Objective The volume and cortical thickness of gray matter in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) were compared and analyzed by voxel⁃based morphometry (VBM) and surface⁃based morphometry (SBM), and the differences in the structural changes of gray matter in the two diseases were discussed. Methods A total of 21 MS patients, 16 NMO patients and 19 healthy controls were scanned by routine MRI sequence. The data were processed and analyzed by VBM and SBM method based on the statistical parameter tool SPM12 of Matlab2014a platform and the small tool CAT12 under SPM12. Results Compared with the normal control group (NC), after Gaussian random field (GRF) correction, the gray matter volume in MS group was significantly reduced in left superior occipital, left cuneus, left calcarine, left precuneus, left postcentral, left central paracentral lobule, right cuneus, left middle frontal, left superior frontal and left superior medial frontal (P<0. 05). After family wise error (FWE) correction, the thickness of left paracentral, left superiorfrontal and left precuneus cortex in MS group was significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Compared with the NC group, after GRF correction, the gray matter volume in the left postcentral, left precentral, left inferior parietal, right precentral and right middle frontal in NMO group was significantly increased (P<0. 05). In NMO group, the volume of gray matter in left middle occipital, left superior occipital, left inferior temporal, right middle occipital, left superior frontal orbital, right middle cingulum, left anterior cingulum, right angular and left precuneus were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Brain regions showed no significant differences in cortical thickness between NMO groups after FWE correction. Compared with the NMO group, after GRF correction, the gray matter volume in the right fusiform and right middle frontal in MS group was increased significantly(P<0. 05). In MS group, the gray matter volume of left thalamus, left pallidum, left precentral, left middle frontal, left middle temporal, right pallidum, left inferior parietal and right superior parietal were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). After FWE correction, the thickness of left inferiorparietal, left superiorparietal, left supramarginal, left paracentral, left superiorfrontal and left precuneus cortex in MS group decreased significantly (P<0. 05). Conclusion The atrophy of brain gray matter structure in MS patients mainly involves the left parietal region, while NMO patients are not sensitive to the change of brain gray matter structure. The significant difference in brain gray matter volume between MS patients and NMO patients is mainly located in the deep cerebral nucleus mass.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of sleep duration on the relationship between qi stagnation constitution and anxiety/depression in junior high school students.Methods From March 20 to March 31,2020,a total of 10,325 students from 6 junior high schools in Henan,Liaoning,Shaanxi,Shandong,and Fujian provinces were sampled by cluster sampling.Firstly,the general conditions(age,gender,grade,hometown,whether they are an only child)and sleep duration were collected,and their qi stagnation constitution,depression and anxiety status were evaluated by using the Qi Stagnation Subscale in the"TCM Constitution Classification and Judgment Scale",the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7).Secondly,Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between qi stagnation constitution,sleep duration,and anxiety/depression.Then,linear regression analysis and mediating effect test were used to explore the relationship between qi stagnation constitution and anxiety/depression in junior high school students,and the mediating effect of sleep duration was analyzed,and the results were verified.Results(ⅰ)The detection rate of anxiety in non-only children was higher than that of only children(x2=11.198,P=0.001);The detection rate of anxiety(x2=106.967,P＜0.001)or depression(x2=84.692,P＜0.001)was higher among senior students than those in lower grades,while those of girls with anxiety(x2=100.441,P＜0.001)or depression(x2=71.418,P＜0.001)were higher than those of boys.The detection rates of anxiety(x2=1 092.298,P＜0.001)and depression(x2=866.740,P＜0.001)in qi stagnation constitution students were higher than those of non-qi stagnation constitution students,and the detection rates of anxiety(x2=1 076.716,P＜0.001)and depression(x2=1 099.725,P＜0.001)in students whose sleep duration less than 8 h were higher than those of whose sleep duration more than 8 h,and the shorter the sleep duration,the higher the detection rate.(ⅱ)Qi stagnation constitution positively predicted anxiety/depression(β=0.679,P＜0.001;β=0.718,P＜0.001),and sleep duration had a negative predictive effect on anxiety/depression(β=-0.403,P＜0.001;β=-0.439,P＜0.001).(ⅲ)Sleep duration played a partial mediating role in the relationship between qi stagnation constitution and anxiety/depression in junior high school students,and the mediating effect accounted for 13.40％and 13.79％of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion Although qi stagnation constitution mainly affects anxiety/depression through direct effect,it can still be partially indirectly realized through the mediating variable of sleep duration,that is,the shorter the sleep duration,the higher the risk of anxiety/depression in junior high school students.Therefore,the mental health problems of junior high school students can be prevented and improved by regulating qi stagnation constitution and ensuring adequate sleep duration.

