Abstract Airborne microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are easily transmitted through dust and droplets, leading to various infectious diseases. The study summarizes the status of airborne microbial pollution, potential exposure levels, particle size, and species distribution of microorganisms, discusses the impact of airborne microorganisms on human health, and analyzes specific factors affecting campus air microorganisms from four aspects:climate, anthropogenic factors, time, and space, to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective improvement measures, improving air quality and safeguarding the health of teachers and students.

Genicular nerve block is usually used for the treatment of chronic pain of knee osteoar-thritis,which can effectively relieve knee pain and preservemotor function.With the rapid development of ultrasound technology,ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block can improve the accuracy of nerve block and reduce block-related complications.This article reviews the research progress of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block in three aspects:anatomy,operation methods and clinical application.

Objective To observe and compare of the effects of esketamine and sufentanil induction for general anesthesia on postoperative analgesia in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Methods Patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between March 2023 and March 2024,irrespective of gender,aged between 20 and 50 years,with a BMI ranging from 30.0 to 50.0 kg/m2 and ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ classification,were randomly allocated into two groups:the esketamine group(Group E)and the sufentanil group(Group S),each consisting of 32 cases.During anesthesia induction,Group E received a dose of esketamine at 0.5 mg/kg while Group S received sufentanil at a dosage of 0.5 μg/kg;the remaining protocol remained unchanged.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and SpO2 were recorded at various time points:upon arrival(T0),prior to anesthesia induction(T1),immediately after induction(T2),during intubation(T3),at the conclusion of anesthesia adminis-tration(T4),and during extubation(T5).Postoperative pain scores using the Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)were assessed at specific intervals following surgery:one hour post-surgery(P0),six hours post-surgery(P1),twelve hours post-surgery(P2),twenty-four hours post-surgery(P3)and forty-eight hours post-surgery(P4).Additionally,intraoperative remifentanil consumption as well as the number of presses on the analgesic pump within forty-eight hours after surgery in both patient groups were documented along with any occurrences of adverse reactions.Results During the surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)between the two patient groups at T0～T5(P>0.05).At T2,both groups exhibited lower MAP and HR compared to T0;specifically,group S had a MAP of(91.81±8.94)mmHg and HR of(81.75±13.37)beats/min,while group E had a MAP of(93.69±9.96)mmHg and HR of(80.38±13.2)beats/min,with group E showing values closer to baseline levels.At T3,both groups experienced a transient increase in MAP and HR(P<0.05);specifi-cally,group S had a MAP of(97.56±8.96)mmHg and HR of(86.47±13.84)beats/min,while group E had a MAP of(101.03±8.29)mmHg and(89.41±15.32)times/min,with S group closer to baseline values.There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of remifentanil used during surgery between group S and group E(P>0.05),which were(2071.88±717.63)μg and(2093.75±718.39)μg,respectively.Compared with the postoperative conditions of the two groups,the NRS scores of group E(0.41±0.61±1.870.75,2.47±0.62)at P0,P1 and P2 were lower than those in group S(0.88±0.71,2.47±0.72,2.97±0.54),and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).The number of intravenous analgesia pump presses was significantly reduced in group E after surgery(P<0.05),with the postoperative analgesic pump compressions occurring 11.25±2.70 times in group S and 8.56±2.23 times in group E.The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)and hypotension in Group E(21.88%,15.63%)was lower than that observed in group S(46.88%,37.50%),demonstrating statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion In comparison to sufentanil induction,the utilization of esketamine anesthesia induction is deemed safe for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese patients,effectively mitigating postoperative acute pain and reducing the incidence of PONV.

Objective To develop and validate a risk prediction model based on early platelet-related parameters for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),and to facilitate early identification and intervention in high-risk populations.Methods Clinical data of 291 preterm infants with a gestational age(GA)≤32 weeks or a birth weight(BW)＜1 500 g,admitted to the NICU,were retrospectively analyzed.Out of these,214 cases were selected as the modeling group.This group was further categorized into the BPD group(n=76)and the non-BPD group(n=138),based on whether they required oxygen therapy at 28 days post-birth.Perinatal data,platelet-related parameters and other indicators between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify BPD risk factors,followed by the construction of a nomogram.An additional cohort of 105 preterm infants with GA≤32 weeks or BW＜1 500 g,were used to validate the model.This cohort was divided into the BPD group(n=43)and the non-BPD(n=62)group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve were used to internally verify the efficiency of the prediction model.Results The Logistic regression analysis identified GA,BW,Apgar score at 5 minutes≤7,invasive ventilation,platelet count(PLT)and mean platelet volume(MPV)as significant factors in the model(P＜0.05).The constructed nomogram was formulated using R language,and the areas under the ROC curve(AUC)for the three models were 0.908,0.931 and 0.918,respectively(P＜0.05).The verification group was verified by Bootstrap.The calibration curve showed a good fit.The internal validation AUC values of the three models were 0.877,0.890 and 0.886,respectively.Conclusion GA,BW,invasive ventilation,Apgar score at 5 minutes≤7,MPV and PLT are key risk factors for BPD onset.The risk prediction model based on these indicators can effectively predict BPD,providing clinicians with a valuable tool for early detection and intervention in the development of BPD.

