Objective:To explore the application and potential optimization of the collaborative and competitive learning model in the Health Education course. Methods:Undergraduate medical students participating in Health Education course practice tasks were selected to conduct discussions and reach consensus according to research objectives based on the e fast anonymous consensus-forming tool (eFAST). The meeting records were analyzed for theme identification using the keyword classification method. Results:Nine medical students participated in eFAST discussions. The students considered the following five aspects as the most important for undertaking Health Education course practice tasks using the collaborative and competitive learning model: timely communication, problem evaluation, report content enrichment, reasonable task allocation within groups, and task topic selection by group members together. They also proposed suggestions on improvement of the assessment method, including teacher involvement in scoring, intra-group scoring based on inter-group scoring, all students participating in inter-group scoring, and using mobile applications for scoring and summarization. Conclusions:The collaborative and competitive learning model can be used in the teaching of Health Education, but further optimization is needed in course task design, implementation, reporting, and assessment.

Humans ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Mesenchymoma/diagnostic imaging* ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes/pathology*

Objective:To observe the abnormal clinical manifestations of retinal blood vessels and the characteristic image characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young myopia.Methods:A case observation study. From July to December 2020, 523 young patients with different myopia refractive powers who were treated in Department of Ophthalmology of The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were included in the study. Among them, 277 were males and 246 were females; the median age was 19.0 (5.0) years. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), frequency domain OCT (SD-OCT) examination and axial length (AL) measurement. The BCVA examination was performed using the Snellen eye chart. The median myopia refractive power of the affected eye was 5.00 (3.25) D. Among them, low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia were 227, 405, and 414 eyes, respectively. The average AL of the affected eye was 25.6±2.8 mm. The frequency domain OCT instrument was used to scan the temporal side of the retina, the upper and lower nasal vascular arches and the macular fovea radially. The images of retinal vascular cysts, microfolds, and lamellar hole were acquired and stored. The prevalence, composition ratio, distribution rule and OCT imaging characteristics of retinal paravascular abnormalities were observed and analyzed. The distribution of paravascular abnormalities in the retina was compared by the χ2 test; the age, refractive power, and AL of different paravascular abnormalities were compared by the K-W rank sum test. Results:Of the 1046 different diopters of myopic eyes, there were 227 eyes in mild myopia, 405 eyes in moderate myopia and 414 eyes in high myopia. Retinal paravascular abnormalities were detected by SD-OCT in 40 eyes (3.8%,40/1046). The prevalence of retinal paravascular abnormalities in moderate myopia was 0.7% (3/405) and high myopia was 8.9% (37/414). No retinal paravascular abnormalities were observed in mild myopia.Retinal paravascular cysts in 40 eyes (3.8%, 40/1046), retinal paravascular microfolds in 28 eyes (2.7%, 28/1046) and retinal paravascular lamellar holes in 13 eyes (1.2%, 13/1046). Of 40 eyes with retinal paravascular abnormalities, retinal paravascular cysts in all 40 eyes (100.0%, 40/40), retinal paravascular microfolds in 28 eyes (70.0%, 28/40) and retinal paravascular lamellar holes in 13 eyes (32.5%, 13/40). Twelve eyes with simple cyst cavity (30.0%, 12/40); 15 eyes were with cyst cavity with micro-wrinkles (37.5%, 15/40); 13 eyes were with cyst cavity, micro-wrinkles and lamellar holes (32.5%, 13/40). The temporal vascular arch retinal paravascular cysts ( χ2=25.664), microfolds ( χ2=14.973), and lamellar holes ( χ2=13.499) were significantly more than those on the nasal side, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.001). Conclusions:The total prevalence of retinal paravascular abnormalities in young myopia is 3.8%; it can occur in both moderate and high myopia. The paravascular cyst may be the earliest pathology of paravascular abnormalities in the retina. The three paravascular abnormalities are mostly distributed along the temporal arch of the retina.