Objective To explore the impact of contrast agent concentration on the excimer laser's effect on plaque ablation.Methods Using a laser catheter with a diameter of 0.9 mm,we conducted plaque model ablation experiments employing a 308-nanometer xenon chloride excimer laser.During the excimer laser ablation process,five groups were formed based on the injected contrast agent concentrations:a saline group,25%concentration group,50%concentration group,75%concentration group,and 100%concentration group.Optical coherence tomography was utilized to assess the changes in plaque lumen area after excimer laser ablation,evaluating the impact of contrast agent concentration on the excimer laser's ablation efficacy.Simultaneously,a water manometer was used to measure the shockwave pressure generated by the excimer laser in liquids with different contrast agent concentrations,aiming to explore the correlation between the shockwave pressure of the excimer laser and its ablative effect.Results The ablation areas in the 75%concentration group and the 100%concentration group were similar(P＞0.05),both exceeding those in the 50%concentration contrast agent group,25%concentration group,and saline group(all P＜0.001).Specifically,the ablation area in the 50%concentration group was significantly larger than that in the 25%concentration group and saline group(both P＜0.001),while the 25%concentration group was larger than the saline group(P＜0.001).The influence of contrast agent concentration on the shockwave pressure of the excimer laser exhibited a similar trend.Additionally,there was a significant positive correlation between the shockwave pressure generated by the excimer laser and its ablation area(r=0.9987,P＜0.001).Conclusions The intensity of excimer laser ablation on plaque tissue can be modulated by altering the contrast agent concentration.These findings offer guidance for the application of excimer laser in conjunction with contrast agent injection techniques in the treatment of coronary artery disease.

The Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology,Volume 31,Issue 6,published the Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application of drug coated balloon(2nd Edition)in June 2023.The new consensus incorporates the evidence-based medicine evidence of drug-coated balloons in the field of interventional therapy for coronary heart disease in recent years,updating the indications,standardized operations,intracoronary imaging,and the application of coronary functional studies in the treatment of drug-coated balloons.Based on clinical diagnosis and treatment practices and evidence-based medicine evidence,this article interprets the highlights of the new guidelines,aiming to provide references for clinical practice.

The breakage pattern of unit particles during the production of oral solid dosage forms (OSD) is closely related to the quality of intermediate or final products. To accurately characterize the particles and study the evolution law of particle breakage, the Bonding model of the discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the breakage patterns of model parameters, particle shape and process conditions (loading mode and loading rate) on the dynamic breakage, force-time curve, breakage rate, maximum breakage size ratio and fracture strength of particles. The results showed that the particle breakage force was positively correlated with normal strength and bonded disk scale, negatively correlated with normal stiffness per unit area and tangential stiffness per unit area, and weakly correlated with tangential strength. The particle breakage rate was negatively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles, and the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles; among the three loading modes, the breakage rate of compression breakage model was the largest, the breakage rate of shear breakage model was the second largest, and the breakage rate of wear breakage model was the smallest; the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the loading rate, the loading mode and the loading rate had no mutual influence on particle breakage rate, but had mutual influence on the maximum breakage size ratio. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the shift of OSD from batch manufacturing to advanced manufacturing.

Objective To investigate the acoustic characteristics of speech prosody in patients after stroke and to select sensitive acoustic parameters of speech prosody.Methods A total of 30 patients after stroke(stroke group)and 30 healthy adults of similar age(control group)were collected.Both groups read short texts aloud,and each syllable and pause of all short sentences in the whole text were recorded under the spectrogram.Acoustic analysis was performed on the inter-rogative sentence"What do you want to buy for your grandson's birthday?"and the stressed sentence"I want to buy toys!"The rhythm(unnatural pause number,speech rate,articulation rate),intonation(whole sentence fundamental frequency,fundamental frequency standard deviation and fundamental frequency slope of interrogative sentences,boundary tone funda-mental frequency and fundamental frequency slope of interrogative sentences,fundamental frequency and fundamental fre-quency slope of four tones),and stress(average intensity of stressed syllables,peak intensity,and stressed syllables dura-tion)of speech prosody were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The unnatural pause number and the stressed syllables duration in the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P＜0.01).The speech rate,articulation rate,whole sentence fundamental frequency standard deviation,whole sentence funda-mental frequency slope,and fourth tone fundamental frequency slope in the stroke group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group(P＜0.01).The boundary tone fundamental frequency slope of interrogative sentences and the third tone fundamental frequency slope were significantly lower than those in the normal control group(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Patients after stroke have poor rhythm control,manifested as excessive pauses and slow speech rate;insufficient into-nation expression,manifested as insufficient interrogative sentence tone,and poor control ability of the third and fourth tones;compensatory expression of stress,characterized by prolonging the expression time of stressed syllables.

This study was designed to explore the effect of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)on podocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release induced by high glucose(HG),and analyze the related molecular mechanisms.Podocyte MPC-5 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control and HG groups.DNMT1 and SOCS1 were either silenced or overexpressed using small RNA interference technology and liposome transfection technology.The expression levels of DNMT1 and SOCS1 genes were measured using qRT-PCR.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry,while ELISA was employed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1).Western blot was used to detect the expression of DNMT1,SOCS1 proteins,and the proteins involved in the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Data showed that HG elevated MPC-5 cell apoptosis rate,the level of inflammatory factors and DNMT1 mRNA expression,and the expression of DNMT1,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins,while reduced SOCS1 mRNA and protein expression(P＜0.05).Both silencing DNMT1 and overexpressing SOCS1 resulted in reduce of MPC-5 cell apoptosis rate,inflammatory factors level,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins expression(P＜0.05).Additionally,silencing DNMT1 increased SOCS1 mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.05).Conversely,silencing SOCS1 counteracted the effects of DNMT1 silencing on MPC-5 cell apoptosis,inflammation,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins expression.Therefore,silencing DNMT1 expression can reduce the apoptosis and inflammation of podocytes induced by HG,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation by upregulating SOCS1 expression.

In this paper, 50 batches of representative traditional Chinese medicine tablets were selected and the disintegration time was examined with the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The disintegration time and disintegration phenomenon were recorded, and the dissolution behaviors of water-soluble and ultraviolet-absorbent components during the disintegration process of tablets were characterized by self-control method. The results revealed that coating type and raw material type influenced the disintegration time of tablets. It was found that only 4% of traditional Chinese medicine tablets had obvious fragmentation during the disintegration process, while 96% of traditional Chinese medicine tablets showed gradual dissolution or dispersion. Furthermore, according to the disintegration speed, disintegration phenomenon, and whether the cumulative dissolution of measured components was > 90% at complete disintegration, a disintegration behavior classification system(DBCS) was created for the regular-release traditional Chinese medicine tablets. As a result, the disintegration behaviors of 50 batches of traditional Chinese medicine tablets were classified into four categories, i.e. ⅠA_2, ⅠB_1, ⅡB_1, and ⅡB_2. traditional Chinese medicine tablets(Class I) with disintegration time ≤ 30 min were defined to be rapid in disintegration, which can be the objective of optimization or improvement of Chinese herbal extract(semi extract) tablets. Different drug release models were used to fit the dissolution curve of traditional Chinese medicine tablets with gradual dissolution or dispersion phenomenon(i.e. Type B tablets). The results showed that the dissolution curves of water-soluble components in the disintegration process conformed to the zero order kinetics and the Ritger-Peppas model. It could be inferred that the disintegration mechanisms of type B tablets were a combination of dissolution controlled and swelling controlled mechanisms. This study contributes to understanding the disintegration behavior of traditional Chinese medicine tablets, and provides a reference for the design and improvement of disintegration performance of traditional Chinese medicine tablets.
Commerce ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tablets ; Water ; Drug Compounding

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of jailed balloon technique on side branch (SB) ostium using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography(OCT). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Consecutive coronary disease patients with coronary artery bifurcation lesions who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and completed pre-and post-procedural OCT examinations at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the jailed balloon technique group and the unprotected group according to the options applied for the SB. The SB ostium area difference was calculated from OCT images (SB ostium area difference=post-PCI SB ostium area-pre-PCI SB ostium area). The SB ostium area differences were compared between the two groups and compared further in the subgroup of true bifurcation lesions and non-true bifurcation lesions. In the jailed balloon group, the SB ostium area difference was compared between the active jailed balloon technique and the conventional jailed balloon technique, between the jailed balloon>2.0 mm diameter and the jailed balloon≤2.0 mm diameter, and between the higher balloon pressure (>4 atm, 1 atm=101.325 kPa) and the lower balloon pressure (≤4 atm). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between the technical parameters of the jailed balloon technique and the SB protection effect. Results: A total of 176 patients with 236 bifurcation lesions were enrolled, aged (60.7±9.3) years, and there were 128 male patients (72.7%). There were 67 patients in the jailed balloon technique group with 71 bifurcation lesions and 123 patients in the unprotected group with 165 bifurcation lesions. Fourteen patients had 2 to 3 lesions, which were treated in different ways, so they appeared in the unprotected group and the jailed balloon technique group at the same time. The area difference in SB ostium was greater in the jailed balloon group than in the unprotected group (0.07 (-0.43, 1.05)mm² vs.-0.33 (-0.83, 0.26)mm², P<0.001), and the results were consistent in the true bifurcation lesion subgroup (0.29 (-0.35, 0.96)mm² vs.-0.26 (-0.64, 0.29)mm², P=0.004), while the difference between the two groups in the non-true bifurcation lesion subgroup was not statistically significant (P=0.136). In the jailed balloon technique group, the SB ostium area difference was greater in patients treated with the active jailed balloon technique than in those treated with the conventional jailed balloon technique ((0.43±1.36)mm² vs. (-0.22±0.52)mm², P=0.013). The difference in SB ostium area was greater in those using>2.0 mm diameter jailed balloons than in those using≤2.0 mm diameter jailed balloons (0.25 (-0.51, 1.31) mm² vs.-0.01 (-0.45, 0.63) mm², P=0.020), while SB ostium area difference was similar between those endowed with higher balloon pressure (>4 atm) compared to those with lower balloon pressure (≤4 atm) (P=0.731). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between jailed balloon diameter and SB ostium area difference (r=0.344, P=0.019). Conclusions: The jailed balloon technique significantly protects SB ostium, especially in patients with true bifurcation lesions. The active jailed balloon technique and larger diameter balloons may provide more protection to the SB.
Humans ; Male ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Stents ; Coronary Artery Disease/therapy* ; Coronary Vessels/pathology* ; Coronary Angiography

With the recent ongoing autumn/winter 2022 COVID-19 wave and the adjustment of public health control measures, there have been widespread SARS-CoV-2 infections in Chinese mainland. Here we have analyzed 369 viral genomes from recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients in Shanghai, identifying a large number of sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron family. Phylogenetic analysis, coupled with contact history tracing, revealed simultaneous community transmission of two Omicron sublineages dominating the infections in some areas of China (BA.5.2 mainly in Guangzhou and Shanghai, and BF.7 mainly in Beijing) and two highly infectious sublineages recently imported from abroad (XBB and BQ.1). Publicly available data from August 31 to November 29, 2022 indicated an overall severe/critical case rate of 0.035% nationwide, while analysis of 5706 symptomatic patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Center between September 1 and December 26, 2022 showed that 20 cases (0.35%) without comorbidities progressed into severe/critical conditions and 153 cases (2.68%) with COVID-19-exacerbated comorbidities progressed into severe/critical conditions. These observations shall alert healthcare providers to place more resources for the treatment of severe/critical cases. Furthermore, mathematical modeling predicts this autumn/winter wave might pass through major cities in China by the end of the year, whereas some middle and western provinces and rural areas would be hit by the upcoming infection wave in mid-to-late January 2023, and the duration and magnitude of upcoming outbreak could be dramatically enhanced by the extensive travels during the Spring Festival (January 21, 2023). Altogether, these preliminary data highlight the needs to allocate resources to early diagnosis and effective treatment of severe cases and the protection of vulnerable population, especially in the rural areas, to ensure the country's smooth exit from the ongoing pandemic and accelerate socio-economic recovery.