In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.

In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.

Polymorphism refers to the simultaneous and frequent existence of two or more discontinuous variants or genotypes or alleles in a biological population, also known as genetic polymorphisms or genes Polymorphism. This gene polymorphism may have a certain degree of influence on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. The study of genomics plays an important role in realizing personalized, patient-oriented precision medicine treatment. Population model analysis is to use a modeling method to quantitatively describe the correlation and variability between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and individual characteristics and to quantify the impact of covariates. At present, this method has been widely used. This paper systematically introduces the application examples of using the population model approach to assess the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the drug PK/PD.

As the second most common cause of death in the world, cancer has become a persistent public health challenge. The incidence and mortality in different countries and regions or of multiple cancer types are significantly different, which is closely related to economic development level, lifestyle and environmental factors. A large number of epidemiological studies have focused on cancer burden, epidemic pattern, etiology and prevention, which is very important for the government to formulate cancer prevention policies based on medical evidence and protect population health. Therefore, based on the latest epidemiological publications, this paper reviews the incidence and mortality of cancer as well as the time trend in major countries and areas.

Objective To analyze the secular trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in Changning district of Shanghai from 1974 to 2013. Methods We calculated the age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality and the average annual percent changes for pancreatic cancer using Segi's world standard population and the data from Shanghai Cancer Registry. Age-period-cohort model was constructed to further assess the effect of age, diagnosis period and birth cohort on the secular trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality. Results During 1974-2013, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 6.49/10⁵ and 6.01/10⁵ in male, 4.83/10⁵ and 4.57/10⁵ in female, respectively. The age-standardized incidence was increased by 0.8% per year in male during past 40 years, while there was no change in mortality. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were increased by 1.6% and 1.3% per year in female. After adjusting the effects of diagnosis period and birth cohort, the incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer increased by about 11% every 5 years older in both male and female. Diagnosis period and birth cohort had no statistical impact on the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion The age-standardized incidence of pancreatic cancer shows significantly rising trends during 1974-2013 in both male and female in Changning district of Shanghai, as well as the age-standardized mortality in female. The incidence and mortality rates also increase with age.

Patients seeking implantation often have several systemic diseases, which will introduce complications to treatment. This paper reviews the risk assessments and prevention of systemic diseases in patients with oral implant therapy with the relevant literature. The patients with cardiovascular diseases are prone to stroke and cardiac arrest, and anticoagulants and antihypertensive drugs will complicate cases. The potential risks of endocrine system diseases are infections and crises caused by unstable hormone levels. The risks of respiratory diseases are dyspnea and swallowing devices. The difficulty of treating patients with neuropsychiatric diseases is attributable to poor cooperation and adverse effects of the drugs. Bone and joint system diseases may decrease the success of implantation. Hematological system, digestive system and kidney diseases may lead to hemorrhage. By inquiring about detailed medical and medication history, evaluating vital signs and detecting important objective indicators, performing targeted measures, discussing with specialists, and observing patients closely, clinicians can avoid the abovementioned risks.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis of cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A pair of twins with cerebral palsy and different phenotypes were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and other 8 children with CP were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Genetic variations were screened by a self-designed filtration process in order to explore the CP-related biological pathways and genes. RESULTS: Three biological pathways related to CP were identified, which included axon guiding, transmission across chemical synapses and protein-protein interactions at synapses, and 25 susceptibility genes for CP were identified. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanism of CP has been explored, which may provide clues for development of new treatment for CP.
Cerebral Palsy ; genetics ; Child ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Whole Exome Sequencing ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Objective To retrospectively analyze the injury characteristics of victims and treatment strategies in the explosion accident on the 17th May 2018 in Xixia county (Xixia "May 17th" explosion accident). Methods Based on the practice featured in pre-hospital emergency of Henan province and Nanyang city Emergency Center in the explosion accident, a retrospective analysis for the Level Three medical rescue was conducted, where a total of thirteen survived victims in Xixia "May 17" explosion accident were studied retrospectively. The data included the gender, age, burned extent and depth of the patients, burns complicated by trauma, complication of burn, respiratory function maintenance, resuscitation during shock stage, skin grafting with excision and scab. Furthermore, the data of organ function and the effect of the 90-day comprehensive treatment for the burned victims wereanalyzed. Results completion the Level Three treatment on time, which was depended on the leading role played by the regional trauma centers was the main rescuing mode of the work in Xixia county, where the primary and secondary treatments were the key parts. The three-level treatment model includes: the local hospital acts as a level-one emergency medical institution, county hospitals function as secondary emergency medical institutions, and other higher medical institutions are the tertiary first aid medical institutions. The pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency procedures were initiated immediately after the large-scale explosive burn being identified, the key to the successfully rescue was to set up a comprehensive treatment team for burns and trauma. Rescue team should involve burn department and other related departments, including the departments of emergency, general surgery, orthopedic, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, intensive care unit, blood transfusion unit, anesthesiology, and interventional radiology, etc. All the thirteen burned patients were male, with inhalation injury, blast injury, hemopneumothorax, brain injury, bone fractures, and etc. Eight of them (61.54%) had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MODS mainly involved respiratory, circulatory, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and coagulation function. With the multi-discipline treatment, the wound of 6 severely-burned patients started healing and can be discharged after keeping the patency of airway, applying resuscitation fluid and comprehensive treatments such as debridement and dressing change. Among 7 patients with extensive deep burns, one case with skull-based fracture, open craniocerebral, extensive intracranial hemorrhage and hemopneumothorax, died 9 hours later. Another case died within 24 hours after injury due to obvious exudation on the site of early incision and relaxation of wound. The escharotomy, micro-dermis and allograft skin transplantation were carried out for five cases with extensive deep burns from the 4th day after the recovery of shock. One week later, the second stage of microsphere skin transplantation was performed. But all died of sepsis or fungal infection. Conclusions MODS and infection often occur during the course especially for patients with extensive and deep burns due to the great explosion in Xixia county, most of whom were accompanied with MODS and infection. Therefore, assembling multi-discipline team for treating the group of explosively-burned patients can increase the survival rate and reduce the possibility of disability.

Objective:To study the protective effects of Danhong injection ( DH) on myocardial damage induced by doxorubicin ( DOX) in Lewis tumor bearing mice. Methods:The model of Lewis lung cancer in mice was established by underarm injecting tumor cells, and then randomly divided into four groups:the model control group, DOX group, DH group and DH+DOX group. After the experiment, myocardial and tumor tissue were separated from Lewis tumor bearing mice, and the excised tumors were weighted. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) , creatine kinase ( CK) , manganese superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , catalase ( CAT) and glu-tathione peroxidase ( GPx) , and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) were determined by a colorimetric method. Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm). Re-sults:Compared with that in the model control group, a significant decrease of tumor weight was shown in both DOX group and DH+DOX group (P<0. 01). DH had no significant influence on the anticancer function of DOX. The activity of LDH and CK, and the ap-optosis in myocardium cells significantly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with DOX group, the activities of LDH and CK, and the ap-optosis significantly decreased in DH+DOX group (P<0. 01). The activities of △Ψm, SOD, CAT and GPx significantly increased (P<0.05orP<0.01). ThecontentofMDAandROSgenerationbothdecreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:DHhasnosignificantin-fluence on the antitumor effect of DOX. The combination of DH and DOX shows cadioprotective effect on the myocardial damage through improving mitochondrial antioxidant defense capacity, ameliorating oxidative stress and maintaining △Ψm homeostasis.