Magneto-acoustic-electric tomography (MAET) boasts high resolution in ultrasound imaging and high contrast in electrical impedance imaging, making it of significant research value in the fields of early tumor diagnosis and bioelectrical monitoring. In this study, a method was proposed that combined high conductivity liquid metal and maximum length sequence (M sequence) coded excitation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. It was shown that, under rotational scanning, the liquid metal significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the inter-tissue magneto-acoustic-electric signal and enhanced the quality of the reconstructed image. The signal-to-noise ratio of the signal was increased by 5.6, 11.1, 21.7, and 45.7 times under the excitation of 7-, 15-, 31-, and 63-bit M sequence code, respectively. The total usage time of 31-bit M sequence coded excitation imaging was shortened by 75.6% compared with single-pulse excitation when the same signal-to-noise ratio was improved. In conclusion, the imaging method combining liquid metal and M-sequence coding excitation has positive significance for improving MAET image quality.
Contrast Media ; Electricity ; Electric Conductivity ; Acoustics ; Tomography

OBJECTIVE To analyze the situation of drug use in medical institutions of Guangdong area from 2017 to 2022， and to provide reference for the production， sale and procurement of drugs by government departments， medical insurance departments， pharmaceutical enterprises， drug sales enterprises and hospitals. METHODS Using the retrospective analysis method， based on original data from Guangdong hospital information network from 2017 to 2022， statistical analysis was conducted on the drug procurement amount of 118 medical institutions that had been online for the past 6 years， as well as the distribution of 14 major categories of drugs among all purchased drugs by online medical institutions， and sales amount of drug production enterprises. RESULTS The drug procurement amount of 118 medical institutions that had been online in Guangdong area from 2017 to 2022 showed a growth-negative growth-slow growth trend. Among the 14 major categories of drugs， the top 5 drugs in the list of consumption sum were anti-infective drugs， cardiovascular drugs， nervous system drugs， anti-tumor drugs， and digestive system drugs； among the top 200 drugs in terms of procurement amount， three major categories of drugs， namely the anti-infective drugs， anti-tumor drugs and cardiovascular system drugs， occupied the main position. The top 10 drugs in the list of procurement amounts were mainly anti-tumor drugs and cardiovascular system drugs； foreign manufacturers occupied the top 3 places in the list of sales amounts in medical institutions of Guangdong area. CONCLUSIONS In Guangdong area， the growth of drug procurement amount in medical institutions is gradually slowing down， the usage of anti-infective drugs is still abundant， the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases need great attention， and foreign pharmaceutical companies are in a leading position in the sales amount of medical institutions.

Objective:To establish a neonatal rat bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) model induced by hyperoxia, to detect the expression of miR-876-3p in the lung tissue, and to analyze the role of miR-876-3p in the occurrence and development of BPD, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of BPD.Methods:Eighty newborn SD rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia group(FiO 2 60%) and air group(FiO 2 21%). Lung tissue samples were taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day after birth, the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed.Quantitative real-time PCR technique was used to detect the expression level of miR-876-3p. Results:Within 21 days after birth, with the prolongation of hyperoxia exposure time, the general growth of rats in hyperoxia group were lower than those in air group[14 d: (35.46±1.62) g vs.(37.08±1.25) g; 21 d: (51.92±1.83) g vs.(58.87±2.43) g]( P<0.05). On the 14th and 21st day after birth, the radial alveolar counts in lung tissue of rats in hyperoxia group were significantly reduced compared with those in air group( P<0.05). On the 7th, 14th and 21st day after birth, the alveolar septal thickness of rats in air group were lower than those in hyperoxia group( P<0.05). The expression level of miR-876-3p in hyperoxia group decreased gradually and was significantly lower on the 7th, 14th and 21st day compared with air group at the same time points[7 d: (14.97±1.13) vs.(16.64±0.89); 14 d: (11.92±0.71) vs.(16.85±0.79); 21 d: (11.39±0.79) vs.(17.52±1.17)], and the differences were all statistically significant( P all<0.01). Conclusion:In this study, a new BPD model of neonatal rats can be induced by hyperoxia and the expression level of miR-876-3p in this model is decreased.The differential expression level of miR-876-3p may play a role in the occurrence and development of BPD.

