Objective To investigate the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospitalized patients aged 1-18 years, as well as the status of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination. Methods Related data were collected from the patients aged 1-18 years who were hospitalized in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021, including serological markers for hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc) and hepatitis B vaccination. The epidemiological situation of HBV infection was analyzed, as well as the immune effect after vaccination. The trend chi-square test was used for trend analysis. Results A total of 10 658 hospitalized patients were collected, among whom there were 6 372 male patients (59.79%) and 4 286 female patients (40.21%). In this population, the patients with positive HBsAg accounted for 0.28% (30/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of 0.68% and 0.62%, respectively, in the 17-and 18-year age groups; the patients with positive anti-HBs accounted for 51.82% (5 523/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of > 63% in the 1-4 years age groups, and there was a reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs (fluctuating around 40%) in the 5-18 years age groups. With the increase in age, the positive rate of anti-HBs tended to decrease in both male and female patients (male: χ 2 =8.217, P =0.004; female: χ 2 =10.048, P =0.002). Conclusion Based on the data of hospitalized patients, HBV infection in the population aged 1-18 years in Henan Province has the characteristics of low prevalence rate and high immunity, and the reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs at more than five years after vaccination should be taken seriously in this region.

【Objective】 To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with ammonium urate stones in Xinjiang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease. 【Methods】 The clinical data of all children with ammonium urate stones admitted to the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including age, sex, body mass index, stone site, stone size, stone component, urine pH, urine culture and biochemical examination results. The serum total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, uric acid and urine pH were compared between the pure and mixed groups. 【Results】 A total of 61 children (31.6%) had ammonium urate stones, their average age was (4.05±3.37) years, and the male to female ratio was 2.21∶1. Among them, there were 37 cases (60.7%) of renal calculi and 50 cases (82.0%) of upper urinary calculi. The most common component of mixed ammonium urate stones was calcium oxalate, including calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate. Compared with mixed type, children with pure stone type had a younger age (P=0.001) and a smaller stone size (P=0.003). Positive urine culture was detected in 14 cases (23.0%), 7 of which (50% were infected with Escherichia coli, and 11 (78.6%) with non-urease bacteria. 【Conclusion】 Non-urease bacteria are the main pathogens of urinary tract infection in children with ammonium urate stones. The incidence is higher in boys, and the most common stone location is upper urinary tract. Calcium oxalate is the most common mixed component. Pure type is more common in young children and the stones are relatively small.

Objective:To analyze the composition and clinical characteristics of urinary calculi in infants in Xinjiang.Methods:The clinical data of 75 infants with urinary calculi admitted to the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including the general situation of the children, stone-related parameters, random urine pH value, urine culture and biochemical examination results. The serum uric acid, serum calcium, urine pH value, positive rate of urine culture, and stone length between infants with and without ammonium urate stones were compared. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparison. Measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile distance) [ M ( Q1, Q3)], and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. The Chi-square test, continuity-corrected Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method were used for the comparison of count data. Results:The median age of infants with urinary calculi was 23.04 months, and the ratio of male to female was 3.2∶1. More than half of the infants (81.3%, 61/75) came from rural areas, 57.3% (43/75) were malnourished, 33.3% (25/75) were complicated with urinary tract infection, and 8.0% (6/75) were combined with urinary system congenital malformation. The calculi were found in 53 cases (70.67%) of kidney, 27 cases (36.0%) of ureter, 17 cases (22.67%) of urethra and 16 cases (21.33%) of bladder. The analysis of calculi composition showed that there were 44 cases (58.67%) of ammonium urate, 39 cases (52.0%) of calcium oxalate, 14 cases (18.67%) of apatite carbonate and 7 cases (9.33%) of uric acid. Kidney calculi was more common in female infants ( P=0.011). Compared with the infant group ( n=19), calcium oxalate stones were more common in the preschooler group ( n=56) ( P=0.039), but there were not statistical difference in the incidence of ammonium urate, apatite carbonate and uric acid stones. There were not statistical difference in gender, age, place of residence, nutritional status, serum uric acid, serum calcium, urine pH value, positive rate of urine culture, stone maximum diameter and incidence of bladder stones between ammonium urate group and non-ammonium urate group. Conclusions:The incidence of urinary calculi in infants is higher in boys, and the most common site of calculi is the upper urinary tract, especially in female kidney calculi. Ammonium urate is the main component of urinary calculi in infants. Calcium oxalate stones are more common in preschooler group. Infants with urinary calculi are mostly rural residents, and malnutrition and urinary tract infection are more common.

