Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect and mechanism of Zhongfeng yure decoction on ischemic stroke model rats. METHODS Totally 85 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline， n＝15）， model control group （normal saline， n＝18）， Nimodipine tablet group （positive control， 10.8 mg/kg， n＝18）， high-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （20.52 g/kg， n＝17） and low-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （5.13 g/kg， n＝17）， respectively. After 7 days of preventive continuous administration （once a day）， except for the sham operation group， the rats’ middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model was established by the modified suture method in other groups. After modeling， the rats in each group continued to be administered for 3 days. During experiment， general condition of the rats was observed， and the neurological function score was performed. After the last administration， the organ index was calculated， the cerebral infarction area and pathological changes of brain tissue were observed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density value of caspase-3 and phosphorylated protein kinase B（p-AKT） protein in brain tissue were detected. RESULTS Three days after modeling， compared with sham operation group， the neurological function score， in brain tissue index， spleen tissue index， proportion of cerebral infarction area， the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density value of caspase-3 protein in brain tissue were significantly increased in the model control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； karyopyknosis， diffuse edema and other lesions appeared in brain tissue. Compared with the model control group， the above indexes in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. Among them， there were significant regression in brain tissue index， spleen tissue index， proportion of cerebral infarction area， TNF-α level in brain tissue and serum， and the average optical density values of caspase-3 protein and p-AKT protein in brain tissue of rats in high-dose group of Zhongfeng yure decoction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Zhongfeng yure decoction has a certain intervention and therapeutic effect on MCAO model rats. The mechanism may be to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6， down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 protein in ischemic brain tissue， up-regulate the expression of p-AKT protein， so as to protect the neurons.

Animals ; Glycyrrhiza/adverse effects* ; Plant Extracts/toxicity* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sargassum

Objective To observe the multimodal imaging characteristics of combined hamatoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE).Methods A retrospective case study.From January 2013 to December 2017,6 CHRRPE patients (6 eyes) diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included in the study.There were 4 males and 2 females,with the mean age of 12.0±8.10 years.There were 5 eyes with BCVA ≤0.1,1 eye with BCVA＞ 1.0.Corneal fluoroscopy showed 1 eye with an external oblique 15°,and the remaining eye had no abnormalities in the anterior segment.All eyes underwent fundus color photography,FAF,FFA,ICGA,OCT and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).The multimodal imaging characteristics were observed.Results All the affected eyes CHRRPE were located in the posterior pole and showed mild elevation.Most of the retinal neuroepithelial layers had different degrees of hyperplasia,vascular tortuosity and retinal folds.Of the 6 eyes,4 eyes (66.7％) involving the macula and optic disc,only 2 eyes (33.3％) involving the macula.OCT showed that the structure of the neuroepithelial layer was unclear and the signal intensity was uneven;it involved 2 eyes of the whole retina (33.3％) and only 4 eyes of the neuroepithelial layer (66.7％).FFA and ICGA showed that the choroidal background fluorescence of the early lesions was weakened,and the lesions showed slightly weak fluorescence;the late telangiectasia fluorescein was obviously leaked,and the lesions were stained with fluorescence.FAF mainly appears as weak autofluorescence with a small amount of strong autofluorescence.CDFI has no characteristic performance.Conclusions CHRRPE is mainly a membrane-like hyperplasia without angiogenesis,involving the retinal neuroepithelial layer,and may also involve the entire retina.OCT is dominated by strong reflection;AF,FFA and ICGA are mainly weak fluorescence.

