Objective To predict the prognosis of patients after cardiac surgery by implementing hemodynamic monitoring collective strategy—CHOLKIT protocol,and to explore the practical application value of CHOLKIT protocol,such as early intervention to improve tissue circulation and microcirculation,and predict the timing of extubation.Methods A prospective cohort study was used to analyse 88 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April to October 2020,and they were divided into the survival group (84 cases) and the death group (4 cases) with patient survival or death as the study endpoint.The CHOLKIT protocol was applied to score the central venous pressure (CVP),heart rate (HR),central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2),lactic acid (Lac),potassium (K+),perfusion index (PI),and toe temperature (T) of patients at different time periods.The correlation between CHOLKIT score and prognosis was predicted based on the scores.Results Some monitoring indexes in the CHOLKIT protocol were related to the mortality,renal injury and duration of mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery.Conclusion The CHOLKIT protocol can predict the timing of extubation and the change of the condition of patients after cardiac surgery,and early intervention can improve the prognosis of patients,duration of mechanical ventilation and number of days of stay in the intensive care unit.

Objective:To verify the prognostic significance of the tumor regression grade (TRG) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods:The data of 70 MIBC patients treated with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy and RC in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between July 2016 to November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 65 males and 5 females, with an average age(59.79±10.56)years old. The patients accepted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) specimens before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients were recorded and TRG was assessed. TRG evaluation criteria: TRG 1 was defined as no cancer residue, TRG 2 was defined as the proportion of residual cancer area to tumor bed area <50%, and TRG 3 was defined as the proportion of residual cancer area to the area of the tumor bed ≥ 50%. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare the relationship between patients' clinicopathological characteristics and TRG. The relationship between post-neoadjuvant therapy tumor and node(ypTN)stage, and survival, including overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The pathologically locally descending disease was defined as (ypT < T 2 and ypN=N 0) and pathologically locally advanced disease was defined as (ypT≥T 2 and/or ypN ≥N 1). Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of OS and RFS. Results:Chi-square test or Fisher exact test analysis showed TRG was significantly associated with ypT stage ( P < 0.001), ypN stage ( P = 0.002), lympho-vascular invasion ( P<0.001) and variant histology ( P<0.001). The OS of patients with TRG 1, TRG 2 and TRG 3 were 20.5(10.3, 31.8), 17.0(11.0, 30.8)and 15.0(11.0, 26.0) months, respectively, and the difference was significantly different( P = 0.037). The RFS of patients with TRG 1, TRG 2 and TRG 3 were 15.0(8.3, 25.5), 15.0(8.0, 27.0)and 11.0(4.5, 25.5) months, respectively, and the difference was significantly different ( P=0.029). There were significant differences between patients with pathologically locally descending disease and locally advanced disease in OS [18.5(10.3, 30.8)vs.15.0(11.0, 27.3)months, P = 0.013] and RFS [14.0(8.0, 24.0)vs. 11.5(8.0, 26.8)months, P = 0.012]. Among patients with locally advanced pathology, the OS was 19.5(11.0, 32.5)months for patients with TRG ≤2, 13.5(10.8, 26.0)months for patients with TRG 3( P=0.140). The RFS was 12.0(8.0, 31.0)months for those patients with TRG ≤2 and 11.0(6.0, 26.0)months for those patients with TRG 3( P = 0.180). Cox univariate analyses showed that patients with TRG 3 were associated with decreased OS ( HR = 6.043, 95% CI 1.170-31.213, P = 0.032) and RFS ( HR = 6.354, 95% CI 1.231-31.802, P = 0.027). Conclusions:This study showed that TRG was correlated with OS and RFS among patients. The patients who had the higher TRG had the worse prognosis. It was confirmed that TRG predicted the prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, TRG assessment is recommend in pathology report for patients who had radical cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

As specialized intracellular parasite, viruses have no ability to metabolize independently, so they completely depend on the metabolic mechanism of host cells. Viruses use the energy and precursors provided by the metabolic network of the host cells to drive their replication, assembly and release. Namely, viruses hijack the host cells metabolism to achieve their own replication and proliferation. In addition, viruses can also affect host cell metabolism by the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), affecting carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, and participate in microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling. This review summarizes the effect of viral infection on the host's core metabolic pathway from four aspects: cellular glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and viral AMGs on host metabolism. It may facilitate in-depth understanding of virus-host interactions, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of viral diseases through metabolic intervention.
Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Virus Diseases ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Lipid Metabolism

