Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with complex etiology. The pathogenesis of this disease， due to a combination of factors， is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Among them， intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the basic pathological change of UC. As a non-destructive response of cells， autophagy regulates intestinal mucosal immunity， inflammation， oxidative stress， and bacterial homeostasis through degradation and reabsorption to actively repair damaged intestinal mucosal barrier， exerting a key role in the occurrence and development of UC. The disease is mainly treated clinically with aminosalicylic acid preparations， glucocorticoids， and immunosuppressants. Western medicine treatment of the disease has a fast onset of effect， and the short-term efficacy is definite， but the long-term application is easy to be accompanied by more adverse reactions. Moreover， some drugs are expensive， bringing great physical and mental pain and economic burden to patients. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new therapies with stable efficacy and mild adverse effects. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate autophagy of the intestinal mucosa with multiple targets and effects and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier function， thereby inhibiting the development of UC. Many experiments have shown that the active ingredient or monomers and compound formulas of Chinese medicine can improve the immunity of the intestinal mucosa， inflammation， oxidative stress， and flora by regulating the level of autophagy to maintain the normal function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to effectively intervene in UC， providing a new measure for the prevention and treatment of UC. However， there is a lack of systematic review of Chinese medicine in regulating the level of autophagy in the intestinal mucosa for the prevention and treatment of UC. Therefore， based on the current research on UC， autophagy process， and Chinese medicine treatment， this article reviewed the relationship of autophagy and its key target proteins with UC to clarify the key role of autophagy in UC production and systematically summarized Chinese medicines targeting the regulation of autophagy to treat UC in recent years to provide new ideas for the treatment and drug development of UC.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and is attributed to multiple factors. Intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the basic pathological change of UC， and intestinal flora disorder is one of the important characteristics of UC. Intestinal flora plays a key role in the pathological process of UC by regulating intestinal mucosal immunity and inflammatory response to repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier. At present， western medicine has the advantages of rapid action onset and significant short-term efficacy， but the curative effect of long-term use is not good， accompanied by many adverse reactions， causing great physical and mental pain to patients. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new treatment methods with definite long-term efficacy and mild adverse reactions. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate intestinal flora through multiple targets in an all-around way， restore the homeostasis of the flora， and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier， thereby inhibiting the progression of UC. Numerous studies have shown that the active components， monomers， and compounds of Chinese medicine can effectively antagonize UC by regulating the intestinal flora to improve the intestinal mucosal immunity， reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa， and restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier， providing a new strategy for UC prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies of the regulation of intestinal flora by Chinese medicine to prevent and treat UC， those studies have the shortcomings of systematic and comprehensive inadequacy. Therefore， based on the research status of UC， intestinal flora， and Chinese medicine treatment， this study reviewed the relationship between intestinal flora and UC and clarified the key role of intestinal flora in the occurrence and development of UC. At the same time， this paper comprehensively summarized the Chinese medicine that targeted the regulation of intestinal flora for the treatment of UC in the past five years to provide new strategies and ideas for UC treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of smoking on the semen quality in infertile men.Methods A total of 360 male infertility patients were enrolled and divided into the smoking group(n=190)and non-smoking group(n=170)based on whether they smoked or not.Furthermore,the smoking group was subdivided into group A(≤10 sticks/d,n=63),group B(11～20 sticks/d,n=80),and group C(>20 sticks/d group,n=47)according to the amount of smoking.Semen volume,liquefaction time,sperm concentration,motility,DNA fragmentation rate and normal morphological rate were observed and compared between and within the groups.Results There were significant differences in semen volume,liquefaction time,sperm motility,normal morphological rate and DNA fragmentation rate between the smoking group and the non-smoking group(P<0.05).The semen volume,sperm motility and normal morphological rate of the smoking group were lower than those in the non-smoking group,and the DNA fragmentation rate and semen liquefaction time were higher than those in the non-smoking group.And with the increase of smoking volume,sperm motility and normal morphological rate decreased,semen liquefaction time and DNA fragmentation rate increased,and there was no significant difference in the sperm concentration between the smoking group and non-smoking group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the semen volume between the three groups with different smoking amounts(P>0.05).Conclusion Smoking has a negative impact on the sperm quality parameters such as semen volume,sperm motility,normal morphological rate,sperm motility,liquefaction time and DNA fragmentation,and the effect of heavy smoking is particularly obvious.We should strengthen the comprehensive health education,promote the healthy lifestyles and reduce smoking.

