BACKGROUND:Obesity negatively affects dynamic balance during walking,and crossing barriers is a more routine functional activity that requires more stability in controlling body posture. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in dynamic stability between obese and average males,and to assess the balance ability of obese males using a relatively more challenging obstacle crossing. METHODS:A total of 24 male youths(12 each in the obese and normal groups)were recruited to complete the tests of walking on level ground and crossing obstacles of different heights(4 cm,11 cm,15 cm)in random order.Kinematic and dynamic data were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and Kistler force stage.Statistical analysis was performed using two-factor(2 groups * 4 movement types)repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The obese group had a lower step speed than the normal group(P<0.05),the proportion of the first single support period decreased and the proportion of the second double support period increased when crossing the 11 cm versus 15 cm hurdles(P<0.05).When walking on level ground,the margin of stability in the internal and external directions in the normal group was greater than that of the obese group(P<0.05).When crossing the 4 cm hurdles,the margin of stability in the obese group was less than that in the normal group(P<0.05).When crossing the 11 cm hurdles,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the anterior-posterior direction(P>0.05),while there was a significant difference in the internal-external direction(P<0.05).When crossing the 15 cm hurdles,the margin of stability in the obese group was lower than that in the normal group(P<0.05).Overall,obesity decreases the body's ability to control the body,reduces dynamic stability during crossing the barrier,and increases the risk of falls compared with the general population.In addition,compared with level ground walking,the decrease in the dynamic stability when crossing barriers is more significant in the obese group than the general population.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged ≥18 years in China and to explore the influencing factors.Methods:The China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 298 counties/districts in China in 2018, covering 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥18 years. A questionnaire including Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to collect information about the participants' demographic characteristics and physical activity through face-to-face interview. A total of 183 769 participants completed the survey. After complex data weighting, the prevalence of insufficient physical activity, occupation, transportation, and leisure-time physical activity time was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to insufficient physical activity.Results:The prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged ≥18 years was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.9%-23.7%) in China in 2018, with males [24.4% (95% CI: 23.0%-25.8%)] significantly higher than females [20.2% (95% CI: 18.6%-21.8%)]. Adults aged 70 years and above [28.4% (95% CI: 26.9%-29.9%)] were significantly higher than adults in other age groups, followed by adults aged 18-29 years [26.4% (95% CI: 24.4%- 28.3%)] and 30-39 years [23.4% (95% CI: 21.5%-25.3%)], and tended to increase with increasing education and total sedentary behavior time ( P<0.001). The weekly occupation, transportation, and leisure-time physical activity time appeared 958.6 (95% CI: 911.4-1 005.8) minutes, 234.5 (95% CI: 224.7- 244.2) minutes, and 88.6 (95% CI: 83.5-93.7) minutes, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males, adults living in rural areas or northern China, ≥70 years, with junior high school education, an annual household income per capita <6 000 yuan and institutional/clerical/ technical occupation and longer total sedentary behavior time were related to a higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity. Conclusions:In China, over one-fifth of the adults had lower physical activity levels. Adults who are male, young adults, more educated, institutional/clerical/technical occupation, and with more extended total sedentary behavior are the populations that need to be focused on to promote physical activity-related health.

Objective:To evaluate the optimization efficacy of low-dose esketamine combined with propofol in the patients with major depressive disorder undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT).Methods:Fifty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64 yr, scheduled for MECT for the first time, were assigned into esketamine plus propofol group (group EP, n=28) and propofol group (group P, n=28) according to a ratio of 1∶1 by the random number table method.Esketamine 0.25 mg/kg was intravenously injected before anesthesia induction in group EP, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group P. Propofol and succinylcholine were then intravenously injected to perform MECT in two groups.The primary outcomes were the remission rate and response rate, and the secondary outcomes included the number of MECT required for response and remission, the seizure duration, energy inhibition index and consumption of propofol for each MECT, and the occurrence of therapy-related adverse reactions and relapse. Results:Compared with group P, the remission rate and response rate were significantly increased, and the number of MECT required for response and remission was decreased, the seizure duration was prolonged, and energy inhibition index was increased, the consumption of propofol was reduced ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of therapy-related adverse reactions and relapse in group EP ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Low-dose esketamine combined with propofol can enhance the efficacy of MECT and shorten the course of therapy without increasing therapy-related adverse reactions in the patients with major depression.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles actively released by cells. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, EVs are effective bridges for communication between cells. EVs carry biological macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acid, which affects different physiological functions of parent cells and recipient cells. Among them, the microRNA carried by EVs is the most reported and plays an important role in physiological function of organisms. During the development of follicles, only a few follicles can fully develop and ovulate, whereas most of them undergo atresia at different stages of development. In the whole process of follicular development, the changes at each stage and the regulation mechanism of follicular atresia are not completely understood. In this paper, we introduced the types, characteristics, isolation methods and uses of EVs, and emphasized how microRNA carried by EVs in follicular fluid regulated follicular atresia from the aspects of different cytokines and hormones. Additionally, the application prospect of microRNA carried by EVs in follicular fluid in reproductive regulation and reproductive disease diagnosis was discussed. This paper is significant for studying the regulation of follicular development and the effective utilization of oocytes.
Animals ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism* ; Female ; Follicular Atresia ; Follicular Fluid ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Oocytes

Objective:To evaluate the value of modified gastroscopic laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for airway management under general anesthesia in the patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation (EVL).Methods:Sixty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ patients with liver cirrhosis of either sex, aged 25-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, undergoing endoscopic EVL with general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=31 each) using a random number table method: tracheal tube group (group T) and modified gastroscopic LMA group (group L). After induction of anesthesia, a tracheal tube was inserted in group T, and a modified gastroscopic LMA was inserted and the patients were mechanically ventilated to maintain P ETCO 2 at 30-40 mmHg in group L. Successful tracheal intubation or insertion of modified gastroscopic LMA, successful ligator insertion and duration of ligator insertion were recorded.The occurrence of intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and hypoxemia and consumption of propofol and remifentanil were recorded.At 1 min after tracheal intubation or right placement of LMA (T 1), immediately after the ligator insertion (T 2) and at the end of operation (T 3), Peak (P peak) and mean (P mean) airway pressure were monitored, and airway leak pressure in group L was measured.The extubation time, duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay and bucking during extubation were recorded.The occurrence of sore throat and nausea and vomiting was recorded within 6 h after operation.Postoperative satisfaction scores of endoscopists and patients were also recorded. Results:Sixty-one patients were finally enrolled in the study, with 31 in group T and 30 in group L. Compared with group T, no significant changes were found in the success rate of tracheal intubation or LMA placement, success rate of ligator insertion, P mean at each time point, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative satisfaction score of endoscopists ( P>0.05), duration of the ligator insertion was significantly shortened, P peak at each time point was decreased, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia was decreased, the consumption of propofol and remifentanil was reduced, the incidence of bucking during extubation and postoperative sore throat was reduced, and extubation time and duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay was shortened, and satisfaction scores of patients were increased in group L ( P<0.05). No hypoxemia was found in two groups.Airway leak pressure was maintained at 24-26 cmH 2O at each time point in group L. Conclusions:Modified gastroscopic LMA can be safely and effectively used for airway management under general anesthesia in the patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing EVL.