Objective:To investigate the role of indoxyl sulfate (IS) in myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis through organic anion transporter-3 (OAT-3) and oxidative stress in H9C2 cells.Methods:Rat myocardial cells (H9C2) were cultured and divided into four groups: Control group, IS group, siRNA negative control group (siOAT-3), and siOAT-3+ IS group. The control group was cultured routinely without IS stimulation. The IS group was stimulated with 250 μmol IS. The siRNA negative control group was transfected with 20 nmol/L OAT-3 siRNA, and the siOAT-3+ IS group was transfected with OAT-3 siRNA 48 hours later, then stimulated with IS for 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect and analyze the mRNA expression levels of OAT-3, NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox-4), antioxidant proteins [nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)], myocardial hypertrophy markers [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-myosin heavy chain gene (β-MHC)], and fibrosis markers [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad homologous protein 3 (Smad-3), collagen type Ⅰ (Collagen Ⅰ)] in each group. H9C2 cells were further divided into three groups: Control group, IS group, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group. The NAC group was pre-treated with the antioxidant NAC before stimulation with 250 μmol IS for 24 hours. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the above indicators.Results:The mRNA expression level of OAT-3 in the IS group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the mRNA expression levels of OAT-3 in the siOAT-3 group and the siOAT-3+ IS group were significantly lower than those in the IS group (all P<0.001). Compared with the Control group, the mRNA relative expression levels of Nox-4, ANP, BNP, β-MHC, TGF-β1, Smad-3, and Collagen Ⅰ in H9C2 cells of the IS group were significantly increased (all P<0.001), while the mRNA expression levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were significantly decreased (all P<0.001). Compared with the IS group, the mRNA relative expression levels of Nox-4, ANP, BNP, β-MHC, TGF-β1, Smad-3, and Collagen Ⅰ in H9C2 cells of the siOAT-3 group and the siOAT-3+ IS group were significantly lower (all P<0.001), while the mRNA expression levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were significantly increased (all P<0.001). Pre-treatment with NAC significantly inhibited the high expression of Nox-4, ANP, BNP, β-MHC, TGF-β1, Smad-3, and Collagen Ⅰ mRNA induced by IS (all P<0.001), while significantly increasing the mRNA expression levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 (all P<0.01). Conclusions:IS promotes myocardial hypertrophy and fibrotic factor overexpression in H9C2 cells through OAT-3 and oxidative stress.

AIM: To compare the early response to the new and traditional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of partial epilepsy. METHODS: Patients from neurology Department of Huzhou Central Hospital between January 2013 and June 2018 were included; outcomes included time to first seizure, time to treatment failure and 6-month, 1- and 2-year seizure-free rates were compared. RESULTS: A total of 250 patients with partial epilepsy were divided into carbamazepine (CBZ) group (n =62), levetiracetam (LEV) group (n = 67), oxcarbazepine (OXC) group (n = 63), and lamotrigine (LTG) group (n = 58). In terms of time to first seizure after monotherapy, CBZ and OXC were equivalent (P = 0.635), while CBZ was superi- or to LTG (P < 0.001) and LEV (P = 0.005); regarding time to treatment failure, CBZ and LTG had the same response (P = 0.721), while CBZ was superior to OXC and LEV (P = 0.008 and P = 0.018, respectively). For the "6-month seizure-free" rate, differences were not statistically significant. For the " 1 - and 2-year seizure-free" rates, CBZ > LTG > OXC > LEV, and CBZ was superior to OXC and LEV (all P < 0.05), but not LTG (P > 0.05). A total of 25 patients had adverse reactions; with CBZ (19.3%) more often than LTG (8.6%), OXC (7.9%), or LEV (4.5%). CONCLUSION: Treatment response to CBZ is superior compared to that of OXC and LEV, especially in the early stages of treatment, and equivalent to that of LTG, but the incidence of side effects is higher as well.

OBJECTIVETo explore pathogenic mutation in a family affected with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

METHODSExons of 3 candidate genes, including L2HGDH, D2HGDH and SLC25A1, were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and subjected to direct sequencing.

RESULTSDNA sequencing has found that the proband and his affected younger brother have both carried a heterozygous mutation c.845G>A (p.R282Q) in the exon 7 of the L2HGDH gene. The same mutation was not detected in the his sister who was healthy. Pedigree analysis has confirmed that the above mutation was inherited from the mother. No mutation was detected in exons and flanking sequences of the D2HGDH and SLC25A1 genes.

CONCLUSIONMutation of the L2HGDH gene probably underlies the 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in this family.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn ; diagnostic imaging ; enzymology ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Radiography ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the repeated dose toxicity of doxorubicin liposome injection and doxorubicin injection in rats. Methods Ninety SD rats ( body weight 180-220 g, male:female=1:1 ) were divided into 3 groups (30 rats in each group), and were administered intravenously with physiological saline, doxorubicin liposome injection (1 mg·kg-1 ) and doxorubicin injection ( 1 mg·kg-1 ) , respectively, once every three days for thirteen times. The body weight, blood biochemistry, hematology, organ coefficient and histopathology were analyzed for the overall toxicity assessment. Results The rats administered with doxorubicin liposome injection (1 mg/kg) showed hair loss and skin ulcer, significantly reduced growth of body weight, increased levels of urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , blood platelet ( PLT ) , and kidney and heart coefficients, decreased thymus and testicular coefficients, myofibrillar rupture and lysis, and partial loss of cell nuclei, hyaline casts in the renal convoluted tubules, interstitial edema and loss of spermatogenic cells in the testicular tubules. Compared with the doxorubicin liposome injection group, similar abnormal changes were also observed in the doxorubicin injection group, but the hair loss and skin ulcer were milder and the heart and kidney toxicities were severer. Conclusions Compared with doxorubicin injection, the doxorubicin liposome injection causes milder heart and kidney toxicity but more serious skin toxicity.