Objective To summarize the medication law of TCM in the treatment of chronic bronchitis;To provide reference for clinical medication.Methods Medical records of patients with chronic bronchitis who were hospitalized in the Respiratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 were extracted based on HIS electronic medical record data.After screening,the TCM prescriptions used by patients with chronic bronchitis were input into Excel 2019 to establish a database.Based on the software Lantern 5.0,the latent structure model was learned,hidden variables and explicit variables were obtained,and the model was interpreted.SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used to establish model points with Apriori algorithm for Chinese materia medica with a frequency greater than 6%,to obtain the association rules between drugs,and to analyze the medication law of TCM in treating chronic bronchitis.Results A total of 3 410 cases were included,involving 423 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a cumulative frequency of 82 766 times.Among them,109 kinds of Chinese materia medica with a frequency of>6 % had a cumulative frequency of 69 845 times.The top five commonly used medicines were Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Poria,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,mainly with medicines of reducing cough and phlegm,antiasthmatic medicine,tonifying deficiency,clearing heat,relieving superficies,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The medicinal properties were warming,cold and mild,and the main tastes were bitter,sweet and pungent,and the meridians were mainly lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians.Through analysis of latent structure,49 hidden variables and 149 hidden classes were obtained.Combined with professional knowledge,10 comprehensive clustering models and 21 core formulas were deduced,such as Sangbaipi Decoction,Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction,Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Erchen Decoction,Shashen Maidong Decoction,Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Yinqiao Powder,Zhisou Powder,Yupingfeng Powder,Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Daotan Decoction,etc.It was concluded that the chronic bronchitis syndrome included phlegm-heat stagnation lung syndrome,qi stagnation blood stasis syndrome,cold fluid attacking lung syndrome,phlegm-dampness accumulation lung syndrome,lung qi and yin deficiency syndrome,kidney yin deficiency syndrome,wind heat attacking lung syndrome,wind cold attacking lung syndrome,lung qi and spleen deficiency syndrome,phlegm stasis interjunction syndrome.A total of 41 strong association rules were screened in the analysis of association rules,including 5 strong association rules for two and 36 strong association rules for three.The high confidence rules were Saposheikovize Radix + Angelicae Sinensis Radix →Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Saposheikovize Radix + Codonopsis Radix → Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix + Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium → Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma;the higher degree of improvement were Bupleuri Radix + Mori Cortex → Scutellariae Radix,Perillae Fructus + Belamcandae Rhizoma → Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Armeniacae Semen Amarum + Pinelliae Rhizoma → Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,etc.Conclusion In the treatment of chronic bronchitis,TCM is mainly used to reduce phlegm,relieve cough and asthma,and the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is commonly used to help eliminate phlegm.In addition,TCM pays attention to the application of methods such as tonifying lung and securing the exterior,invigorating spleen and benefiting qi.

Objective To understand the implementation of the nursing group standards for oxygen inhalation therapy in clinical practice,and to provide a reference for improving the nursing practice of oxygen therapy.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to investigate nurses from 902 hospitals in 24 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government using a self-designed questionnaire from December 15th,2022,to January 14th,2023.The content of questionnaire included whether they had implemented the recommendations of the oxygen therapy standards,the knowledge of safety related to oxygen therapy,and the components of oxygen therapy prescriptions,the indications used for patients receiving oxygen therapy and practice status of oxygen therapy.Results A total of 10481 questionnaires were returned,of which 10447 were valid,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 99.68%.63.14%of the nurses indicated that the hospital had organized training on oxygen therapy standards.Only 47.82%of nurses know the correct use of the Venturi mask.41.90%of nurses could indicate the correct indicator of flow adjustment.31.88%of the nurses stated that they will adjust the oxygen flow rate based on the oxygenation status of carbon dioxide storage patients.Only 19.56%of nurses indicated that humidification is applied in oxygen therapy based on the oxygen flow and duration.Conclusion Even though nurses had received training related to oxygen therapy standards,the level of knowledge of oxygen therapy standards was still low;therefore continuous systematic training was needed,and the implementation of the content of oxygen therapy standards needed to be further standardized.Healthcare institutions would focus on organizing systematic training and maintaining the training effect,enhancing infrastructure and providing support for implementation.Recommendation to the nursing administration is to explore how to comprehensively and continuously implementing the oxygen therapy nursing standards with the ultimate goal of providing patients safer and more accurate oxygen therapy.

