Objective To standardize the method of microbiological examination on Shegan Mixture in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 was used. Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test were used to verify Shegan Mixture. The samples were treated by membrane filtration. Six kinds of strains for microbiological counting and limiting bacteria were used to study applicability. Results Microbial counts of the five strains of the recovery ratio were between 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli tested by control bacteria was qualified. Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for Shegan Mixture can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents . Methods Databases of PubMed ,the Cochrane Library ,EMbase ,CENTRAL ,VIP ,WanFang ,CBM and CNKI were electron-ically searched till August ,2014 for clinical trials on lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents .All literature were screened by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria .The data was extracted ,and the methodological quality was assessed .Then ,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 .2 .Results Seven trials were in-cluded involving a total of 721 patients .The results of methodological qualities were two studies rated as A-class ,three studies rated as B-class and two studies rated as C-class .Meta-analysis results showed that the efficacy of lamotrigine monotherapy for absence seizure in children and adolescents was better than placebo ,but efficacy of lamotrigine was lower than valproic acid and ethosuximide .The adverse reaction rates of lamotrigine were with no significant difference compared with valproic acid and et-hosuximide .Conclusion Lamotrigine monotherapy was effective for absence seizures in children and adolescents and was well tolerated .Lamotrigine was a good choice for patients that are intolerable to valproic acid or ethosuximide .

Olaparib is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes ,and was developed by AstraZen-eca Pharmaceuticals LP .Olaparib has therapeutic potential for treating cancers associated with impaired DNA repair capabili-ties ,particularly those with deficiencies in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway .Olaparib is an available ther-apy option for ovarian cancer patients with deficiencies in the BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes .Olaparib can selectively kill cancer cells without compromising normal cells .Compared to traditional chemotherapy means ,adverse reactions are much smaller .

Objective:To establish an UHPLC-MS/MS method to determine the contents of baicalin,scutellarin,wogonin,caffeic acid,ephedrine,belamcandin,irisflorentin and baicalein in Shegan mixtures. Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column(2. 1 mm × 50 mm,1. 8 μm)with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water(0. 1% formic acid),the flow rate was 0.3 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 35℃. Electrospray ionization source(ESI)was used with multiple reaction monitoring( MRM)combined with positive and negative scanning switch. üegative ion mode detection was used for caf-feic acid,belamcandin and scutellarin ,while positive ion mode detection was used for baicalin,wogonin,irisflorentin,baicalein and e-phedrine. Results:The quantification limit of baicalin,scutellarin,wogonin,caffeic acid,ephedrine,belamcandin,irisflorentin and ba-icalein was 1. 44 × 10-4 ,4. 20 × 10-3 ,2. 95 × 10-4 ,7. 80,4. 90 × 10-3 ,4. 6 × 10-2 ,3. 18 × 10-4 ng·ml-1 and 4. 85 ng·ml-1 . The detection limit was 4.32 ×10-5,1.3 ×10-3,8.84 ×10-5,0.77,2.90 ×10-4,3.33 ×10-4,9.5 ×10-5 ng·ml-1 and 1.46 ng· ml-1 ,respectively. The correlation coefficients( R2 )were all higher than 0. 992 3 within the linear ranges. Both intra- and inter-day RSD were less than 5%. The average recoveries of the eight components were within the range of 80%-120%. Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate. It can be used to determine the contents of baicalin,scutellarin,wogonin,caffeic acid,ephed-rine,belamcandin,irisflorentin and baicalein in Shegan mixtures for the quality control.