Objective:To investigate the humoral immune response to GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus (NoV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine of different doses in mice.Methods:The GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus vaccine was diluted into four different concentrations, containing 50, 25, 8.3 and 2.8 μg/dose antigens, respectively. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was used in the control group. Ten 7-week-old BALB/c mice in each group were immunized intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml vaccine or adjuvant on 0 d and 21 d. Blood samples were collected on 35 d and the histoblood group antigen (HBGA) blocking titers of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 antibodies in serum were detected. The differences in antibody levels between the groups were analyzed by SPSS23.0 software.Results:GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 HBGA blocking antibodies in 50, 25 and 8.3 μg/dose groups became positive on 35 d after the first dose vaccination. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 HBGA blocking antibodies were 488 (95%CI: 249-955) and 489 (95%CI: 302-790) in 50 μg/dose group, 278 (95%CI: 106-728) and 738 (95%CI: 299-1 820) in 25 μg/dose group, 300 (95%CI: 158-570) and 486 (95%CI: 222-1 068) in 8.3 μg/dose group, respectively. The positive rates of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 blocking antibodies in 2.8 μg/dose group were 40% and 70% and the GMT were 23 (95%CI: 10-51) and 85 (95%CI: 24-304), respectively. The GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 blocking antibodies in the control group were negative. Statistically significant differences in antibody levels were found between 50, 25, 8.3 μg/dose groups and the control group ( P<0.05), as well as in GⅠ.1 blocking antibodies between 50, 25, 8.3 μg/dose groups and 2.8 μg/dose group ( P<0.05). GⅡ.4 antibody level in 25 μg/dose group was statistically different from that in 2.8 μg/dose group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus VLP vaccine at (50-8.3) μg/dose could induce humoral immune response in mice.

Objective:To explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and insomnia among 18-59 years old employed floating population in mainland China, and provide scientific basis for the relevant policies to improve the sleep status of employed floating population from the perspective of alcohol consumption.Methods:Data were from Chinese Floating Population Chronic Disease Surveillance (2012). Floating population were selected from industries in 170 counties and districts of 31 provinces/autonomous regions, and Xinjiang Construction Corps in mainland China by using the stratified multistage cluster sampling. Demographic information, behavioral risk factors, insomnia, social pressure and chronic diseases were collected through using the face-to-face questionnaire. After complex weighting of the data, a multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the sleep status and its influencing factors among the employed floating population.Results:A total of 48 499 subjects were included in the analysis. The proportions of the employed floating population who never drank alcohol, drank small amount, and drank excessively were 48.3%, 41.8% and 9.9%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among the general, male and female employed floating population was 28.6%, 25.8% and 32.3%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among the employed floating population aged between 45 and 59 years old (32.2%) was higher than that in the population aged between 18 and 44 years old (28.2%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors, compared with the employed floating population who never consumed alcohol as the reference group, the OR values of insomnia for the employed floating population with moderate drinking and excessive drinking were 1.40 and 1.53, respectively. The OR values of insomnia for the male and female employed floating population with moderate drinking were 1.28 and 1.53. The OR values of insomnia for the male and female employed floating population with excessive drinking were both 1.46. The OR values of insomnia for the population aged 18-44 years and 45-59 years with excessive drinking were 1.41 and 1.27. The OR values of insomnia for the population aged 18-44 years and 45-59 years with excessive drinking were 1.55 and 1.37. Conclusion:Small amount of drinking and excessive drinking are associated with insomnia among the employed floating population in mainland China. The association between excessive drinking and insomnia is stronger than that between small amount of drinking and insomnia.

Objective:To explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and insomnia among 18-59 years old employed floating population in mainland China, and provide scientific basis for the relevant policies to improve the sleep status of employed floating population from the perspective of alcohol consumption.Methods:Data were from Chinese Floating Population Chronic Disease Surveillance (2012). Floating population were selected from industries in 170 counties and districts of 31 provinces/autonomous regions, and Xinjiang Construction Corps in mainland China by using the stratified multistage cluster sampling. Demographic information, behavioral risk factors, insomnia, social pressure and chronic diseases were collected through using the face-to-face questionnaire. After complex weighting of the data, a multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the sleep status and its influencing factors among the employed floating population.Results:A total of 48 499 subjects were included in the analysis. The proportions of the employed floating population who never drank alcohol, drank small amount, and drank excessively were 48.3%, 41.8% and 9.9%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among the general, male and female employed floating population was 28.6%, 25.8% and 32.3%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among the employed floating population aged between 45 and 59 years old (32.2%) was higher than that in the population aged between 18 and 44 years old (28.2%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors, compared with the employed floating population who never consumed alcohol as the reference group, the OR values of insomnia for the employed floating population with moderate drinking and excessive drinking were 1.40 and 1.53, respectively. The OR values of insomnia for the male and female employed floating population with moderate drinking were 1.28 and 1.53. The OR values of insomnia for the male and female employed floating population with excessive drinking were both 1.46. The OR values of insomnia for the population aged 18-44 years and 45-59 years with excessive drinking were 1.41 and 1.27. The OR values of insomnia for the population aged 18-44 years and 45-59 years with excessive drinking were 1.55 and 1.37. Conclusion:Small amount of drinking and excessive drinking are associated with insomnia among the employed floating population in mainland China. The association between excessive drinking and insomnia is stronger than that between small amount of drinking and insomnia.

Objective:To study the relationship between eating behavior and obesity among Chinese adults.Methods:Data were collected from 171 040 people who had been engaged in the 2013 China Chronic and Non-communicable Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance project. Rao-Scott χ2 test and complex sampling design were used to compare the differences in the rates of eating behavior and obesity. A binary logistic regression model based on complex sampling design was used to investigate the relationship between eating behavior at three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and obesity. Results:The proportion (3.3%) of skipping breakfast appeared the highest. Proportions of eating out for all the three meals were 16.4%, 21.4% and 11.7%, respectively. The prevalence rates of obesity among men who ate lunch at home, ate out or skipped the lunch were 13.2%, 16.1% and 15.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of obesity among women who ate lunch at home, ate out or skipped lunch were 14.5%, 9.8%, 19.6%, respectively. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that eating out for lunch and skipping lunch were both positively correlated with obesity in men (eating out for lunch: OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18; skipping lunch: OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.02-1.80) while skipping lunch was positively associated with obesity ( OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.07-2.02) in women. No statistical association was noticed between eating out for lunch and obesity in women, with OR=0.86 (95% CI: 0.73-1.00). Both eating out for dinner and skipping dinner were positively correlated with obesity in men, with eating out for lunch as OR=1.19 (95% CI: 1.06-1.34) and skipping dinner as OR=1.89 (95% CI: 1.07-3.33). Avoid dinner was positively associated with obesity in women, with OR=1.64 (95% CI: 1.02-2.63). Women who ate out for dinner showed lower risk of obesity than those who ate at home with OR=0.74 (95% CI: 0.59-0.94). Conclusions:Different eating behaviors were seen in Chinese adults, with the highest proportion of eating out for lunch and the lowest proportion for dinner. Both eating out for lunch and dinner appeared risk factors of obesity in men while avoid lunch or dinner were both associated with obesity in both sex.

Objective:To understand the sleep status and related influencing factors among 18-59 years old employed floating population and to provide evidence for policy development.Methods:Data were gathered from the Chinese Floating Population Chronic Disease Surveillance (2012) program. Floating population were selected through multistage clustering sampling method and stratified by industries from China. Information on demographics, behavior-related risk factors, sleep duration and social pressure etc., were collected through face-to-face interview on questionnaires. After complex weighting of data, multivariable logistic regression method was used to explore the sleep status and related influencing factors among these employed floating people. Results:A total of 43 521 subjects were included in the study. The average sleep duration per day was 7.77 h, with females (7.87 h) higher than males (7.69 h). The prevalence of insufficient sleep was 12.3% (95% CI: 11.8%-12.7%), with 45-59 years old group (21.2%) higher than that of the 18-year olds (11.2%). Results from the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that factors as gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, inflowing area, behavior-related risk factors, BMI, social pressure, self-rated health status and self-reported chronic diseases were the main factors that affecting the rates of sleep deficiency in this population. The prevalence rate of insufficient sleep was 1.18 times higher (95% CI: 1.07-1.31) in males than that in females, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11-1.33) times higher in smokers than that in the non-smokers, 1.31(95% CI: 1.16-1.49) times higher in excessive drinkers than that of the normal population, 1.46 (95% CI: 1.29-1.65) times and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18-1.50) times in those with heavier workload and stress than those without. Conclusion:The prevalence of insufficient sleep among the employed floating population was affected by multiple factors that called for more attention by different departments of the government.