Objective:To observe the changes of pelvic floor structure and function in female vaginal laxity after CO 2 fractional laser transvaginal treatment. Methods:This study reviewed the improvement of pelvic floor structure and function after CO 2 fractional laser transvaginal treatment in 28 female patients [aged 26-59 (37.5±8.3) years] with vaginal laxity syndrome seen at the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2020 to November 2021. A total of 28 female patients with vaginal laxity syndrome underwent intravaginal treatment by CO 2 fractional laser instrument once/month for 3 times. The clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated according to the pre- and post-treatment transverse vaginal diameter, FSFI score of female sexual function, VHIS score of vaginal environment, vaginal tactile imaging system (VTI), pelvic ultrasound and MRI, tissue biopsy, patient satisfaction, pain score, and postoperative adverse effects. Results:Twenty-one of the twenty-eight female patients with vaginal laxity syndrome showed significant improvement in symptoms related to vaginal laxity syndrome after intravaginal treatment with CO 2 fractional laser therapy. All patients showed improvement in all indexes before and 1 month after treatments the mean vaginal transverse diameter decreased from (3.00±0.39) fingers to (2.71±0.40) fingers ( P<0.05), VHIS increased from (17.12±3.97) to (21.69±3.61) ( P<0.05), FSFI score improved from (23.11±3.70) to (27.43±5.33) ( P<0.05), and VTI examination showed that vaginal muscle strength and elasticity were improved to different degrees, and there was a statistical difference compared with that before treatment (total contractility of the anterior vaginal wall: t=26.23, P<0.001; total contractility of posterior vaginal wall: t=39.02, P<0.001; the mean contractility of the anterior vaginal wall: t=17.92, P<0.001; the mean contractility of the posterior vaginal wall: t=22.57, P<0.001). At the same time, questionnaire score of international consultation on incontinent questionnaire short form (ICI-Q-SF scale) of 13 patients with combined mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence showed a statistically significant decrease compared with those before treatment (8.97±2.99 before treatment and (7.18±1.79) one month after treatment; t=2.792, P<0.01). Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance examination indicated a tightening of the vaginal wall structure, and pelvic ultrasound observed a significant decrease in bladder neck mobility and a significant decrease in vesicourethral rotation angle. Vaginal tissue biopsy indicated an increase in the thickness of the vaginal mucosa and an increase in the number and more regular arrangement of collagen fibers after treatment. All patients had high treatment satisfaction and there were no adverse effects such as infection and bleeding during the treatment. Conclusions:Transvaginal CO 2 fractional laser treatment can improve the pelvic floor structure and function around the vagina, treat female vaginal laxity syndrome, stress urinary incontinence and female sexual dysfunction, with significant clinical efficacy and good safety.

[Objective]To explore the mechanism of Qifu Qiangxin Decoction mitigating myocardial damage in heart failure(HF)mice with heart-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.[Methods]Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham surgery group(Sham group),HF model(HF)group,low-dose Qifu Qiangxin Decoction(HF+QL)group,high-dose Qifu Qiangxin Decoction(HF+QH)group and western medicine[HF+angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI)]group,six in each group.In Sham group,the skin was cut open after anesthesia,the heart was exposed,the left anterior descending coronary artery was not in ligation,and then sutured.The rest were used to establish a mouse model of HF with heart-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome after myocardial infarction(MI)by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and swimming in cold water,then treated for 15 days.After treatment,the state of the mice was recorded,left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),ejection fraction(EF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were measured by echocardiography to evaluate cardiac function;hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the morphological of myocardial tissue;the serum levels of B-syndrome natriuretic peptide(BNP)were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis;Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins,autophagy related proteins and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR)signaling pathway related proteins in mice myocardial tissue.[Results]Qifu Qiangxin Decoction can relieve the symptoms of HF in mice.Compared with Sham group,EF and LVFS values of mice in HF group were significantly decreased,while LVEDV and LVESV were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with HF group,EF and LVFS values in each group were significantly increased,while LVEDV and LVESV were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),moreover,HF+QH group had a better effect than that of HF+QL group.According to HE staining,extensive necrotic myocardial tissue was observed in HF group compared with Sham group,and ELISA showed a significant increase in BNP levels(P＜0.01).Compared with HF group,the pathological conditions of myocardial tissue were relieve in each group,and the level of BNP was also significantly reduced(P＜0.01).TUNEL staining and Western blot results showed that the level of apoptosis in HF group was significantly increased compared with Sham group(P＜0.05).Compared with HF group,the apoptosis level of the each group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Therefore,Qifu Qiangxin Decoction could significantly reduce the level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Western blot detection of autophagy-related proteins and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins showed that Qifu Qiangxin Decoction could significantly enhance autophagy level and regulate AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner.[Conclusion]Qifu Qiangxin Decoction can regulate AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,inhibit cell apoptosis and induce autophagy,thus protecting cardiomyocytes and mitigating myocardial injury.

【Objective】 To investigate the correlation of the levels of interleukin-25 (IL-25) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in cord blood with the development of infantile eczema within 42 days after birth, so as to provide theoretical support for the prevention of early infant eczema. 【Methods】 A total of 145 newborns who met the inclusion criteria and were born in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Air Force Special Medical Center from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected. Cord venous blood was collected at birth and the levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in cord blood were measured. The occurrence and severity of infantile eczema were recorded in 42 days. 【Results】 Among 145 infants, 79(54.5%) suffered from eczema. The level of IL-25 in cord blood in eczema group was significantly lower than that in non-eczema group (Z=4.957, P<0.001), and the level of IL-33 in cord blood in eczema group was significantly higher than that in non-eczema group (Z=4.594, P<0.001). The proportion of family history of allergy in the eczema group was significantly higher than that in non-eczema group (χ²=4.693, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergy (OR=4.296), lower level of IL-25(<14.5pg/mL) (OR=4.034) and higher level of IL-33(>21.1pg/mL) (OR=2.759) in cord blood were risk factors for eczema (P<0.05), while birth weight was not associated with the onset of eczema in infants at 42 days (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the level of IL-33 in cord blood was related to the mode of delivery (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the optimized positive cutoff value was <14.0pg/mL for cord blood IL-25(sensitivity 62.0%, specificity 75.8%) and >22.1pg/mL for IL-33 (sensitivity 64.6%, specificity 69.7%). Spearman correlation test found that there was a linear correlation of the level of cord blood IL-33 with eczema area and severity index (EASI) score (r=0.398, P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Family allergy history, lower level of cord blood IL-25 and higher level of cord blood IL-33 are important influencing factors of infant eczema in 42 days after birth, and higher level of cord blood IL-33 will aggravate the severity of early infantile eczema.

【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravaginal fractional superpulse CO2 laser in the treatment of mild to moderate female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), so as to provide reference for the treatment options for female SUI. 【Methods】 A total of 41 female mild-to-moderate SUI patients confirmed at the Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, during Aug.2019 and Nov.2020 were involved.All patients received 3 intravaginal fractional superpulse CO2 laser treatments (1/month).The improvement of urinary incontinence symptoms after treatment was evaluated with International Consultation on Incontinent Questionnaire Short Form (ICI-Q-SF).The motion of bladder neck and rotation angle of bladder and urethra were measured with pelvic ultrasound before and after treatment.The therapeutic effects, pain and patients’ satisfaction were evaluated, and adverse reactions such as bleeding, infection and scar were observed. 【Results】 Three months after treatment, urinary incontinence symptoms improved to varying degrees, the ICI-Q-SF score decreased, the motion of bladder neck [ (28.70±3.11) mm vs.(19.10±4.54) mm] and the vesicourethral rotation angle [(52.78°±15.79°) vs.(41.56°±13.24°)] significantly decreased (P<0.05).The total effective rate was 100.0%.No patients complained severe pain during treatment.All patients were satisfied with the treatment.No adverse reactions such as bleeding, infection or scar occurred. 【Conclusion】 Intravaginal fractional superpulse CO2 laser is effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate female SUI, but the long-term efficacy still needs further observation.

Objective:To evaluate the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring during early induction therapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods:This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 1 164 ALL patients first diagnosed between October 2016 and June 2019 was collected from 16 hospitals in South China Children′s Leukemia Group. According to MRD assay on day 15 of early induction therapy, they were divided into MRD<0.10% group, MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and MRD≥10.00% group. According to MRD assay on day 33, they were divided into MRD<0.01% group, MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group and MRD≥1.00% group. Age, onset white blood cell count, central nervous system leukemia (CNSL), molecular genetic characteristics and other data were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze prognostic factors.Results:Of the 1 164 enrolled patients, there were 692 males and 472 females. The age of diagnosis was 4.7 (0.5, 17.4) years. The white blood cell count at initial diagnosis was 10.7 (0.4, 1 409.0) ×10 9/L. Among all patients, 53 cases (4.6%) had CNSL. The follow-up time was 47.6 (0.5, 68.8) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were (93.1±0.8) % and (90.3±1.1) %. On day 15 of early induction therapy, there were 466 cases in the MRD<0.10% group, 523 cases in the MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and 175 cases in the MRD≥10.00% group. The 5-year OS rates of the MRD<0.10% group, MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and MRD≥10.00% group were (95.4±1.0) %, (93.3±1.1) %, (85.4±2.9) %, respectively, while the RFS rates were (93.2±1.6) %, (90.8±1.4) %, (78.9±4.3) %, respectively ( χ2=16.47, 21.06, both P<0.05). On day 33 of early induction therapy, there were 925 cases in the MRD <0.01% group, 164 cases in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group and 59 cases in the MRD≥1.00% group. The 5-year RFS rates in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group was lowest among three groups ((91.4±1.2) % vs. (84.5±3.2) % vs. (87.9±5.1) %). The difference between three groups is statistically significant ( χ2=9.11, P=0.010). Among ALL patients with MRD≥10.00% on day 15 of induction therapy, there were 80 cases in the MRD <0.01% group on day 33, 45 cases in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33 and 45 cases in the MRD≥1.00% group on day 33. The 5-year RFS rates of three groups were (83.9±6.0)%, (67.1±8.2)%, (83.3±6.9)% respectively ( χ2=6.90, P=0.032). Univariate analysis was performed in the MRD≥10.00% group on day 15 and the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33.The 5-year RFS rate of children with CNSL was significantly lower than that without CNSL in the MRD≥10.00% group on day 15 ((50.0±20.4)% vs. (80.3±4.4)%, χ2=4.13, P=0.042). Patients with CNSL or MLL gene rearrangement in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33 had significant lower 5-year RFS rate compared to those without CNSL or MLL gene rearrangement ((50.0±25.0)% vs. (85.5±3.1)%, χ2=4.06, P=0.044;(58.3±18.6)% vs. (85.7±3.2)%, χ2=9.44, P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that age ( OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.97) and white blood cell count at first diagnosis ( OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.70) were independent risk factors for OS. The MRD level on day 15 ( OR=0.55,95% CI 0.31-0.97), ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene ( OR=0.13,95% CI 0.03-0.54), MLL gene rearrangement ( OR=2.55,95% CI 1.18-5.53) and white blood cell count at initial diagnosis ( OR=0.52,95% CI 0.33-0.81) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. Conclusions:The higher the level of MRD in early induction therapy, the worse the OS. The MRD levels on day 15 is an independent prognostic factor for RFS.The MRD in early induction therapy guided accurate risk stratification and individualized treatment can improve the survival rate of pediatric ALL.