Objective: To explore the long term trend of forced vital capacity to weight index (FWI) among Chinese Han students aged 7-18 from 2000 to 2019, and to predict its changes over the next decade, so as to provide scientific evidences for targeted health interventions and school health policies. Methods: Based on the data of the five Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health conducted from 2000 to 2019, a total of 216 500, 233 565, 215 267, 214 256 and 212 632 Han students aged 7-18 were included, respectively. The long term trend of FWI among students was analyzed, and the GM (1,1) grey model was used to predict FWI changes over the next decade. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, and urban-rural residence. Results: The FWI levels of Chinese Han students aged 7-18 were (55.30±11.47)(47.43±11.92)(48.11±12.46)(48.75±12.81)(50.93±13.11)mL/kg in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019, respectively. The FWI of Chinese Han students showed a decreasing then increasing trend from 2000 to 2019, reaching the lowest point of approximately 47.03 mL/kg around 2006, and was projected to recover to 52.88 mL/kg by 2029. Boys had higher FWI for each year and the total level than girls from 2000 to 2019( t =72.58-304.66), and the decline between 2000 and 2005 was smaller in boys (13.1%) than in girls (15.4%). However, the gender gap gradually narrowed and was projected to reduce to 5.36 mL/kg by 2029. FWI increased with age, with the largest difference observed in 2014 between the 7-9 and 16-18 age groups (8.62 mL/kg). Before 2014, urban boys had slightly lower FWI than rural boys; the gap narrowed thereafter, and their FWI levels were expected to become similar by 2029. Urban girls generally had higher FWI than rural girls, and the urban-rural gap showed an increasing trend. By 2029, the largest difference was projected to occur in the 13-15 age group, reaching 7.74 mL/kg. Conclusions The FWI of Chinese Han students showed a trend of initial decline followed by a gradual increase from 2000 to 2019, with notable differences across sex, age, and urban-rural residence. Greater attention should be paid to the respiratory health of rural girls, and effective measures should be taken to reduce urban-rural disparities.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness of horticultural therapy involving the planting of Chinese medicinal herbs （mint and lily potted plants） combined with intradermal needling therapy for generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome under transcranial magnetic stimulation and basic psychological therapy， and to explore the possible mechanisms of action. MethodsA total of 180 patients with GAD of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome were randomly divided into three groups， horticultural therapy group， intradermal needling group， and horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， with 60 patients in each. All groups received basic treatment including basic psychological therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The horticultural therapy group received horticultural therapy in addition to the basic treatment； the intradermal needling group received intradermal needling therapy once a week for 8 weeks in addition to the basic treatment； the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group received both horticultural therapy and intradermal needling therapy， following the same procedures and duration. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale （HAMA）， Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） scores were assessed at baseline and after 2， 4， 6， and 8 weeks of treatment. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） and corticosterone （CORT） were measured before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment. Motor-evoked potential （MEP） baseline levels were recorded before treatment， and MEP amplitude ratios were compared after 1 week and 8 weeks of treatment. Clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between serum ACTH and CORT levels， MEP amplitude， and anxiety. ResultsIn the horticultural therapy group and intradermal needling group， HAMA， SAS and PSQI scores after 4， 6， and 8 weeks treatment were lower than baseline scores （P＜0.05）. In the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， these scores showed a significant decline starting after 2 weeks treatment and continuing through 8 weeks after treatment （P＜0.05）. The HAMA， SAS， and PSQI scores in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups after 2， 4， 6， and 8 weeks treatment （P＜0.05）. After 8 weeks of treatment， serum CORT and ACTH levels in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group were significantly lower than baseline levels （P＜0.05） and were also lower than those in the horticultural therapy group and intradermal needling group at the same time point （P＜0.01）. When comparing the level after 8 weeks treatment to that after 1 week treatment， under PAS10 stimulation， the MEP amplitude ratio in the intradermal needling group decreased at 30 minutes， while in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， the MEP amplitude ratio decreased at all time points （P＜0.05 or P＜0.001）； under PAS25 stimulation， the MEP amplitude ratio in the horticultural therapy group increased at 20 minutes， and in the intradermal needle group at 10 minutes （P＜0.05）. In the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， the MEP amplitude ratio increased significantly at all time points after treatment （P＜0.001）. The cure rate in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group （74.14%， 43/58） was significantly higher than that in the horticultural therapy group （30.00%， 18/60） and the intradermal needling group （48.28%， 28/58， P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis revealed that serum ACTH and CORT levels were positively correlated with HAMA scores （r = 0.488， P＜0.01； r = 0.428， P＜0.01）. Following PAS10 intervention， the MEP amplitude ratio was positively correlated with HAMA scores （r = 0.458， P＜0.01）， whereas after PAS25 intervention， the MEP amplitude ratio was negatively correlated with HAMA scores （r = -0.562， P＜0.01）. ConclusionHorticultural therapy combined with intradermal needling treatment， under transcranial magnetic stimulation and basic psychological therapy， demonstrates significant clinical effectiveness in patients with GAD of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis and the reduction of cortical excitability.

Objective To investigate the targeted differentiation ability of mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs)and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(AD-MSCs).Methods BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs were isolated and cultured from bone marrow of femur and white adipose tissue of groin of C57BL/6J mice respectively,and the two types of cells were induced by osteogenic,chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation medium respectively.Alizarin red,alcian blue and oil red O staining were used to detect the differentiated degree of osteogenic,chondrogenic and lipogenic differentiation.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to identify MSCs and detected expression levels of directed differentiation-related genes Runx2,Sp7(osteoblast),Sox9,Col2a1(chondroblast),Pparg and Cebpa(lipogenesis)to determine the directed differentiation ability of cells.Based on gene expression profiles of mouse and human BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs in GEO database GSE43804 and GSE122778,the differentially expressed genes and their enrichment signal pathways were analyzed.Results The cell morphology of BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs obtained by isolation and culture was different,and spindle-shaped morphology was more obvious in AD-MSCs.Both cells expressed CD29,CD44 and CD90,but did not express CD34 and CD45.AD-MSCs showed higher osteogenic and lipogenic differentiation than those of BM-MSCs after directed induction,while chondrogenic differentiation was lower in AD-MSCs than that of BM-MSCs(P＜0.05).After directional induction,expression levels of Runx2,Pparg and Cebpa mRNA were higher in AD-MSCs than those in BM-MSCs,and Sox9 mRNA expression levels were lower than those in BM-MSCs(P＜0.05).Highly expressed genes of AD-MSCs in mice and human were enriched in PPAR and WNT signaling pathways.Highly expressed genes of BM-MSCs were enriched in cartilage and bone developmental signaling pathways.Conclusion The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability of mouse AD-MSCs is stronger than those of BM-MSCs,while the chondrogenic differentiation ability AD-MSCs is weaker than that of BM-MSCs.The activation status of PPAR,WNT,cartilages and skeletal system development signaling pathways plays an important regulatory role in determining the different directional differentiation potential of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial in-flammation.Moxibustion treatment can significantly improve RA immune disorders and reduce synovial in-flammation,but its mechanism of action needs to be further deepened.Senescence is a key factor that induces the occurrence and development of RA,and macrophages,as the key sentinel sites of the immune system to monitor aging,play an important role in the onset process of RA.The circadian clock dominates the circadian rhythm of the body,regulates the expression of a variety of proteins and cell functions,and is widely involved in the physiological and pathological processes of a variety of diseases.The circadian clock is involved in mac-rophage senescence and has the effect of regulating immune disorders.Among the mechanisms affecting the occurrence and development of RA,macrophage senescence has received more and more attentions as an im-portant breakthrough point.Therefore,this article mainly elucidates the possible pathogenesis of RA from the perspective of the involvement of the biological clock in macrophage senescence and analyzes the feasibility of moxi-bustion in the treatment of RA by regulating the biological clock and participating in macrophage senescence.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a clinically refractory autoimmune disease.The destruction of bone and articular cartilage is a key pathological feature in the middle and late stages of RA.Acid-sensing ion channel 1a(ASIC1a)is a member of extracellular H+activated cation channel family,which can transmit low pH signal from extracellular microenvironment into cells,activate downstream pathways and induce a series of pathological changes.New evidence shows that ASIC1a plays a key role in the pathogenesis of RA,promoting joint inflammation,synovial hyperplasia and the destruction of bone and articular cartilage,which is of great significance in the pathological process of disease.In this paper,the molecular characteristics of ASIC1a are briefly reviewed,and the possible mechanism of ASIC1a to improve cartilage injury of RA is emphasized,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of RA.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and prognosis of epilepsy in frontotemporal lobe glioma.Methods:The clinical data of 208 patients with frontotemporal lobe gliomas in Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, the incidence of epilepsy, Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score, and Engel Outcome Scale of patients with different grades of tumors were calculated.Results:Among all the patients with frontotemporal lobe gliomas, there was more males than females, and it was more common in the 40 -59 age group. The incidence of epilepsy associated with WHO grade Ⅰand Ⅱ glioma was 100.0% (33/33) and 60.9% (14/23), respectively, while that of WHO grade Ⅳ glioma was 19.0%(19/100). The average follow-up time was (22 ± 9) months. During the follow-up period, the incidence of WHO grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ glioma-related epilepsy decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the incidence of glioma-related epilepsy between the total and subtotal resection groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical correlation between the side of tumor occurrence and the occurrence of epilepsy ( P>0.05), also between the gene phenotype and the occurrence of epilepsy ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Engel Outcome Scale among different grades of gliomas ( P>0.05). The prognosis of patients with Engel Outcome Scale Class 1 was significantly better than that of other grades. Conclusions:The incidence of glioma-related epilepsy is negatively correlated with tumor grade. Age and sex are risk factors for glioma-related epilepsy. The incidence of postoperative epilepsy in patients with low grade glioma is significantly lower than that in patients with high grade glioma, and the prognosis is better. However, there is no significant difference in the Engel Outcome Scale among different grades of gliomas.