Objective To study absorption of shegan heji marker components in blood and their excretion in urine and feces of rats, after intragastric administration of shegan heji. Methods LC-MS/MS was used for determination of marker compounds. Rat metabolic cage technology was employed. Results Excretion of marker components were completed 24 hours after administration. Conclusion Ephedrine can be excreted from rats within 24 hours. The possibility of mutual transformation of flavonoids exists in the body. Taking shegan heji will not cause accumulation of ephedrine and flavonoids in the body.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ephedrine hydrochloride in rats after intragastric administration of Shegan mixtures. Methods:Shegan mixtures (1. 0 ml/100 g) were administered to each rat by gavage. Blood samples were collected after the administration. Plasma concentration of ephedrine hydrochloride was determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parame-ters of ephedrine hydrochloride were obtained using the pharmacokinetic software. Urine and fecal samples were collected in 24 hours after the administration using metabolic cage to determine the recovery of ephedrine hydrochloride. Results: The pharmacokinetic pa-rameters of ephedrine hydrochloride were as follows:Tmax of (1. 30 ± 0. 23)h,T1/2 of (21. 17 ± 1. 35)h, Cmax of (278. 86 ± 46. 41)ng ·ml-1,AUC0~∞ of (1221.98 ±412.64)ng·ml-1 and Vc/F of (1.70 ±0.15)L. Totally 85.66% ephedrine hydrochloride could be recovered from urine in 24 hours after the administration;however, it was not detected in the fecal samples. Conclusion: Most of e-phedrine hydrochloride is excreted through kidney in 24h,therefore, Shegan mixtures can't cause the accumulation of ephedrine hydro-chloride in rats.

Objective:To analyze the chemical constituents in Radix astragali by high-performance-liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-TOF/MS). Methods:An Agilent poroshell 120 SB-C18 column(100 mm × 3 mm,2. 7 μm)was adopt-ed. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid with nonlinear gradient elution. The flow rate was 0. 4 ml· min-1 . The UV detection wavelength was set at 254nm, the column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 10μl. Electron spray ionization and positive mode was adopted, the flow and temperature of the carrier gas( N2 ) was 10 L·min-1 and 350℃, respec-tively. The capillary voltage was 4 kV, the bombardment voltage was 165 V, the spectra were recorded within the range of m/z 100~1 100. Results:A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified from Radix astragali by HPLC-TOF/MS simultaneously. Conclu-sion:An efficient and fast HPLC-TOF/MS approach has been established for studying the chemical constituents in Radix astragali, which lays the foundation for the study on pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Radix astragali.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of plasma level of cefuroxime in experimental dogs. METHODS: 1. 0mL plasma samples were taken from experimental dogs at different time after intravenous injection of cefuroxime sodium 50mg? kg-1. Following pretreatment, the samples were subjected to determination on XDB-C18 chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of CH3CN-1‰ ( NH4) 2SO4 ( 12∶ 88) with a flow rate of 1. 0mL? min-1. The detection wavelength was 273nm and the column temperature was 25℃ . The quantification was performed by external standard method. RESULTS: Good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration of cefuroxime was within the range of 0. 5～ 250? g? ml-1( r=0. 999 5) . The average recovery of cefuroxime was 97. 76～ 116. 00% ( RSD

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of ferulic acid in pedo spleen energy activating Misture.METHODS:The determination was performed on Hypersil ODS column,the mobile phase consisted of1%acetic acid-methanol(70∶30)with a flow rate of0.8ml/min,the column temperature was26℃,the detection wavelength was320nm and the sample size was20?l.RESULTS:Good linear relationship with peak area score was achieved when the detection con?centration range of ferulaic acid was within a range of0.02～1.2mg/ml(r=0.9997),the average recovery was97.88%(RSD=1.19%).CONCLUSION:The method can be served as a quality control for pedo spleen energy activating Misture.

OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC method for the determination of plasma etoposide level in children with leukemia. METHODS: The determination was performed on column Hypersil ODS. The mobile phase was water-methanol (45∶55) and the wavelength for detection was 284nm. RESULTS: The intraday recovery ranged from 93.56 to 96.24% with SD ranged at 1.07%～2.63%, and the inter-day recovery ranged from 92.85% to 94.26% with SD ranged at 3.55%～5.89%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and sensitive, showed a good specificity, and suitable for the determination of etoposide in clinic samples.