Objective To investigate preoperative myocardial enzymes and realative influencing factors in Stanford B type aortic dissection.Methods From Jan.2004 to Sep.2013,151 consecutive patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection were admitted to hospital,aged from 31 to 76 average:(51.51 ± 10.90)year sold.Ninty-five healthy people with similar age and sex were taken as the control group.Fasting venous blood collected more than 12h was collected,myocardial enzymes indexes such as CK,CKMB,LDH,HBDH were measured by Roche modular automatic biochemical analysis system.Primary entry tear and extent of aortic dissection was measured by Toshiba Aquilion ONE 320 slice CT.Degree of aortic valve insufficiency was measured by Philips Sonos 5500 Color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.Results Compared with control group,the level of myocardial enzymes (LDH,HBDH) of aortic dissection group increased significantly(P ＜ 0.01).part myocardial enzymes indexes(CK,LDH,HBDH) of acute stage group existed difference(P ＜ 0.05).Myocardial enzymes indexes only CK existed difference between acute stage group and subacute stage group and chronic stage group(F =18.72,P =0.000),no difference between subacute stage group and chronic stage group.LDH,HBDH of each sub group of aortic dissection group were higher than that of control group,P ＜ 0.01.Trough correlation analysis,CK negatively correlated with disease course of aortic dissection and patients sex [(r =-0.446 ; P =0.000) ; (r =-0.303 ; P =0.000)],CKMB negatively correlated patients sex [(r=-0.203;P=0.020)],LDH negatively correlated with patients sex [(r =-0.171 ;P =0.049)],positively with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter [(r =0.202 ; P =0.022) ; (r =0.271 ; P =0.002)].HBDH positively correlated with left ventricular enddiastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter [(r =0.385 ;P =0.002) ; (r =0.515 ; P =0.000)],negatively with degree of aortic insufficiency [(r =-0.528 ;P =0.006)].Conclusions Myocardial enzymes rise in preoperative Stanford B aortic dissection,more representing skeletal muscle injury.Be affected by stage of aortic dissection,lower limb skeletal muscle injury aggravates more seriously in acute stage group persists entering the sub acute stage.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of periodontal treatment for the management of cardiovascular risk factors.

METHODSEligible studies in Cochrane Controlled Trials Register/CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) were searched until October 13, 2011. References of the included studies were hand searched. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias and extracted the data of the included studies in duplicate. Meta-analysis was conducted with Revman 5.1.

RESULTSSix randomized controlled trials involving 682 participants were included. One case had low risk of bias, another one had moderate risk of bias, and the remaining four had high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that periodontal treatment has no significant effect on C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (P > 0.05). However, the treatment had a significant effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.00, 0.09), P = 0.04].

CONCLUSIONPeriodontal treatment has good effects on controlling high-density lipoprotein cholesterol although more randomized controlled trials must be conducted to verify its effectiveness.

C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; China ; Humans ; Periodontics ; Periodontitis ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the protective effects of extract of Periplaneta americana (APA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Methods Seventy SD rats were divided into five groups:normal con-trol group (C), model control group (M), extract of APA 1 group (APA1), extract of APA 2 group (APA2) and reduced glutathi-one group (R). The liver fibrosis model was induced by injecting 40%CCl4-olive solution subcutaneously for seven weeks in M, APA1, APA 2 and R groups. Drugs were given at the same time. Rats were killed at 7-week (C, M, APA1 and R groups), and were killed at 9-week (APA2 group). The serum values of transaminase (ALT, AST), albumin (ALB), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN), and hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were detected respectively. The expressions of apoptotic relat-ed gene Bcl-2 and Bax protein in central veins and portal areas of hepatic lobules were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Rats showed poor nutritional status, and significantly increased transaminase, HA and LN in M group, but the serum level of ALB was significantly lower than that in C group. There was extensive necrosis of liver cells, obviously fi-brosis or cirrhosis in model rats’liver tissues. The serum contents of ALT, AST, HA and LN were significantly decreased, the serum level of ALB were significantly increased in APA1,APA2 and R groups (P<0.05). There were complete hepatic lobule and no obvious fibrous tissue hyperplasia in liver biopsy of APA1 and R groups. The values of Bcl-2/Bax proteins in central vein of liver tissues were significantly higher in APA1,APA2 and R groups than those of M group (P<0.05), but the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was lower in periportal area of liver tissues (P<0.05). There were significantly higher body weight and ALB levels in APA1 group than those in R group (P<0.05). The level of transaminase was slightly higher in APA1 group than that of R group. The degeneration of liver cells was found mostly in R group. Conclusion The extract of Periplaneta americana has a role in protecting liver cells, inhibiting the progression of hepatic fibrosis, and improving the nutritional sta-tus of trial rats.