expression of Bcl-2 （48 h）， PARP （48 h）， Caspase-3 （48 h） and JNK （4， 6 h， except for Taxol group） were decreased significantly， while the relative expression of Cleaved-caspase-3 （48 h） and p-JNK （4， 6， 12 h） were increased significantly. Those of BD+Taxol group were significantly better than those of BD group and Taxol group [except for JNK （4， 6， 12 h）， p-JNK （4 h）] （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Both BD and Taxol can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer Capan-2 cells， and the combination have a certain synergistic effect， which is better than any single drug. It may be associated with activating Caspase pathway and JNK phosphorylation.

To systematically collect the relative literatures about'internal heat'caused by taking ginseng, to summarize and analyze the scientific definition of'internal heat'according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and modern mechanism research. Through literature review, this article also analyzed and discussed the theory of'fire'based on the view of TCM, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry. It has been reported that the excessive and improper use of ginseng might lead'internal heat'. According to TCM theory, excessive nourishment of Qi will lead the generation speed of Qi faster than Blood, which will then cause'fire'. Modern researches indicated that the overdose or improper use of ginseng increased the levels of interleukin, dopamine, adrenal-cortical hormone as well as other biomarkers, which would then cause insomnia, oral ulcer, nose bleeding and other symptoms. Researchers indicated that ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rg1, dencichine as well as panoxadiol, panoxatriol and other secondary ginseng saponin would cause'fire'.However, the conclusion about mechanism study on'fire'was conflicting. The changes on biochemical index caused by the main active components from ginseng are very similar to which caused by'fire'. The chemical substances and their mechanisms on'fire'after the treatment of ginseng still need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of cooperation of doctors and nurses in the nutritional support of critically ill patients, and provide the basis for future improve the physician-nurse collaboration in the nutritional support. Methods Doctors and nurses who from ICU in Soochow were investigated by the Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale (NPCS). Results The doctors′score of physician-nurse collaboration in the nutritional support of critically ill patients was 87.42 ±15.73, which was significantly higher than 80.97 ± 13.80 the nurses′(t=3.279, P= 0.001).In addition, under the item 1, 3, 5 in the dimension one as well as the total items in the dimensions two and three, the doctors′score was similarly higher than the nurses, and the differences are also statistically significant (Z=-3.894--1.964, all P<0.01 or 0.05). Technical titles, educational level and age was significantly related to the cooperative level between doctors and nurses respectively (χ2=11.037, P=0.012;F=3.488, P=0.037; F=3.499, P=0.016). Conclusions Doctors have higher levels of perceived collaboration than nurses in the nutritional support of critically ill patients, while both require further improvement. We should highlight the physician-nurse collaboration in feeding critically ill patients, and should improve the nutrition quality through standardized process management and active team cooperation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the indications,findings,interventions of fibrobronchoscopy(FB) in neonates and their correlative diseases with neonatal FB results and clinical data.Methods Retrospective case series of 243 consecutive patients of 28 days old or younger were investigated underwent FB for the first time from January 2010 to December 2014,at a tertiary care hospital.The common indications for FB and detection rate of respiratory tract diseases were collected.If the findings of FB had significant associations with premature birth and other diseases were analyzed.Associations between interventions and basic illnesses were also analyzed.Results Of the 243 patients undergoing 275 procedures of FB,201 cases were boys(73.1％).The age of FB was (13.34 ± 9.76) days and the weight was (3.08 ± 0.68) kg.Forty-five cases were premature infants (16.4％).A total of 254 procedures were found to have congenital diseases (92.4％),and 177 cases of them had congenital heart diseases (CHD) (64.4％).Common indications for FB were dyspnea(140 cases,50.9％),tachypnea(82 cases,29.8％),and stridor(71 cases,25.8％).A total of 188 upper airway lesions were found and the most common findings were laryngomalacia(56 cases,20.4％) and vocal cord paralysis(bilateral/unilateral,50 cases,18.2％).A total of 315 lower airway lesions were found and the most common findings were airway mucosal inflammation (98 cases,35.6％),trachea and main bronchial stenosis (73 cases,26.5 ％).A total of 21 cases (7.6％) underwent supraglottoplasty during or after FB,while 17 cases (6.2％) underwent tracheal dilation and 10 cases (3.6％) underwent tracheotomy.Compared with non-CHD neonates,neonates with CHD were statistically significantly less likely to have congenital lesions statistically,such as laryngomalacia(15.8％ vs.28.6％,P =0.012),bilateral vocal cord lesions(6.2％ vs.21.4％,P =0.000) and congenital laryngeal dysplasia(0 vs.7.1％,P =0.001).The tracheotomy(0 vs.10.2％,P =0.000) and supraglottoplasty(2.3％ vs.17.3％,P =0.000) were more rare.Nevertheless,they were more likely to have secondary lesions such as the left main bronchial stenosis caused by extrinsic compression (23.7％ vs.1.0％,P =0.000),abnormal bronchial anatomy(9.6％ vs.2.0％,P =0.018),left vocal cord paralysis(9.0％ vs.1.0％,P =0.008) and airway mucosal inflammation(41.8％ vs.24.5％,P =0.004).The tracheostenosis and main broncial stenosis (37.3％ vs.7.1％,P =0.000) with long-term intubation(78.5％ vs.58.2％,P =0.000) were more common.There was no significant difference between term neonates and premature infants in the detection rate of respiratory tract diseases (P ＞ 0.05),tracheotomy (0 vs.4.3 ％,P =0.322),supraglottoplasty (13.3 ％ vs.6.5 ％,P =0.205) or long-term i ntubation (80.0％ vs.69.6％,P =0.157).Complications caused by procedure were rare and mild.Conclusions FB can detect whether the neonates with dyspnea,tachypnea and stridor have laryngomalacia,vocal cord paralysis,airway mucous edema,tracheal and main bronchial stenosis and other signs,and FB may play an important role in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of neonatal respiratory diseases.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes.Methods Using data retrieved from Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,all patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from Jan.1,2001 to Dec.31,2007 were identified.The patients were divided into fulminant type 1 diabetes (F1D) group,typical type 1 diabetes (T1A) group,and idiopathic type 1 diabetes(T1B) group.Their clinical features were compared.Results Eight patients (9.1%) fulfilled the criteria for fulminant type 1 diabetes among 87 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes,and the percentage of fulminant type 1 diabetes reached 14.0% among type 1 diabetic patients with age of onset of 18 years or older.Patients of F1D group had a markedly higher plasma glucose concentration compared with patients of T1A group and T1B group(P=0.004).Serum amylase was higher in F1D group than that in T1A group(P = 0.021).Four (50%) patients were GADA positive,among whom 1 patient was Coxsackie B virus (CVB) IgM positive and 1 patient was Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV1) IgM positive.Conclusions Fulminant type 1 diabetes accounts for about 10% of the type 1 diabetes in the Chinese individuals with ketosis-or ketoacidosis-onset.Patients with this subset of diabetes had severe metabolic derangement.Viral infection and autoimmunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes.