ObjectiveThis study explores the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Wujiwan in rats with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） from the perspectives of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） signaling pathway and T-cell immunity， providing reference for the treatment of IBD with traditional Chinese medicine. MethodThe study involved administering 2，4，6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid （TNBS） enemas to 35 rats to induce acute IBD. After 24 hours， the animals were divided into the following groups： normal group， model group， Wujiwan treatment group， and positive drug control group. Each group received gastric gavage for 8 consecutive days before the rats were dissected to compare the disease activity index （DAI） of the rat colon tissue， the colon mucosal damage index （CMDI）， and the spleen index. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of T-bet （T-box expressed in T cells） and Gata3 （Gata-binding protein-3） in the colon tissue. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the protein expression levels of PPARγ， T-bet， and nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the rat colon. ResultThe rat model of IBD was successfully established. Compared with the model group， the Wujiwan treatment group showed reduced DAI， CMDI， and spleen index， decreased content of TNF-α in the serum（P<0.01）， significantly increased content of IL-10（P<0.01）， and elevated mRNA content of T-bet and Gata3（P<0.05） in the colon tissue. The expression of PPARγ protein was augmented（P<0.05）， and the expression of T-bet and NF-κB p65 protein was decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionWujiwan activates or upregulates PPARγ expression in IBD rats to inhibit the generation of pro-inflammatory factors， participates in the inflammatory immune process， and alleviates inflammatory reactions. Its mechanism may involve regulating the NF-κB pathway through PPARγ， enhancing Th2 cell transcription expression， and reducing Th1 cell transcription.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of application in China and has consistently played a vital role in treating diseases and saving lives. TCM prescriptions （compounds） constitute the primary form of clinical TCM treatment and significantly differ from western medicine （chemicals） due to the diverse composition and chemical constituents of TCM （compounds）. Nevertheless， the potential multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway action characteristics of TCM prescriptions also demonstrate their possible （complementary） therapeutic advantages when compared with single-component chemical drugs. Therefore， driven by the development of modern science and technology and the demands of the modernization and internationalization of TCM， modern theories regarding the complexity of TCM prescription effects have been continuously proposed： Different from the abstract language of traditional prescription theory， the modern TCM prescription theory is more inclined to illustrate the connotation of prescription compatibility concretely and vividly from an experimental and scientific perspective. In this paper， new theories on the complexity of TCM prescriptions proposed in recent years are summarized to provide research references and ideas for the greater role of TCM prescriptions and a better scientific understanding.

Background:The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods:A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results:Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions:The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.

Objective:To investigate the role of TiRobot combined with O-arm assisted closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in unstable pelvic fracture surgery.Methods:Twelve patients with unstable pelvic fractures, 7 males and 5 females, aged 39.41±12.56 years (range 25-60 years), admitted from January 2020 to January 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The duration between injury and surgery was 9.67±5.81 d (range 4-24 d). The following are the causes of injury, namely traffic injury in 6 cases, fall from height injury in 4 cases, crush injury in 2 cases. Tile type of pelvic fractures were 3 cases of type B (2 cases of type B2, 1 case of type B3), 9 cases of type C (4 cases of type C1, 3 cases of type C2, 2 cases of type C3). Sacral fractures with Denis division were 5 cases of zone I, 7 cases of zone II. Seven patients were repositioned by intraoperative traction on the injured side of the limb and maintained by fixation with a Starr frame. Two cases were repositioned by intraoperative longitudinal bone traction on each lower limb for fracture displacement. The other 3 B-type fractures were repositioned by inserting Schanz nails into the anterior inferior iliac spine bilaterally. Then, the fractures were maintained with external pelvic fixators. The fractures were assessed by O-arm fluoroscopy. Hollow screws were placed with the aid of orthopedic robotic guidance, and the screw positions were verified by O-arm fluoroscopy again after the nail placement. The duration of each screw placement and operation were recorded. The quality of fracture repositioning, hip function and postoperative complications were observed at the follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 8.17±1.99 months (range, 6-12 months). There were 27 screws inserted in 12 patients, with a single screw insertion duration of 19.9±1.8 min (range, 9-31 min). In all patients, one O-arm fluoroscopy was performed in each row after closed reduction and after completion of nail placement. The operative duration was 257.78±80.63 min (range, 160-450 min). The O-arm fluoroscopy after nail placement verified that 23 screws were placed in a satisfactory position at one time, with satisfactory rate of 85% (23/27) for the first nail placement. Two patients with preoperative grade II sacral plexus nerve injury recovered to grade I in one case and grade II in one case. However, the numbness was reduced after operation. No further aggravation of nerve injury occurred after surgery. The quality of fracture repositioning was evaluated according to the Matta score, including excellent in 9 cases, good in 2 cases, and acceptable in 1 case, with an excellent rate of 92% (11/12). At the last follow-up, the Majeed pelvic fracture quantitative assessment system scored 85.75±5.82 (range, 74-96). There were 8 cases in excellent and 4 cases in good. Twelve patients had one-stage wound healing. No complications, such as incision infection, nerve injury, loosening and breaking of the internal fixation occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion:TiRobot combined with O-arm assisted closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation for unstable pelvic fractures has some advantages, including safety, precision, convenient nail placement, and less fluoroscopic radiation.

Objective:To investigate the surgical strategy of posterior correction of cervicothoracic scoliosis in children and adolescents, and to analyze the curative effect of surgical correction.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 14 patients with cervicothoracic scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment in the department of spine surgery of our hospital from January 2014 to June 2020, including 9 female and 5 male patients. 8 patients were treated with Halo traction before surgery.Among them, 7 patients were treated by posterior column osteotomy and fusion surgery, 7 patients were treated byposterior approach hemivertebra osteotomy. The scoliosis Cobb angle, T 1 tilt angle, clavicle angle, neck tilt angle, shoulder height difference, sagittal balance distance, coronal balance distance and local kyphosis angle were measured compared among before operation, after operation, at 1 year follow-up and at the last follow-up to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment and the correction loss at follow-up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded, and the Scoliosis Research Society question naires-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire was completed preoperatively and at 24-month follow-up to evaluate the functional status and treatment effect. Results:All 14 patients successfully completed the operation, the operation time was 6.85±1.79 h (range, 5-11 h); the intraoperative blood loss was 685.71±265.61 ml (range, 400-1 200 ml), and the follow-up time was 37.28±13.75 months (range, 24-72 months). The Cobb angle of the main curve was 50.20°±15.19° preoperatively, 10.91°±6.46° postoperatively , 10.53°±6.42° at 1-year follow-up, and 10.14°±5.95° at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=45.55, P<0.001), the preoperative and postoperative difference was statistically significant ( t=10.62, P<0.001) with a correction rate of 78.32%±11.41%. The T 1 inclination angle was 16.08°±8.06° before operation, 3.71°±2.40° after operation, 4.05°±1.94° at 1-year follow-up, and 3.97°±2.04° at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=10.55, P=0.001), the preoperative and postoperative difference was statistically significant ( t=6.37, P<0.001) with a correction rate of 69.56%±25.86%. The neck tilt angle was 7.45°±3.72° before operation, 2.45°±1.12° after operation, 2.75°±0.89° at 1-year follow-up, and 3.10°±2.01° at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=6.65, P=0.008), in which postoperative correction rate was 57.92%±25.41%, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.69, P<0.001). The data of shoulder height difference before operation did not conform to normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test, P=0.017), it was 0.97 (0.54, 1.32) cm before operation and 0.53±0.40 cm after operation, and the postoperative correction rate was 50.17%±27.38%, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=3.18, P=0.001). The total score of SRS-22 questionnaire was increased from 4.21±0.29 preoperatively to 4.81±0.17 at 24-month follow-up ( t=7.35, P<0.001). Except for one patient with transient upper limb numbness, the other 13 patients showed no obvious intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion:Both posterior column osteotomy with fusion and posterior hemivertebra osteotomy are effective in the treatment of cervicothoracic scoliosis, and the surgeon can make individual treatment plans according to different conditions.

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy after the learning curve and open pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 396 patients who underwent curative pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic duct adenocar-cinoma in Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were collected. There were 244 males and 152 females, aged 64(range, 36?92)years. Of 396 patients, 86 cases undergoing robotic pancreatoduodenectomy were divided into robotic group, 310 cases undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy were divided into open group. Observa-tion indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data between the two groups after matching; (2) follow-up and survival analysis. Follow-up was conducted by telephone interview or outpatient examinations including tumor markers and abdominal imaging examina-tions to detect survival of patients up to March 2022. Overall survival was defined as the time from the surgery date to death or the last follow-up. Disease-free survival was defined as the time from the surgery date to tumor recurrence or the last follow-up. The propensity score matching was conducted by 1∶1 matching using the nearest neighbor method. Normality of measurement data was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M(range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves, and Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed in this study, patients who were converted to laparotomy from robotic surgery were still divided into the robotic group. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data between the two groups after matching: 164 of 396 patients had successful matching, including 82 cases in robotic group and open group, respectively. Before propensity score matching, the body mass index, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4, cases in N0, N1, N2 were 23.4(range, 21.4?25.3)kg/m 2,24, 41, 10, 11, 52, 27, 7 for the robotic group, versus 22.4(range,20.3?23.9)kg/m 2,57, 144, 22, 87, 131, 132, 47 for the open group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=3.01, 2.63, 3.03, P<0.05). After propensity score matching, cases of males, age, body mass index, cases with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score as 1, 2, 3, CA19-9, cases with preoperative biliary drainage, cases with portal vein resection, cases with pancreatic resection margin <1 mm, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4, cases in stage N0, N1, N2, cases with nerve invasion, cases with tumor differentiation as high-medium differentiation, medium-low differentiation, low differentiation, cases with adjuvant chemotherapy were 51, 65(range, 59?69)years, 23.0(range, 21.0?25.2)kg/m 2, 32, 41, 9, 160.4(range, 46.7?377.2)U/mL, 21, 9, 8, 21, 40, 10, 11, 48, 27, 7, 76, 26, 47, 9, 53 for the robotic group, versus 58, 65(range, 58?69)years, 23.3(range, 21.4?25.3)kg/m 2, 35, 39, 8, 172.0(range, 69.7?402.9)U/mL, 26, 9, 10, 24, 40, 7, 11, 49, 28, 5, 76, 22, 49, 11, 57 for the open group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=1.34, Z=0.18, 0.34, 0.49, 0.51, χ2=0.75, 0.00,0.25, Z=0.59, 0.27, χ2=0.00, Z=0.76, χ2=0.44, P>0.05). (2) Follow-up and survival analysis: after propensity score matching, 164 patients were followed up for 54(range, 1?67)months. The follow-up time of patients was 55(range, 51?59)months for the robotic group, versus 54(range, 50?58)months for the open group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.48, P>0.05). During the follow-up, the 1-year overall survival rate, 3-year overall survival rate, the median survival time, 1-year disease-free survival rate, 3-year disease-free survival rate, the median disease-free survival time, tumor recurrence rate, cases with recurrence pattern as local recurrence, liver recurrence, other distant recurrence, local and distant recurrence were 81.7%, 39.0%, 27 months(95% confidence interval as 19?33 months), 61.0%, 34.2%, 15 months(95% confidence interval as 12?18 months), 54.9%(45/82), 12, 16, 9, 8 for the robotic group. The above indicators were 79.3%, 36.0%, 24 months(95% confidence interval as 19?31 months), 59.8%, 27.5%, 15 months(95% confidence interval as 10?20 months), 58.5% (48/82), 10, 22, 6, 10 for the open group. There was no significant difference in overall survival or disease-free survival between the two groups ( χ2=0.39, 0.47, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence rate or tumor recurrence site between the two groups either ( χ2=0.22, 1.86, P>0.05). Conclusion:After the learning curve, robotic pancreato-duodenectomy has non-inferior prognosis compared with open pancreatoduodenectomy.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of weight-bearing area compression injury of the femoral head on the prognosis of elderly acetabular fractures after open reduction and internal fixation.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 36 elderly patients with acetabular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation during January 2014 to January 2018 were conducted. All patients with compression injury of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head, including 22 males and 14 females with 73.2±6.5 years old (range 60-87 years old), were included. The compression injury of weight-bearing area of the femoral head was not treated. According to the Letournel-Judet classification of acetabular fractures, there were 14 cases with both-column, 12 cases with anterior column and posterior hemitransverse, 4 cases with T type, 4 cases with transverse, and 2 cases with posterior column+ posterior wall. A total of 14 cases were accompanied by acetabular joint surface compression, while 29 cases were accompanied by joint dislocation. The Merle d'Aubigné score was used to evaluate the hip function during follow-up. The Matta classification method was used to evaluate the results of acetabular fracture reduction. The Kellgren-Lawrence classification standard and Ficat-Alert staging method were used to evaluate the traumatic arthritis of the hip and femoral head necrosis, respectively. During the follow-up, the femoral head necrosis with stage III, IV, or traumatic arthritis III, IV, or with indications for joint replacement was defined as surgery failure. CT scans of the pelvis were performed before and at 2-5 days after operation. The compression size of the femoral head on the coronal and axial planes of the CT scan was calculated for the compression volume. The compression severity was divided into small (<1 cm 3), medium (1-2 cm 3) and large (>2 cm 3) according to the volume. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze whether the postoperative measurement of the femoral head compression volume was associated with the risk of surgical failure. Results:All patients were followed up for 34.7±8.9 months (range 25-54 months). There were 7 cases with large compression of femoral head, 14 cases with medium, and 15 cases with small pre-operatively. However, there were 12 cases, 10 cases and 14 cases with large, medium and small at 2-5 days after operation, respectively. Six cases were excellent reduction, 22 cases were good, and 8 cases were poor. Thus, the excellent and good rate was 78% (28/36). At the last follow-up, Merle d'Aubigné score was excellent in 2 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 21 cases. The excellent and good rate was 28% (10/36). There were 20 cases with surgery failure with 56% (20/36) failure rate. There were no statistically significant differences in the patient's age, body mass index, operation duration, blood volume, fracture type, fracture reduction, combined acetabular joint surface compression, and combined joint dislocation between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency distribution of compression volume in the weight-bearing area of the femoral head after surgery (χ 2=22.047, P<0.001). In patients with large, medium, and small-volume compression of the femoral head weight-bearing area, the surgery failure rates were 92%, 80%, and 7%, respectively. The large and medium-volume compression of the femoral head weight-bearing area were independent risk factors for surgical failure. Conclusion:Open reduction and internal fixation can be used to treat elderly patients with acetabular fractures combined with femoral head compression injury. Despite satisfactory reduction for acetabular fractures, the larger volume of femoral head compression affects the clinical outcomes with extremely high rate of surgical failure within 2 years.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of lacunar closure-assisted internal fixation in the one-stage treatment of Morel-Lavallée injury complicated with pelvic fracture.Methods:The 32 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated for Morel-Lavallée injury complicated with pelvic fracture at Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2018 to November 2020. They were 21 males and 11 females, aged from 18 to 58 years (average, 40.5 years). The injury was located at a unilateral hip in 20 cases, at bilateral hips in 6 cases, at low back in 4 cases, and at posterior thigh in 2 cases. The pelvic fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation while the Morel-Lavallée injuries by lacunar closure at the same time. Their wound healing, pelvic function and complications were observed regularly.Results:The hospital stay of 32 patients ranged from 14 to 28 days, averaging 19.2 days. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months (mean, 9.3 months). The area of Morel-Lavallée injury healed after one lacunar closure in 23 patients who obtained fine skin survival and no soft tissue necrosis or other complications; the wounds in the Morel-Lavallée injury area healed well after secondary lacunae closure in 4 patients. Superficial sensation of the skin decreased around the Morel-Lavallée injury area after wound healing in 3 patients. Wound fat liquefaction was found in the Morel-Lavallée injury area but responded to symptomatic treatment in one patient. A small amount of wound secretion found in the Morel-Lavallée injury area was cured also by symptomatic treatment in another patient whose bacterial culture was negative. All the fractures healed after 3 to 6 months (average, 3.9 months). At the last follow-up, the Majeed scores for the pelvic function ranged from 65 to 100 points, averaging 84.5 points.Conclusion:For Morel-Lavallée injury complicated with pelvic fracture, lacunar closure-assisted internal fixation can result in a satisfactory one-stage treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 585 patients, who performed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) from September 2018 to April 2019 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were enrolled and assigned into 2 groups (470 in a hypertensive group and 115 in a normal group). HbA1c levels were compared. According to the HbA1c level, the hypertensive group was divided into 2 subgroups: A high HbA1c group (HbA1c≥6.1%, RESULTS: The hypertensive group had higher HbA1c level than the normal group [(6.1±1.3)% vs (5.1±1.7)%, CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive patients, HbA1c is positively correlated with ambulate blood pressure, blood pressure load, and heart rate, and it has no correlation with blood pressure variability, heart rate variability, or morning blood pressure.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of invasive microneedle radiofrequency versus plasma fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of atrophic facial acne scars.Methods A total of 30 patients with atrophic acne scars were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology of Xiangya Hospital affiliated to Central South University between January 2017 and March 2017.By a random number table,every patient randomly received the treatment with invasive microneedle radiofrequency on one half of the face and plasma fractional radiofrequency on the other facial side once every 8-12 weeks for 3 sessions.Before and after each treatment,facial photos were taken,acne scars were scored by the ECCA grading scale (échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné),and improvement rates of these lesions were evaluated subjectively by doctors.Adverse reactions were recorded after treatment,and the degree of pain and satisfaction was evaluated by the patients themselves.The Germany CK physiological index detector was used to detect the skin moisture content,transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and sebum content.Results All of the 30 patients completed 3 sessions of treatment and follow-up.After the 3 sessions of treatment,the average score on invasive microneedle radiofrequency-treated sides was 3.00 ± 0.91,and 22 patients achieved more than 50％ improvement.However,the average score on plasma fractional radiofrequency-treated sides was 3.57 ± 0.57,and 29 patients achieved more than 50％ improvement.The overall therapeutic effect of plasma fractional radiofrequency was significantly superior tothat of invasive microneedle radiofrequency (t =2.894,P =0.005).For V-shaped and U-shaped scars,there was no significant difference in the overall improvement rate between the invasive microneedle radiofrequency-treated side and plasma fractional radiofrequency-treated side (both P ＞ 0.05).For Mshaped rolling scars,the overall improvement rate was significantly lower on the invasive microneedle radiofrequency-treated side (36.5％ ± 2.1％) than on the plasma fractional radiofrequency-treated side (48.7％ ± 3.4％,P ＜ 0.01).However,the pain score was significantly lower on the invasive microneedle radiofrequency-treated side (5.54 ± 0.57) than on the plasma fractional radiofrequency-treated side (8.07 ± 0.79,P ＜ 0.01).After 3 sessions of treatment,there were no significant differences in the degree of patient satisfaction (x2 =0.10,P ＞ 0.05),skin moisture content (P ＞ 0.05),TEWL (P ＞ 0.05) or sebum content (P ＞ 0.05) between the 2 sides.Adverse reactions such as erythema,exudation and hemorrhage occurred on both of the 2 sides.Conclusions For small V-shaped and U-shaped scars,the plasma fractional radiofrequency and invasive microneedle radiofrequency both can be applied in clinic.For large M-shaped rolling scars,the plasma fractional radiofrequency can be preferentially selected.