Aim To study the combined effect Euphor-bia kansui of and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on metabolism of Kansuinine A and Kansuinine B. Methods Control, GU and GU plus EK groups were treated for 10 days, respectively. Then the liver microsomes were pre-pared. KA and KB were incubated with microsomes of each group, and concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reflect the metablism of KA and KB. E-rythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride,benzbro-marone, cimetidine, fluconazole the inhibitors of CYP3 A4 , CYP2 D6 , CYP2 C9 , CYP1 A2 , CYP2 C19 respectively, were incubated with KA and KB. Con-centrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the cytochrome P450 isoforms which involved in the metab-olism of them. KA and KB were incubated with glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone. Then concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the effects of glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone to KA and KB. Results Concentrations of KA and KB in GU plus EK group were significantly higher than those in control and EK groups, which showed that the metablisom of KA and KB was inhibited in GU plus EK group. In addition, concentrations of KA and KB were higher in microsomes incubated with erythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, benzbromarone, cimetidine and fluconazole than in control group, which revealed that the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down when CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 were inhibited. They may participate in the metablisom of KA and KB. After incubation with glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone, the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down. Conclusions KA and KB may be the substrates of CYP2C19. GU plus EK can inhibit the activity of CYP2C19, which resulted in KA and KB metablism slowing down and accumulation. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone can inhibit the metablism of KA and KB. It may be one of the reasons of increased toxicity of GU plus EK.

OBJECTIVETo study the optimizal hydrolysis process for C21 steroidal glycoside of Bai Shou Wu by acetic acid.

METHODThe effects of acetic acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time had been investigated using orthogonal design and the contents of kidjoranin 3-O-beta-digitoxopyranoside, caudatin, kidjoranin 3-O-alpha-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-cymaropyranoside and caudatin 3-O-beta-cymaropyranoside as response indexs were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTThe factors influencing acetic extraction efficiency were as follows: A > B > C (A. reaction temperature; B. reaction time; C. acetic acid concentration). The optimal hydrolysis condition obtained was: refluxing for 6 hours with 5.0% dilute CH3COOH solution at 100 degrees C.

CONCLUSIONThe content of antitumor active ingredients under the optimum hydrolysis condition is raised obviously and has a great part in studying this antitumor drug.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; drug effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for fingerprint of Dipsacus asper. Analysis were carried out on a Zorbax C-18 column by gradient elution using 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The column was maintained at 25 degrees C, the flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. Asperosaponin VI was selected as reference compound, Seventeen common peaks were selected, and the fingerprint with good precision, stability and repeatability was successfully used to evaluate quality of 24 batches of crude extracts of D. asper. Chemical characteristics of D. asper was analyzed by DAD detection and HPLC-MS techniques with an ESI source. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds in both negative and positive modes were observed for molecule mass information of 33 compounds, and the potential structures of 10 characteristic components were identified by study on the mass spectra of compounds and comparing with reference data and some of standards. The results indicate the HPLC fingerprint of D. asper will show more characters through identification of component structures using an HPLC-ESI-MS method, and will control the quality of D. asper more effectively and reasonable.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

AIM: To study the effect of Qingqi Liangying Injection on febrile rats induced by zymonsa and on content of PGE_2 as well as cAMP in rat hypothalamus. METHODS: The rat febrific model induced by 10% zymonsa solution was used to observe QingqiLiangying Injection's effect on the rat temperature, and the radioimmunoassay(RIA) was used to determin the content of PGE_2 and cAMP in hypothalamus of rats. RESULTS: Qingqi Liangying Injection had an obvious antipyretic effect on febrile rats; Qingqi Liangying Injection could significantly reduce the content of PGE_2 and cAMP. CONCLUSION: Qingqi Liangying Injection can obviously reduce the rat body temperature and the content of PGE_2 and cAMP in hypothalamus of rats.

AIM: To: optimize the extraction process of mussel polysaccharide, and then gain higher content of polysaccharide. METHODS: Involved in the three factors, temperature and times of extraction, concentration of NaOH solutions, to do the experiment by orthogonal design uniform design and the method of anthrone. RESULTS: The result showed that the most important factors were temperature of extraction and concentration of NaOH solutions. The optimum extraction conditions were A1B2C1, 4 ℃, 5% NaOH solutions and extracting only once. CONCLUSION: This optimized process is economical, simple, stable and efficient.

Objective To study the protective effect of Huoxueyangyin granule on isoprenaline -induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Method The model was established by injecting isoprenaline. Results Huoxueyangyin Granule inhibited the increased locomotions of T wave and ST section of the abnormal ECG, decreased the level of LDH, protected myocardial SOD activity and reduced myocardial MDA production of isoprenaline-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Conclusion Huoxueyangyin granule possesses protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia in rats.