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical efficacy of early brain injury with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIId in children.Methods:Forty-nine children with epilepsy accepted surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2017 were chosen in our study; these patients were pathologically diagnosed as having FCD IIId. These children were divided into 7 groups according to different brain injuries: cerebral hemorrhage ( n=13), central nervous system infectious disease ( n=19), cerebral infarction ( n=1), intrapartum hypoxia ( n=5), two kinds of early brain injury ( n=2), febrile seizure ( n=6), traumatic brain injury ( n=3). Two years after surgery, Engel grading was used to evaluate the surgical efficacy of the children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of these children were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The average age of brain injury was 0 d-3.8 years, the average age of epilepsy was 4-5.3 years, and the average age of surgery was 7-10.2 years. The incidence of multiple lobe brain injury in the cerebral hemorrhage group (100%, 13/13) was significantly higher than that in the central nervous system infectious diseases group (36.8%, 7/19,) and febrile seizure group (50%, 3/6, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in Engel grading I ratio between cerebral hemorrhage group (84.6%, 11/13) and central nervous system infectious disease group (42.1%, 8/19, P<0.05); Engel grading I and II was noted in 80.0% children (4/5) of the intrapartum hypoxia group. All children had pathological changes and pathological characteristics of FCD after early brain injury. Conclusion:FCD IIId children with cerebral hemorrhage or intrapartum hypoxia have good surgical effect, which may be related to the early occurrence of early brain damage, clear pathological changes, and clear boundary between the focus and the surrounding brain tissues.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical efficacy of early brain injury with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIId in children.Methods:Forty-nine children with epilepsy accepted surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2017 were chosen in our study; these patients were pathologically diagnosed as having FCD IIId. These children were divided into 7 groups according to different brain injuries: cerebral hemorrhage ( n=13), central nervous system infectious disease ( n=19), cerebral infarction ( n=1), intrapartum hypoxia ( n=5), two kinds of early brain injury ( n=2), febrile seizure ( n=6), traumatic brain injury ( n=3). Two years after surgery, Engel grading was used to evaluate the surgical efficacy of the children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of these children were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The average age of brain injury was 0 d-3.8 years, the average age of epilepsy was 4-5.3 years, and the average age of surgery was 7-10.2 years. The incidence of multiple lobe brain injury in the cerebral hemorrhage group (100%, 13/13) was significantly higher than that in the central nervous system infectious diseases group (36.8%, 7/19,) and febrile seizure group (50%, 3/6, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in Engel grading I ratio between cerebral hemorrhage group (84.6%, 11/13) and central nervous system infectious disease group (42.1%, 8/19, P<0.05); Engel grading I and II was noted in 80.0% children (4/5) of the intrapartum hypoxia group. All children had pathological changes and pathological characteristics of FCD after early brain injury. Conclusion:FCD IIId children with cerebral hemorrhage or intrapartum hypoxia have good surgical effect, which may be related to the early occurrence of early brain damage, clear pathological changes, and clear boundary between the focus and the surrounding brain tissues.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines for dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods:PubMed, Medline, Embase databases and CNKI, VIP, Wanfang databases were searched systematically. The deadline was April 25, 2022. The search terms included haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, vaccine, seroresponse, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main outcome included the positive rate after vaccination, antibody titer, antibody changes during follow-up, infection rate of SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization rate and mortality.Results:A total of 154 195 patients were analyzed in 26 studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of serum IgG antibody in patients with chronic kidney disease was 48% after the first dose of vaccine, 89% and 96% after the second dose and third dose, respectively. After vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines, there was no significant difference in serum antibody and titer between hemodialysis patients and peritoneal dialysis patients. However, compared with the healthy control group, the antibody positive rate and antibody titer of dialysis patients after vaccination were lower (both P<0.05). In the follow-up, the antibody positive rate at the third month decreased by 12% compared with at the first month, at the sixth month decreased by 15% compared with at the third month, and at the sixth month decreased by 20% compared with at the first month. The serum antibody positive rate after the third dose of vaccine increased by 38% ( RR=1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.70, P<0.001), and the antibody titer increased significantly ( SMD=1.46, 95% CI 0.31-2.61, P<0.001). Although the vaccines could not reduce the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis patients, it could significantly reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality after infection. Conclusions:After vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines, dialysis patients can produce strong serum antibodies, which can reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the duration of antibody is short and the titer level is low, so it is necessary to timely vaccinate booster vaccine dose to obtain stronger immunogenicity.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of specific exercise therapy for the treatment of skeletally immature idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Methods: A total of 51 mild IS patients receiving specific exercise therapy in Guangdong Xinmiao Scoliosis Prevention Center from October 2017 to September 2021 were recruited in this study. Treatment outcome were evaluated at 1 year follow up. All the participants were divided into two groups: open ( n =32) and closed triradiate cartilage group ( n =19), and outcome of treatment were compared within the two groups. Results: After (26.5±9.8) months of treatment, the Cobb angle of the major curve was corrected from an average of (15.5±4.2)° to (11.3±6.7)°, with an average correction of (4.5±5.7)°. Among them, 58.9% patients achieved improvement in the major curve Cobb angle, 33.3% achieved stabilization, and 7.8% progressed. There was no significant difference in the major curve Cobb angle between the closed and open triradiate cartilage groups before treatment( t =-0.73, P =0.47), whereas there was a significant difference in the correction of the major curve after treatment( t =-2.73 , P <0.05). Conclusion Specific exercise therapy effectively prevents the progression or corrects the scoliosis in patients with skeletally immature idiopathic scoliosis. It s more effective in patients with open triradiate cartilage than in those with closed triradiate cartilage.

Objective:To explore the difference in properties of anterior occipital condyle plate screws compared with common anterior occipitalcervical fusion internal fixation.Methods:A 28-year-old healthy adult male volunteer's CT data of the occiput and neck was selected to establish finite element models：including the normal model，simple artificial vertebral fixation model（special-shaped titanium cage+clival screws），anterior occipital condyle plate and screw fixation model，and clival plate and screw fixation model，then a 50 N gravity and a torque of 1.5 N m were exerted upon the upper surface of the occipital bone to make the model produce flexion and extension，lateral bending and rotation. The motion range，internal fixation stress distribution and occipital bone stress distribution of each model under varying conditions were compared.Results:Under the conditions of flexion，extension，lateral bending and rotation，the range of motion of the normal model was 18.65°，15.35°，9.82° and 34.68°，respectively；that of the simple artificial vertebral fixation model was 3.20°，3.63°，2.94° and 3.92°，respectively；that of the clival plate and screw fixation model was 0.40°，0.50°，0.35° and 0.89°，respectively；that of the anterior occipital condylar plate and screw fixation model was 0.27°，0.33°，0.13° and 0.30°，respectively. Compared with the simple artificial vertebral fixation model，the range of motion of the clival plate and screw fixation model decreased by 87.5%，86.2%，88.1% and 77.3% in flexion，extension，lateral bending and rotation. The range of motion of the anterior occipital condylar plate and screw fixation model decreased by 91.5%，90.1%，95.6% and 92.3%，respectively. Under the conditions of flexion and extension，lateral bending and rotation，the stress peak of the simple artificial vertebral fixation model was 52.3 MPa，51.9 MPa，52.6 MPa，respectively；that of the clival plate and screw fixation was 100.1 MPa，158.1 MPa，170.6 MPa，respectively；that of the anterior occipital condylar plate and screw fixation was 114.2 MPa，62.9 MPa，132.9 MPa，respectively. Under the condition of flexion and extension，lateral bending and rotation，the stress peak of the occipital bone in the simple artificial vertebral body internal fixation model was 52.9 MPa，50.9 MPa and 62.3 MPa，respectively；that of the clival plate and screw fixation model was 19.7 MPa，55.9 MPa and 38.3 MPa，respectively；that of the anterior occipital condylar plate and screw fixation model was 37.8 MPa，15.0 MPa and 16.3 MPa，respectively. The stress in bone near the hypoglossal canal was close to 0 MPa，much smaller than the stress peak in occipital bone.Conclusion:Anterior occipital condylar plate and screw fixation in front of the special-shaped titanium cage can improve the stability of occipitocervical fusion with little effect on the occipital bone and hypoglossal canal or without obvious stress concentration，and hence is a safe and reliable anterior fixation method for upper cervical spine instability.

The emergence of regular short repetitive palindromic sequence clusters (CRISPR) and CRISPR- associated proteins 9 (Cas9) gene editing technology has greatly promoted the wide application of genetically modified pigs. Efficient single guide RNA (sgRNA) is the key to the success of gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For large animals with a long reproductive cycle, such as pigs, it is necessary to screen out efficient sgRNA
Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; Gene Editing ; RNA, Guide/genetics* ; Swine

Objective:To compare the effect of SMOF lipids composed of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil with medium-long chain mixed fat emulsions(Lipofundin) on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis(PNAC) in premature infants.Methods:Clinical data were collected from premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 with gestational age ≤34 weeks, birth weight ≤2 000 g, and duration of parenteral nutrition ≥14 days.They were devided into SMOF lipid group and Lipofundin group, and the incidence of PNAC, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage(PVH-IVH), late-onset sepsis and liver function were compared between two groups.Results:The incidence of PNAC in the SMOF lipid group was significantly lower than that in Lipofundin group( P=0.042). The average level of ALT and AST in SMOF lipid group were markedly lower than those in Lipofundin group( P<0.05). The time to reach full enteral feeding of SMOF lipid group was shorter than that of Lipofundin group( P=0.005). There was no significant difference in the incidence of NEC, BPD, ROP, PVH-IVH, and late-onset sepsis between two groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with lipofundin, SMOF lipid can reduce the incidence of PNAC in premature infants, and has no significant effect on the incidence of NEC, BPD, ROP, PVH-IVH and late-onset sepsis.