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving practical teaching system of biomedical specialty talents training. METHODS:Based on the present situation of practical teaching system in higher vocational education,combined with the develop-ment of biomedicine industry,referring to foreign experience about vocational education mode,using the elements of the practice teaching system as the breakthrough points,hardware and software of practical teaching were highlighted and strengthened;the practical teaching system was established fromability oriented,practical teaching as the leadingpractical ability of vocational stu-dents and vocational ability talent training mode. RESULTS:The practical teaching system of biomedical specialty talents training was established on the basis ofthree-capacity,one body two wingspractical teaching target system,three standards,hierarchi-cal and modularpractical teaching content system,system and institutions,hardware and software managementstandard man-agement system,progressive training base platform,dual-level teaching staff,practical teaching supporting system of talented teacher group. CONCLUSIONS:The practical teaching system strengthen comprehensive practice ability training, can realize win-win between college and government,and of society. It can provide reference for improving practical teaching system of bio-medical specialty talents training.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect and safety of recombinant human growth hormone in short children born small for gestational age (SGA).Methods Twenty-two short children born SGA were randomly divided into 2 groups and were exposed to different doses of recombinant human growth hormone,which were low dose group [0.1 IU/(kg · d)] and high dose group [0.2 IU/(kg · d)].Treatment was carried out for 2 years.Before and after treatment,height,weight,bone age,insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3),growth rate (GV),height standard deviation scores (HtSDS),predicted adult lifetime height (PAH),fasting and postprandial blood glucose,insulin,thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),T3,T4,and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured.Results Basic value of growth hormone in SGA infant was (2.94 ± 3.27) μg/L.Two years after treatment of growth hormone in high dose group,growth rate [(8.11 ± 1.31) cm/year vs (4.21 ± 0.99) cm/ year],HtSDS(-1.16 ±0.83 vs-3.00 ±0.71),and PAH[(163.68 ±6.76) cm vs (156.54 ±7.39) cm] were significantly higher than those before treatment (F =110.3,30.47,26.20,all P ＜ 0.01).Similar changes were observed in low dose group except for PAH.In high dose group after 2 years of treatment,IGF-1,IGFBP-3 were significantly higher than those before the treatment and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Although the plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in low dose group in 2 years of treatment were significantly higher than those before the treatment,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with that before treatment,the added value of IGF-1 had a positive correlation with the added values of growth rate,HtSDS and PAH(r =0.567 4,0.652 4,0.584 3,0.499 8,all P ＜ 0.05).Similar observations were found in low dose group (r =0.437 1,0.405 6 and 0.501 1,all P ＜ 0.05).However,the added value of IGF-1 in low dose group had no correlation with PAH (r =0.200 8,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with that before treatment,2 groups had no differences in fasting and postprandial blood glucose,insulin,TSH,T3,T4 and glycosylated hemoglobin (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Recombinant human growth hormone [0.20 IU/(kg · d)] may significantly increase the growth rate and PAH of short children born SGA,which is a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of short SGA.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in Xiangya Hospital,and provide reference for preventing and controlling HAI.Methods The cross sectional surveys on preva-lence rates of HAI,cross-sectional antimicrobial use,and bacterial detection among all hospitalized patients on the given days in 2000-2014 (except 2006)were carried out by combination of bedside investigation and medical record reviewing.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2000-2014 decreased from 6.30% to 3.91%,difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.14,P < 0.001 );prevalence rates of community-associated infection(CAI)were 15.61%-15.76%,there was no significant difference among each year.General intensive care unit (ICU)had the highest prevalence rate;respiratory tract was the most common site of both HAI and CAI;urinary catheterization rate showed a decreased tendency,arteriovenous catheterization rate showed a increased tendency,difference were both significant(χ2 = 5.21,96.24,respectively,both P <0.001).In 2008 - 2014,pathogenic detection rates for specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents were 36.37%-44.51%,from patients with HAI were 34.00%-44.99%,detection rate of pathogens causing HAI were 41.57%-68.48%,all showed a increased tendency,difference was significant (χ2 = 22.78,10.03,26.49,respectively,all P < 0.001 ).Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing infection;both cross sectional and combination antimicrobial usage rates declined (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Prevention and control of HAI,and antimicrobial management has achieved preliminary success,prevalence rate of HAI and cross sectional antimicrobial usage rate declined obviously,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,and the major infection site is lower respiratory tract.

Objective To study the biological characteristics of cypermethrin?resistance strain and?susceptible strain of Ae?des albopictus under different controlled temperatures in the laboratory. Methods The two strains were raised at three different temperatures 20 25℃and 28℃respectively and the biological characteristics of the two mosquito strains such as reproduc?tion development and life expectancy were observed and recorded in the laboratory. Results The life expectancy of both strains became shorter as the temperature raised and the resistant strain 69.37%± 0.01% 77.04%± 0.07% lived shorter than the susceptible strain 85.24%±0.03% 88.23%±0.05% in average. Under 25℃ the hatching rate of resistant strain decreased by 25.88% and the pupation rate decreased by 11.18%. In the three temperatures all the life expectancy expanded as the tem?perature went up the periods for the susceptible strain were 19.75±0.10 23.65±0.07 d and 25.08±0.08 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. While life expectancy for the resistant strain decreased to 17.21±0.09 20.95±0.09 22.58±0.10 d. Under the same tem?perature the development timing of the resistance strain was longer than that of the susceptible strain and the period was the longest under 28 ℃ 156.2 h 137.1 h . In the three temperatures all the development periods expanded as the temperature went up the susceptible and resistant larvae developed 137.1 d and 163.3 d 247.7 d and 156.2 d 182.3 d and 263.2 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. The differences show statistic significance P<0.05 . Conclusion The resistance of A. albopictus to cy?permethrin results in the decrease of adaptability to the environment change and the disadvantage of reproduction at different temperatures.

Objective To establish a guinea pig model for diagnostic reagent of tuberculosis.Methods By single or multiple subcutaneous injection of heat-killed H37 Rv in different doses in the groin of guinea pigs to establish a model of positive response to 0.1 mL (5 IU) standard tuberculin ( TB-PPD) skin test.Results Three doses of heat-killed H37 Rv ( 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL ) could be used to generate the model of biological diagnosis of tuberculosis.After 24 and 48 hours, the diameter of red spot by TB-PPD skin test was 15.4 ±2.3 mm when a dose of 0.2 mg/mL heat-killed H37 Rv was administered for immunizing and allergizing the guinea pigs.The biggest red spot was induced at doses of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL.The test results showed that the immune response induced by multiple njection to immunizing and allergizing guinea pigs was not significantly different than that induced by single immunizing injection, and the first skin test was better than the second, third and fourth skin test (P≤0.05).In addition, the body weight of the guinea pigs was still increasing after infection with heat-killed H37 Rv, and ulcers occurred in the injection sites in some guinea pigs.Conclusions A single subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/mL heat-killed H37 Rv in guinea pigs can be used well to establish a reliable model for biological diagnostic reagent of tuberculosis.Increasing the sensitizing dose and multiple sensitization can not increase the intensity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity ( DTH) response.

Objective To establish a quantitative detection method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by immunomagnetic capture combined with PCR-ELISA detection system with double internal standards(IMC-PCR-ELISA) .Methods The immunomagnetic (Dynabeads? ) which could specifically capture Mycobacterium tuberculosis were prepared .According to Mtp40 and IS6110 gene sequence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ,2 pairs of primers(upstream primer was modified with Biotin at 5′end) ,2 same-length mutant fragments with PCR amplified fragments ,and 3 capture probes(modified with digoxigenin at 3′end) were designed .Myco-bacterium tuberculosis were captured by immunomagnetic ,then detected by PCR-ELISA with double internal standards .Results The IMC-PCR-ELISA method could yield quantitative results in about 4 h with a detection limit at 5 × 103 copies/mL .There was a fine linear relationship between the copies of Mtp40(IS6110)in fact and in the calculation through formula when the concentrations of low internal standards were 30-70 copies/mL and the concentrations of high internal standards were 8 000-12 000 copies/mL (r2 =0 .998) .No nonspecific amplification was observed .Conclusion A rapid and quantitative method for the detection of Myco-bacterium tuberculosis was established successfully .The IMC-PCR-ELISA method was rapid ,sensitive ,secific and quantitative .

The image guided radio therapy (IGRT) Imaging System based on cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) can reach the goal of improving the accuracy of the radiotherapy. However, because the clinical registration between CBCT images and Planning CT images is carried out manually, it inevitably reduces radiation positioning accuracy to some extent. To tackle the problem, we proposed a new feature vector selection method for the CBCT image elastic registration in the framework of hierarchical attribute matching mechanism for elastic registration (HAMMER) algorithm. We analyzed the characteristics of HAMMER algorithm and used Canny operator which has a better edge detection and positioning performance to replace the noise-sensitive gradient amplitude. Therefore, we used a new attribute vector, which consisted of the intensity, Laplacian of the Gaussian and Canny operator, to ex tract the image feature points in CBCT and planning CT images. We also presented an adaptive feature-point selection method and the choice criteria of attribute vector weights. Experimental results showed that the new feature vector effectively avoided the noise interference resulted from scattering lines in CBCT images to improve registration accuracy, and it also decreased the required feature point numbers and reduced the computation redundancy, so that it provided a new approach for the clinical elastic registration of CBCT and Planning CT rapidly and accurately.
Algorithms ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; methods ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted