BACKGROUND:The Yi people have used Sambucus adnata Wall to treat fractures,bruises,arthritis,etc.The author's group found that the active site aqueous extract(SAW-A)and dichloromethane extract(SAW-B)can promote fracture healing by promoting the expression of genes related to osteoblast proliferation,differentiation and maturation,differentiation and maturation.However,the therapeutic effect of methanol extract(SAW-C)at its active site on osteoarthritis is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Sambucus adnata Wall extract on osteoarthritis,and to identify the effective targets of Sambucus adnata Wall extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis by network pharmacology technology. METHODS:A rat osteoarthritis model was replicated by anterior cruciate ligamentectomy and model rats were then treated with methanol extract of Sambucus adnata Wall by gavage for 21 days.On the 21st day after modeling,the knee joint of rats was detected by X-ray,the width of the knee joint was measured,oxidative stress indexes and inflammatory factors levels in serum and joint lavage fluid were detected,the morphology of the knee joint was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,full-thickness cartilage and hyaline cartilage thickness were measured,and the content of articular cartilage proteoglycan was observed by safranin O-fast green staining.The"drug-component-disease-target"network was constructed.Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis of effective targets were performed,and protein-protein interaction network maps were constructed using cytoscape software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sambucus adnata Wall extract could reduce tumor necrosis factor-α level in joint lavage fluid and serum levels of prostaglandin E2 and malondialdehyde,while increase the level of superoxide dismutase;relieve joint swelling caused by osteoarthritis;improve the histopathological state of articular cartilage,maintain the thickness of full-thickness articular cartilage,hyaline cartilage and the area of bone trabeculae in subchondral bone;and effectively prevent the loss of proteoglycans in articular cartilage and have a chondroprotective effect.Network pharmacological results showed that the methanol extract of Sambucus adnata Wall may have some targets related to inhibition of tumor necrosis factor,AKT1,interleukin-6,MAPK3,and SRC as well as inhibition of over-activation of EGFR signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the supportive communication ability of medical undergraduates, and to propose strategies to improve supportive communication.Methods:By cluster sampling, we selected 388 medical undergraduates of grades 2017 and 2018 from Harbin Medical University for a questionnaire survey on supportive communication, general self-efficacy, and health education abilities. SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis. AMOS 22.0 was used to construct a structural equation model to verify the relationship between the three variables. Mediating effects were also tested.Results:The students showed good supportive communication ability, with a total score of (74.28±10.84) points. The general self-efficacy score was (27.81±5.58) points, and the total score of health education ability was (25.50±4.76) points. General self-efficacy had direct positive effects on supportive communication and health education abilities ( β=0.75, 0.31, both P<0.001). Health education ability had a direct positive effect on supportive communication ability ( β=0.14, P<0.001). Health education ability played a significant mediating role in the influence of general self-efficacy on supportive communication ability (standardized mediating effect value=0.042, P<0.01), with the mediating effect accounting for 5.1%. Conclusions:The health education competency of medical undergraduates can mediate the effect of general self-efficacy on supportive communication ability. By strengthening medical humanities education to increase general self-efficacy and also emphasizing the cultivation of health education competency, the supportive communication ability of students can be improved.

OBJECTIVES: The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes. METHODS: We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS: Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030). CONCLUSIONS MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is composed of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and its associated proteins, which are widely present in bacteria and archaea, serving as a specific immune protection against viral and phage secondary infections. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is the third generation of targeted genome editing technologies following zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs). The CRISPR-Cas9 technology is now widely used in various fields. Firstly, this article introduces the generation, working mechanism and advantages of CRISPR-Cas9 technology; secondly, it reviews the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene knockout, gene knock-in, gene regulation and genome in breeding and domestication of important food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato. Finally, the article summarizes the current problems and challenges encountered by CRISPR-Cas9 technology and prospects future development and application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Plant Breeding ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics* ; Technology

Objective:To introduce the discovery and nomenclature of the intercondylar foramen of femur (IFF) and foramen of tibial intercondylar eminence (FTIE) and research the close relationship between the high recurrence rate of aggressive tumors around the knee joint and the foramina around the knee joint.Methods:①Radiographic observation and measurement: 3D reconstruction of CT scan of 200 patients in our hospital were used to obverse the common feature、position and measure of Inter-condylar foramen of femur and Foramen of tibial intercondylar eminence. ②Anatomical and histological observation: To proof the existence of IFF and FTIE through the anatomy of 15 cases of car accidents or tumor amputations and 60 cases of autopsy. Then the specific location, the surrounding structure, the proximal coverage, the contents, the apical construction, the wall and the bottom tissues of the IFF and FTIE were studied and analyzed. ③Histological and pathological observation of tumor anatomy: Through the study of the distal femur and tibia malignant tumor tissues(including primary bone tumors and metastatic tumors), we observed the relationship between the foraminal structures and the tumor, judged the situation of concealed transmission and two-way spread through the foramina, and analyzed the relationship between tumor recurrence and foraminal structures. ④The synovial membrane of foramina, especially in cases where the synovium was suspected to be involved by the lesions judged by the radiography was analyzed to observe whether the synovium was infiltrated by the tumor.Results:IFF and FTIE were the inherent physical structure of the human. Their physiological function was the vascular foramina that lead the branches of arteria media genus into the Intercondylar fossa of femur and tibial intercondylar eminence. Their opening was separated with the joint cavity by the synovial tissues, so IFF and FTIE were isolated with joint cavity by the synovial tissues、meniscus and cruciate ligaments. After invading the IFF and FTIE, the aggressive tumors did not break into the joint cavity immediately, but conceal in the foramina and invade the synovium with specific biological behavior with the sequence: reactive edema, hyperplasia, degeneration, calcification, hyaline degeneration (infiltration in some cases), synovial rupture, and then tumor invasion of the articular cavity. Usually, tumors or recurrence has been observed before synovial rupture. We also observed the tendency of tumors to spread along the arteria media genus to the popliteal vessels, peripheral soft tissues and lymphatic vessels with typical radiographic performance like popliteal lymphadenectasis. Color nodules and tumors in other parts could also invade or metastasize into bone through these foramina.Conclusions:IFF and FTIE are foramina nutricium of arteria media genus. They are the inherent physical structure of the human. The foramina play an important role in the spread, concealment and recurrence of peripheralkneeaggressive tumor.

Objective: To explore prevalence of childhood neglect and autonomic nervous function, and its association in sixth graders students in Harbin, and to provide clues to improve physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used to select 1 259 students from grade 6 in 5 schools in two districts of Harbin, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and TOHO University Medical Index (TMI) were filled in. Results: The total rate of childhood neglect was 45.7%, of which the rate of emotional neglect and physical neglect were 18.8%, 40.8%. The rate of autonomic nerves disorder was 47.2%. The rate of autonomic nerves disorder in students suffered from neglect, emotional neglect, physical neglect are higher than those without any of neglect(χ2=50.52, 32.02, 43.61, P<0.01), and with the increase of the degree of neglect, the rate of autonomic nervous disorder were gradually increasing(χ2=47.99, 47.07, 49.24, P<0.01). After controlled for gender, neglect, emotional neglect, physical neglect were positively associated with autonomic nerves disorder(OR=1.53-2.34, P<0.05), and the odd ratio for autonomic nerves disorder among those with mild-to-moderate,moderate-to-severe and extremely servere neglect was 1.37, 1.83, 5.10 compared to those with none or mild neglect. Conclusion Childhood neglect is closely related to adolescent the autonomic nerves disorder in sixth graders students in Harbin. Moreover, the more serious the childhood neglect is, the higher the detection rate of autonomic nerves disorder is. In order to improve the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, it is necessary to pay attention to childhood neglect and early assessment of their autonomic function.

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS),as the gold standard of subtype diagnosis for primary aldosteronism,can directly detect the hormone concentration in adrenal vein by adrenal vein cannulation.Adrenal tumor can be categorized into no function adenoma,adrenal carcinoma,aldosterone producing adenoma (APA),cortisol producing adenoma (CPA) and pheochromocytoma.Traditionally,peripheral blood hormone testing and image examination were performed to make functional diagnosis of adrenal tumor,which exhibits low specificity and sensitivity.On the contrary,AVS can help make a distinct lateralization diagnosis according the aldosterone concentration of each gland,even in the condition of bilateral adrenal tumor and early stage tumor,which is difficult to make functional lateralization diagnosis by traditional methods.AVS can be categorized into simultaneous sampiing and sequencing sampling,according to the order of sampling.According to using adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or not,AVS can be categorized into no stimulus sampling and post-stimulus sampling.

Objective: To understand current situation and relations of childhood abuse and psychological capital, providing scientific basis for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 894 students from junior high schools and senior high schools in Harbin. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Childhood Trauma QuestionnaireShort Form (CTQ-SF) and Positive Psychological Capital (PPQ). Results: The total rate of childhood abuse among adolescents in the region was 98.3%. In addition to emotional abuse, scores of other dimensions of childhood abuse were higher for boys than for girls(P<0.01). Childhood abuse in rural area was higher than those in urban area except physical abuse(P<0.05). High psychological capital was observed among participants with boys higher in selfefficacy and resilience than that of girls(P<0.05). Psychological capital in urban students was higher than rural students(P<0.05). Except for the negative correlation between sexual abuse and resilience, all other dimensions of childhood abuse were negatively correlated with four dimensions of psychological capital. Stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect was negatively correlated with all dimensions of psychological capital(P<0.01); Sexual abuse showed negative association with selfefficacy and optimism(P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood abuse is closely related to psychological capital among adolescents in Harbin, suggesting exposure to childhood abuse might confer detrimental effects on psychological capital development.

Objective: To investigate the current status of professional identity among the undergraduates majoring in public affairs management and the related influence factors. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among the 115 undergraduates majoring in public affairs management in a medical university in Harbin, China, and the contents of the questionnaires included general status and professional identity. The t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of professional identity. In-depth interviews were conducted for some students to explore the profound influencing factors for professional identity among the students majoring in public affairs management. Results: The overall level of professional identity was low among the undergraduates majoring in public affairs management in the medical university in Harbin, and the score of professional identity was 3.25±0.56. The scores of cognitive dimension, emotional dimension, behavioral dimension, and applicable dimension were 3.41±0.69, 3.21±0.78, 3.24±0.71, and 3.13±0.72, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that grade, academic performance, major selection, and children number in family had significant influence on their professional identity. The students who were at grade four, who had high academic record (b=-0.276, P<0.01), who chose this major independently (b=-0.277, P<0.01), and who were the only child (b=-0.233, P<0.05) had a high score of professional identity. As for the undergraduates at different grades, the undergraduates at grades two and three had a significantly lower score of professional identity than those at grade four (b=-0.296 and -0.369, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the undergraduates at grades one and four (b=-0.008, P>0.05). Furthermore, the students with a high score of professional identity had higher possibility to pursue the job related to this major than those with a low score (3.39±0.53 vs. 2.92±0.49, t=4.414, P<0.01). Conclusion Universities should strengthen the publicity of the major of public affairs management, optimize the curriculum, and add job experience, so as to enhance professional identity among students with this major and provide talent for the field of public health management.

To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience to childhood abuse and binge eating. This study assessed the childhood abuse, binge eating and psychological resilience of 3 453 middle school students in Harbin city, Heilongjiang Province. SPSS PROCESS macro program, combined with Bootstrap method, was employed to explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience. The incidence of middle school students experiencing at least one type of abuse in their childhood was 81.3% (2 807/3 453). Childhood abuse, psychological resilience and binge eating were all significantly different in terms of gender, household registration and whether they were only child (all P values<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between childhood abuse and binge eating. Psychological resilience was negatively associated with childhood abuse and binge eating. Childhood abuse could not only directly predict the binge eating behavior of adolescents, but also could indirectly affect it via psychological resilience.