Objective:To analyze the policy tools designed for function orientation and development of China′s infectious disease hospitals, in order to provide references for formulating and optimizing the functional implementation and sustainable development policies of these hospitals.Methods:Consulting the website of Peking University Law and official websites on health, and using such keywords as " medical institutions, infectious diseases, hospitals for infectious diseases, public health emergencies, specialized hospitals", and searching the national policy texts on the functions and development of infectious disease hospitals issued from December 1991 to January 2023. By means of Rothwell and Zegveld′s policy tool classification method, Nvivo 11 Pro software was used to analyze the text content from the dimensions of demand-type, supply-type, and environmental-type policy tools.Results:A total of 41 policy texts were included and 204 codes were obtained through text analysis. Of all the tools, environmental and supply-oriented policy tools were used the most, being 104 (50.99%) and 95 (46.56%) respectively, while demand-oriented policy tools were used the least, only 5 (2.45%). Of all the environmental-oriented policy tools, " goal planning" was the most used, being 34 (16.67%), while " publicity and guidance" was less used, only 4 (1.96%). Among the supply-oriented policy tools, " clarifying the reporting and handling service functions of public health emergencies" was the most widely used, being 34 (16.67%), while " Informationization" and " infrastructure construction" was less used, being 8 (3.92%) and 6 (2.94%) respectively. Few of the demand-oriented policy tools were in use, as " government purchase" and " medical insurance support" were both 2 (0.98% each), and " social medical care" was only 1 (0.49%).Conclusions:The distribution of three types of policy tools for function and development of infectious disease hospitals is unbalanced, the use of environmental and supply-oriented policy tools is excessive and internal structure is unbalanced. The proportion of environmental-oriented policy tools needs to be adjusted, and the frequency of use of supporting tools such as relevant standards, norms, incentives, supervision and publicity should be increased. Supply-oriented policies need to be further optimized, especially in terms of personnel training, funding, information technology and infrastructure construction. Demand-oriented policy tools are seriously underused and need to be further developed.

Objective To collect and summarize the opinions of experts on the improvement of China's disease prevention and control system published in the public media, so as to provide reference for the relevant construction planning of the government. Methods: Articles were collected from January to May, 2020, which were published on Chinese mainstream media. Based on the analysis of literature and the basic characteristics of experts, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to summarize the construction points of experts in different construction fields. Results: A total of 19 opinion articles were finally included in the study and 29 experts were involved. The suggestions of experts on the construction of China's disease prevention and control system were summarized into four aspects. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge to the existing public health epidemic prevention and control system in China, and also an important opportunity for the development and construction of the related system.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Hospitals, especially public hospitals, are an important part of the public health service system. To clarify public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China and provide evidences for related health policy decisions, this article introduced the public health services of hospitals in the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, and then analyzed public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China through literature review and case study. The authors summed up eight kinds of public health service functions, and put forward policy advices to promote the performance of public health functions of public hospitals in China.

An assessment is a key to public health management. This article reviewed the experiences and researches of assessment on public-health system, as well as public health service quality of medical institutions in America, the United Kingdom and Australia among other countries. On such basis, suggestions were provided on assessments of public health service in China, in order to help the government to improve its indicator evaluation system.

Objective: To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions. Methods: June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing. Results: Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26(59.1%) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions. Conclusions Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.

Objective: To explore the establishment of an evaluation indicator system for disease prevention and control workload at public hospitals, based on the current situation of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing, and to provide evaluation assistance for them to do better in this regard. Methods: This research was based on our pervious study of the current situation description of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals in Beijing, by which the contents of routine disease prevention and control work at hospitals have been initially established. The unit strength of each work was consulted, and the disease prevention and control work was classified according to the results. Meanwhile the consistency test of the work intensity within the category was carried out. After integration, the classification and evaluation indicator of disease prevention and control work in public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing was finally established. Results: The workload evaluation indicator system was divided into eight parts: report work, report quality control work, monitoring work, training work, work of public health related clinical diagnosis and treatment, work of clinical examination and vaccination, work of sampling and testing and public health related consultation work. The work intensity of each category ranged from 4.78 to 7.34. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of workload is suitable for the evaluation of basic works. The unified transformation of workload by using the value of work intensity is conducive to management evaluation, but the limitation of the indicators exists in time and region, making it necessary to adjust by the local specific situation at the promotion and application level.

Objective To investigate the relationship between rs17525495 locus polymorphism of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene and the severity of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods A total of 184 TBM patients from Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2014 to October 2016 were selected as research subjects. According to the British Medical Research Council criteria, the severity of TBM patients was divided into three stages. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs17525495 of LTA4H gene was sequenced, and the general case data, clinical manifestations and results of lumbar puncture were analyzed. Results There were 91 cases (49.5％) of CC genotypes of rs17525495 locus in LTA4H gene of 184 cases, 75 cases (40.8％) of CT genotypes and 18 cases (9.8％) of TT genotypes. The frequency of allele C was 69.8％ and T was 30.2％. Patients with different genotypes were compared for their severity, clinical manifestations and lumbar puncture results. Among CC patients, the proportion of stage Ⅰ patients(54.9％, 50/91)was higher than that of stage Ⅱ(22.0％, 20/91)and Ⅲ(23.1％, 21/91). Among TT patients, the proportion of patients with stage Ⅱ(8/18)and Ⅲ(8/18)was higher than patients with stageⅠ(2/18)(χ2=15.898,P=0.003). The incidence of headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, neck stiffness, epilepsy and disturbance of consciousness was statistically analyzed. Compared with CC and CT patients, the incidence of fever(TT:13/18,CC:42/91,CT:50/75,χ2=8.932,P=0.011)and neck stiffness(TT:12/18,CC:38/91,CT:46/75,χ2=7.993,P=0.018)was higher in TT patients. Headache, nausea and vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, and the incidence of epilepsy showed no statistically significant difference. And there was no statistically significant difference in lumbar puncture pressure, chloride, protein and glucose between different genotypes. Conclusion TBM patients with mild illness frequently prompt LTA4H gene rs17525495 locus for the CC type;while patients with severe disease prompt TT type.

A number of studies on hospital information system (HIS) and regional information platform have been carried out in different medical institutions since HIS was defined as one ofThe 4 Beams and 8 Pillarsin 2009 , during which good results were achieved and many problems were exposed .The application of electronic medical record (EMR), a key part of HIS, is grealy concerned.The application of electronic medical record system ( EMRS) and related problems were thus described in this paper in order to provide reference for bringing it into a better play, normalizing its management, and reducing its disadvantages.