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum neuregulin 4(Nrg4)level and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 240 T2DM patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Second People's Hospital of Yichang from June 2021 to August 2022 were collected and divided into simple T2DM group(n=120)and MAFLD group(MAFLD,n=120).120 healthy individuals were selected as the normal control(NC)group.Results The serum Nrg4 decreased gradually from NC group,T2DM group to MAFLD group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Nrg4 was negatively correlated with WC,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP(P＜0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Nrg4,WC,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP were the influencing factors of MAFLD.After adjusting for age,sex,smoking history,BMI,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FPG,FIns,HbA1c and other factors,serum Nrg4 was still the influencing factor of MAFLD.Conclusion The decrease of serum Nrg4 is a risk factor for T2DM combined with MAFLD.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose radiotherapy in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer without high-risk factors.Methods:Clinical data of 235 patients diagnosed with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated in Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital from December 2013 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: low-dose radiotherapy group (50 Gy, n=158) and high-dose radiotherapy group (>60 Gy, n=77). Clinical baseline characteristics, treatment, follow-up and survival of patients were collected. Survival curve was delineated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences in survival between two groups were calculated using the log-rank test. Clinical baseline characteristics between two groups were compared by χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were conducted by logistic regression model. Results:The median follow-up time was 45 months (5-94 months). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of the whole group was 68.5%, and 70.3% and 64.9% in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively ( P=0.356). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of the whole group was 64.3%, and 65.8% and 61.0% in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively ( P=0.361). Univariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage, lesion location and degree of pathological differentiation significantly affected clinical prognosis (all P<0.05), whereas there was no significant relationship between age, sex, radiotherapy dose, interval between surgery and radiotherapy and survival. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage and the degree of pathological differentiation were the independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05) of the 3-year OS and PFS. Sex, radiotherapy dose and interval between surgery and radiotherapy were not correlated with OS and PFS. Conclusion:This study showed that for hypopharyngeal cancer patients without positive surgical margins and extracapsular extension, postoperative radiotherapy at a dose of 50 Gy given to tumor bed and selective lymph node drainage area does not compromise local disease control and OS.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of single microneedle radiofrequency versus photodynamic therapy in the treatment of inflammatory lesions of moderate and severe facial acne vulgaris.Methods:Sixty patients with moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris were retrospectively collected from Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology between December 2021 and July 2022, including 30 patients who had received single microneedle radiofrequency treatment, and 30 patients who had received photodynamic therapy. There were no significant differences in the age, gender distribution, and severity of acne between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The patients in the microneedle radiofrequency group were treated with single microneedle radiofrequency once every 4 weeks for 2 sessions; those in the photodynamic therapy group received aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy once every 2 weeks for 3 sessions; patients in both groups were still treated with oral doxycycline for 8 weeks. After 8-week treatment, the efficacy, pain severity and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi-square test, two independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:After 8-week treatment, there was no significant difference in the response rate between the microneedle radiofrequency group (93.33%, 28/30) and photodynamic therapy group (86.67%, 25/30; χ2 = 0.74, P = 0.389). No significant difference was observed in the pain severity score between the microneedle radiofrequency group (4.80 ± 2.08) and photodynamic therapy group (4.13 ± 1.86, t = 1.32, P = 0.194), and there was also no significant difference in the pain degree between the two groups ( Z = -1.13, P = 0.260). In the microneedle radiofrequency group, burning sensation occurred in 3 cases (10.00%), swelling and pain in 4 (13.33%), erythema in 2 (6.67%), and dryness and desquamation in 2 (6.67%), and no reactive acne or hyperpigmentation was observed; in the photodynamic therapy group, burning sensation occurred in 10 cases (33.33%), swelling and pain in 9 (30.00%), erythema in 8 (26.67%), reactive acne in 11 (36.67%), hyperpigmentation in 2 (6.67%), and dryness and desquamation in 11 (36.67%). Compared with the photodynamic therapy group, the microneedle radiofrequency group showed significantly decreased incidence rates of burning sensation, erythema, reactive acne, and dryness and desquamation ( χ2 = 4.81, 4.32, 13.47, 7.95, respectively, all P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the incidence rates of swelling and pain as well as hyperpigmentation between the two groups ( χ2 = 2.46, 2.07, respectively, both P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Single microneedle radiofrequency showed marked efficacy equivalent to that of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris, but higher safety, providing more clinical treatment options for moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris.

Fibrosarcoma/surgery* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neck