For the purpose of seeking new antibiotics, researchers usually modify the already-existing ones. However, this strategy has been extensively used and is close to its limits, especially in the case of aminoglycosides, and it is difficult to find a proper aminoglycoside antibiotic for novel modification. In this paper, we reported the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of 5-epi-neamine derivatives based on the structural information of bacterial 16S RNA A-site binding with aminoglycosides. Bioassay results showed that our design strategy was feasible. Our study offers a new way to search for structurally novel aminoglycosides. Meanwhile, our study provides valuable structure-activity relationship information, which will lead to better understanding and exploitation of the drug target, and improved development of new aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Aminoglycosides/chemistry* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Biological Assay

Objective:To explore the carrier status of group B streptococci (GBS) in pregnant women of Mongolian and Han nationality and the neonatal GBS infection in order to identify the high risk factors of GBS infection in Mongolian and Han newborns in this area.Methods:Totally 7289 pregnant women and their newborns born alive were tested for GBS in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2017 to June 2020, and their newborns were cultured for GBS, and the venous blood of newborns delivered by GBS positive women were detected for anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody level, in order to determine the high risk factors of neonatal GBS infection.Results:Among the 7289 pregnant women, 3136 were Mongolian pregnant women (2599 full-term delivery and 537 premature delivery) and 4153 were Han pregnant women (3541 full-term delivery and 612 premature delivery). The results of GBS test showed that the GBS carrier rate was 8.19% in the Mongolian preterm delivery group, 4.35% in the Mongolian term group, 11.93% in the Han preterm group, and 5.76% in the Han term group, indicating that the carrier rate of GBS in the preterm group was significantly higher than that in the term group, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality ( P < 0.05). Further comparing the GBS carrier rate of Mongolian and Han pregnant women, the GBS carrier rate of Mongolian pregnant women was significantly lower than that of Han pregnant women regardless of the premature delivery group and term group ( P < 0.05). (2) A total of 434 newborns were born by GBS positive parturients. The positive rates of GBS in Mongolian premature infants, Mongolian full-term infants, Han premature infants and Han full-term infants were 29.55%, 14.16%, 31.51% and 17.65%, respectively, suggesting that the positive rate of GBS in premature infants was significantly higher than that in full-term infants, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality ( P<0.05). Further comparing the positive rate of GBS in Mongolian and Han newborns, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of GBS between Mongolian newborns and Han newborns, no matter the premature delivery group and the full-term group. (3) This study compared the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Mongolian and Han newborns. The results showed that the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Mongolian premature infants was 23.08%, and none in full-term infants. The incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Han premature infants was 26.09%. The incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in term infants was 5.56%. The incidence of neonatal GBS septicemia in the preterm group was significantly higher than that in the term group, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality. By further comparing the incidence of GBS septicemia in Mongolian and Han newborns, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of GBS between Mongolian newborns and Han newborns regardless of the premature delivery group and the term group. (4) In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the level of anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody in premature infants was significantly lower than that in term infants ( P < 0.05). (5) Regardless of the Mongolian and Han nationality, compared with GBS negative group, GBS positive rate was higher in pregnant women aged≥35 years old, with history of menstruation, miscarriage, vaginitis, floating population, and those who had not undergone pre-pregnancy examination,,which were the high risk factors for GBS-positive pregnant women during pregnancy. (6) In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the incidence of chorioamnionitis, puerperal infection, premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes in the GBS positive group was higher than that in the GBS negative group, and the incidence of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in the GBS positive group was also higher than that in the GBS negative group. Conclusions:The carrier rate of GBS in Mongolian pregnant women is lower than that in Han pregnant women, and positive GBS during pregnancy will increase the incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as chorioamnionitis, puerperal infection, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal early-onset GBS septicemia. The high risk factors are maternal age ≥ 35 years old, history of menstruation, abortion, vaginitis, floating population, and infection without pre-pregnancy examination. We should attach great importance to the perinatal high risk factors and formulate corresponding intervention measures accordingly, and make rational use of antibiotics for prenatal prevention, so as to further reduce the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in newborns.

Objective:To investigate whether the synonymous variation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) gene may increase the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2019, the children of Mongolian and Han nationality who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and the control group were sequenced by ABCA3 exon gene to analyze whether there was synonymous mutation in ABCA3 gene.Results:A total of 101 children with RDS were enrolled, including 37 children with Mongolian and 64 with Han children. There were 113 patients in the control group, including 45 Mongolian children and 68 Han children. Children with Mongolian and Han nationality RDS and control group can detect multiple synonymous mutation sites, such as: F353F, P585P, A227A, V150V, L982L, A928A, S1372S, P1653P, E1618E, and A1027A, etc, among them, four synonymous variants of p.A227A, p.F353F, p.P585P and p.S1372S are common synonymous mutants. In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the frequency of ABCA3 gene synonymous mutation in RDS group was significantly higher than that in control group (Mongolian: χ2=9.402, P=0.002; Han: χ2=9.348, P=0.002 ). The mutation rates of F353F and P585P in Mongolian and Han children with RDS were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(Mongolian F353F: χ2=5.270, P=0.022; Han F353F: χ2=5.532, P=0.019.Mongolian P585P: χ2=4.711, P=0.030; Han P585P: χ2=4.480, P=0.034). Conclusions:The synonymous variation of ABCA3 gene may increase the risk of RDS in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia, and F353F and P585P may be one of the susceptible genes of RDS in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia.