Objective:To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of primary bladder mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALToma).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 9 primary bladder MALToma patients diagnosed and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors at the Fujian Provincial Hospital, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Mindong Hospital of Ningde City, Zhangzhou Second Hospital and Fuzhou Taijiang Hospital from December 2008 to December 2021 were collected. Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were collected for HE staining, immunohistochemical staining and genetic testing, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were summarized, and the literature was reviewed.Results:Of the 9 cases, 8 were female and 1 was male, the age was (59± 11) years old (range: 39-74 years old). Two cases had 3 lesions, 3 cases had 2 lesions, and 4 cases had single lesion. The maximum diameter of the mass was (3.2±1.9) cm (range: 0.3-7.0 cm). The follow-up time was 6-127 months, 4 cases lost to follow-up, 4 cases were disease-free survival, and 1 case was survival with tumor. Pathomorphologically, the bladder tissue consisted of diffusely infiltrating small-to-medium sized lymphocytes, with moderate amounts of pale-staining cytoplasm, without obvious nucleoli, some of them were translucent, and the mitosis was rare. Large cell proliferation in some areas was observed in 1 case, with prominent nucleoli and mitotic figures. Tumor cells in all 9 patients expressed CD20; bcl-2, CD43 and CD38 were positive in some cells in 4 cases, and CD138 was positive in a few cells in 2 cases; κ was positive in 4 cases, and scattered positive in 5 cases; λ was positive in 4 cases, and scattered positive in 5 cases. B-cell receptor gene clonal rearrangement was positive in all 8 cases who underwent the assay. No break-apart signal was observed in all 6 cases who underwent the fluorescence in situ hybridization assay with MALT1 gene segregation probe.Conclusions:Primary bladder MALToma is a rare low-grade B-cell lymphoma that is more commonly found in elderly women. There is no abnormal change in MALT1 gene.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of muscle index changing value during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer after radical gastrec-tomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 362 gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical gastrectomy in 3 medical centers, including 163 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 141 cases in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and 58 cases in St. Mary′s Hospital, from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. There were 270 males and 92 females, aged from 26 to 79 years, with a median age of 61 years. Of 362 patients, 304 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University were allocated into modeling group and 58 cases in St. Mary′s Hospital were allocated into validation group. Observation indicators: (1) changes of indicators including body composition parameters, tumor markers and stress status indicators in patients in modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (2) follow-up and survival of patients; (3) analysis of risk factor affecting prognosis of patients in modeling group; (4) construc-tion and comparison of prognostic prediction models; (5) evaluation of prognostic prediction models. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination, telephone interview and mail communication to detect postoperative survival of patients up to April 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the COX proportional hazard model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. The Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Changes of indicators including body composition parameters, tumor markers and stress status indicators in patients in modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the subcutaneous adipose index, visceral adipose index, muscle index, carcinoem-bryonic antigen, CA19-9, body mass index, prognostic nutritional index and modified systemic inflammation score of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 31.2 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.6?96.0 cm 2/m 2), 25.1 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.1?86.3 cm 2/m 2), 47.1 cm 2/m 2(range, 27.6?76.6 cm 2/m 2), 43.2 μg/L(range, 0.2?1 000.0 μg/L), 108.7(range, 0.6? 1 000.0)U/mL, 21.9 kg/m 2(range, 15.6?29.7 kg/m 2), 46.8(range, 28.6?69.0), 1.0±0.8, respectively. The above indicators of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group before radical gastrec-tomy were 32.5 cm 2/m 2(range, 5.1?112.0 cm 2/m 2), 25.4 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.2?89.0 cm 2/m 2), 47.0 cm 2/m 2(range, 16.8?67.0 cm 2/m 2), 17.0 μg/L(range, 0.2?1 000.0 μg/L), 43.9 U/mL(range, 0.6?1 000.0 U/mL), 21.6 kg/m 2(range, 31.1?29.0 kg/m 2), 47.7(range, 30.0?84.0), 1.0±0.8, respectively. The changing value of above indicators of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 1.4 cm 2/m 2(range, ?31.0?35.1 cm 2/m 2), 0.2 cm 2/m 2(range, ?23.5?32.6 cm 2/m 2), ?0.1 cm 2/m 2(range, ?18.2?15.9 cm 2/m 2), ?26.2 μg/L(range, ?933.5?89.9 μg/L), ?64.9 U/mL(range, ?992.1?178.6 U/mL), ?0.3 kg/m 2(range, ?9.7?7.1 kg/m 2), 0.9(range, ?27.1?38.2), 0.0±0.8, respec-tively. (2) Follow-up and survival of patients: 284 of 304 patients in the modeling group were followed up for 3 to 130 months, with a median follow-up time of 36 months. During follow-up, 130 cases died of tumor recurrence and metastasis and 9 cases died of non-tumor causes. The 5-year overall survival rate was 54.6%. Fifty-two of 58 patients in the validation group were followed up for 2 to 91 months, with a median follow-up time of 29 months. During follow-up, 21 cases died with the 5-year overall survival rate of 63.8%. (3) Analysis of risk factor affecting prognosis of patients in modeling group: results of univariate analysis showed that the postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging were related factors affecting 5-year overall survival rate [ hazard ratio=1.685, 2.619, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.139?2.493, 1.941?3.533, P<0.05] and 5-year progression free rate survival of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.468, 2.577, 95% CI: 1.000?2.154, 1.919?3.461, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging were independent influencing factors for 5-year overall survival rate of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.508, 2.287, 95% CI: 1.013?2.245, 1.691?3.093, P<0.05) and the postoperative patholo-gical staging was an independent influencing factor for 5-year progression free survival rate of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio= 2.317,95% CI: 1.719?3.123, P<0.05). (4) Construction and comparison of prognostic prediction models: the area under curve (AUC) of prognostic prediction model of subcutaneous adipose index changing value, visceral adipose index changing value, carcinoembryonic antigen changing value, CA19-9 changing value, body mass index changing value, prognostic nutritional index changing value, modified systemic inflammation score changing value for 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group were 0.549(95% CI: 0.504?0.593), 0.501(95% CI: 0.456?0.546), 0.566(95% CI: 0.521?0.610), 0.519(95% CI: 0.474?0.563), 0.588(95% CI: 0.545?0.632), 0.553(95% CI: 0.509?0.597), 0.539(95% CI: 0.495?0.584). The AUC of prognostic prediction model of muscle index changing value was 0.661(95% CI: 0.623?0.705) with significant differences to the AUC of prognostic predic-tion model of subcutaneous adipose index changing value, visceral adipose index changing value, carcinoembryonic antigen changing value, CA19-9 changing value, body mass index changing value, prognostic nutritional index changing value, modified systemic inflammation score changing value, respectively ( Z=3.960, 5.326, 3.353, 4.786, 2.455, 3.448, 3.987, P<0.05). The optimum cut-off value was 0.7 cm 2/m 2 for prognostic prediction model of muscle index changing. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed there were significant differences of overall survival and progression free survival for gastric cancer patients with subcutaneous adipose index changing value <0.7 cm 2/m 2 and ≥0.7 cm 2/m 2 in the modeling group ( χ2 =27.510, 21.830, P<0.05). The nomogram prognostic prediction model was cons-tructed based on 3 prognostic indicators including muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging and the AUC of nomogram prognostic prediction model were 0.762(95% CI: 0.708?0.815) and 0.788(95% CI: 0.661?0.885) for the modeling group and the validation group, respectively. The AUC of postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model were 0.706(95% CI: 0.648?0.765) and 0.727(95% CI: 0.594?0.835)for the modeling group and the validation group, respectively. There were significant differences of the AUC between the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging and the postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model in the modeling group and the validation group, respectively ( Z=3.522, 1.830, P<0.05). (5) Evaluation of prognostic prediction models: the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging showed that patients with score of 0-6 were classified in the low risk group, patients with score of >6 and ≤10 were classified in the moderate-low risk group, patients with score of >10 and ≤13 were classified in the moderate-high risk group and patients with score of >13 were classified in the high risk group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed there were significant differences of the overall survival between the low risk group, moderate-low risk group, moderate-high risk group and high risk group patients in the modeling group and the validation group, respectively ( χ2 =75.276, 14.989, P<0.05). Results of decision making curve showed the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging had better clinical utility than the postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model in the modeling group and the validation group. Conclusions:The muscle index changing value of gastric cancer patient during neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic indicator for gastric cancer patient prognosis after radical gastrectomy. The risk score of the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging can be used to evaluate the survival and prognosis of gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.

Pre-transfusion compatibility testing is complicated in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients due to the presence of autoantibodies. Delays in blood transfusion or even life-threatening would occur if blood type, isoantibodies/ autoantibodies of these patients could not be correctly identified to choose the appropriate blood components. Knowing the detection and treatment countermeasures against blood transfusion compatibility in AIHA patients is of great significance to ensure the timeliness and safety of blood transfusion. Based on the research progress at home and abroad, this article summarizes the serological characteristics, autoantibody types, blood group identification methods, antibody screening and antibody identification methods, and blood transfusion strategies about AIHA patients, in order to eliminate the interference of autoantibodies and provide transfusion guidance for the staff of Blood Transfusion Department.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mouse model (gp120) with 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7nAChR) gene knockout. METHODS: The 7nAChR gene knockout mice (7R) were crossed with HIV-1gp120 transgenic mice (gp120) to generate F1 generation mice. We selected the F1 mice with the genotype of 7R/gp120 to mate to obtain the F2 mice. The genotypes of the F3 mice were identified by PCR, and the protein expressions in the double transgenic animal model was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. BV2 cells were treated with gp120 protein and 7nAChR inhibitor, and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF- were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: The results of PCR showed the bands of the expected size in F3 mice. Two F3 mice with successful double gene editing (7R/gp120) were obtained, and immunohistochemistry showed that the brain tissue of the mice did not express 7 nAChR but with high gp120 protein expression. In the cell experiment, treatment with gp120 promoted the secretion of IL-1β and TNF- in BV2 cells, while inhibition of 7nAChR significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β and TNF- ( < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS By mating gp120 Tg mice with 7R mice, we obtained gp120 transgenic mice with 7nAChR gene deletion, which serve as a new animal model for exploring the role of 7nAChR in gp120-induced neurotoxicity.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage( BAL) in the treatment of neonatal atelectasis with fiberoptic bronchoscopy under ultrasound monitoring. Methods From June 2018 to December 2018,29 children were diagnosed as atelectasis by lung ultrasound. After conventional mechanical vibration and sputum ineffective,BAL was treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. All patients be-fore operation were monitored by ultrasound to find the lung segment where the atelectasis was located. 0. 9%NaCl solution was injected by fibrobronchoscope(1～2 ml/kg),and then sucked to ensure the recovery rate of the lavage fluid was more than 50%. After each lavage,ultrasound was immediately used to monitor the recovery of atelectasis to determine whether or not to continue the lavage. One course of treatment could be continuously performed BAL 1 to 3 times a day,1 course per day,and up to 3 courses of lavage. We analyzed the efficacy,adverse reactions and complications of BAL in the treatment of neonatal atelectasis under ultra-sound monitoring. Results Twenty-nine patients underwent BAL treatment with fiberoptic bronchoscopy,25 cases (86. 2%) were cured,3 cases (10. 3%) were effective,and 1 case (3. 4%) was ineffective. All chil-dren had stable vital signs during treatment. Among them,11 cases (37. 9%) had transient hypoxemia, 3 ca-ses (10. 3%) had tracheal mucosal injury, and 2 cases (6. 9%) had hoarseness. There were no serious com-plications such as pulmonary hemorrhage,pneumothorax,and cardiac arrest. Conclusion BAL treatment of atelectasis under lung ultrasound monitoring has obvious effect,easy to operate,no radiation,no obvious ad-verse reactions and complications,which is worthy of clinical application.

Protein nitration and nitrosylation are essential post-translational modifications (PTMs) involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that excessive levels of nitration and nitrosylation in some critical proteins are linked to numerous chronic diseases. Therefore, the identification of substrates that undergo such modifications in a site-specific manner is an important research topic in the community and will provide candidates for targeted therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a computational tool for predicting nitration and nitrosylation sites in proteins. We first constructed four types of encoding features, including positional amino acid distributions, sequence contextual dependencies, physicochemical properties, and position-specific scoring features, to represent the modified residues. Based on these encoding features, we established a predictor called DeepNitro using deep learning methods for predicting protein nitration and nitrosylation. Using n-fold cross-validation, our evaluation shows great AUC values for DeepNitro, 0.65 for tyrosine nitration, 0.80 for tryptophan nitration, and 0.70 for cysteine nitrosylation, respectively, demonstrating the robustness and reliability of our tool. Also, when tested in the independent dataset, DeepNitro is substantially superior to other similar tools with a 7%-42% improvement in the prediction performance. Taken together, the application of deep learning method and novel encoding schemes, especially the position-specific scoring feature, greatly improves the accuracy of nitration and nitrosylation site prediction and may facilitate the prediction of other PTM sites. DeepNitro is implemented in JAVA and PHP and is freely available for academic research at http://deepnitro.renlab.org.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Deep Learning ; Humans ; Internet ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Nitrosation ; Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software

With the advancement and development of life science and technology,many problems in liver surgery have been solved,and the surgical procedures of liver surgery have been continuously developed and the indications for surgery have been continuously expanded.Benign and malignant lesions and even donor liver can be performed under laparoscopy.The indications for laparoscopic liver resection are expanding,from superficial liver resection to a wider range of anatomical resection.At the same time of technological advancement,along with the development of the humanistic spirit,liver resection is not only the removal of lesions,but the pursuit of rehabilitation,which is "the best rehabilitation with minimal trauma".Laparoscopic liver resection has been greatly developed due to the spread of the concept of "precise medicine".

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of β-carotene on inflammatory factors (IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.Methods:Firstly,RAW264.7 cells of being induced by 4 (5 μg/ml)for 24 h were treated with different concentration of β-carotene (20,40,80,160 pmol/L)for 3 h.The cells viability was measured by MTIT,the mRNA relative expression of IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-cα was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,the secretion capacity of IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α was detected by ELISA and the protein relative expression of NF-κB p65 protein was measured by Western blot.Secondly,RAW264.7 cells were induced by LPS(5 μg/ml) and different concentration of PDTC(1,5,10 μg/ml)for 24 h,NF-κB p65 protein was measured by Western blot and inflammatory factors were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and ELISA.Finally,compared the changes in the relative expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65 protein between LPS+PDTC group and LPS+PDTC + β-carotene group.Results:Compared with the LPS-induced group,β-carotene could increase the cell viability of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and inhibied the relative expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65 protein.Inhibited the relative expression of NF-κB p65 protein could reduce the relative expression of inflammatory factors.Compared with the LPS+PDTC group,LPS +PDTC + β-carotene group could inhibit the relative expression of inflammatory factors significantly (P＜0.05).But,there was little difference about the relative expression of NF-κB p65 protein between this two groups.Conclusion:β-carotene inhibits the relative expression of inflammatory factors(IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells through inhibition of NF-κB p65 protein in NF-κB pathway,this pathway isn't unique.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in the evaluation of cardiac function in patients with severe burns. Methods A total of 78 patients with severe burns in intensive care unit(ICU)in our hospital were selected. Patients were divided into a heart failure group(n = 31)and a non-heart failure group(n = 47)according to the heart failure complication condition. The changes of NT-proBNP level in different time ,heart function index ,relevant index and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of NT-proBNP ,troponin(CTnT),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),stroke volume index (SVI),cardiac index (CI) and central venous pressure (CVP),and the score of acute physiologic and chronic health conditions(APACHE II)in the heart failure group were shown to be significantly increased than those of the non-heart failure group (P < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure(MAP)in the heart failure group was significantly lower than the non-heart failure group(P < 0.05). Mortality rate in the heart failure group was shown to be significantly higher than the non-heart failure group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Heart failure is a common complication in patients with severe burns. The mortality rate in the population with heart failure is relatively high ,for which NT-proBNP can effectively assess the conditions and prognosis.

Programmed death-1(PD-1)is a major co-suppression receptor expressed on T cells.Binding with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2),PD-1 can inhibit T cell proliferation,activation and cytokine secretion.In normal organs,PD-1 /PD-Ls signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining immune tolerance,while during tumorigenesis,it can suppress T cell immune response and promote tumor immune escape.This article reviewed the research progress on PD-1 /PD-Ls signaling pathway,comprised of structure and expression of PD-1 /PD-Ls, mechanism of the signaling pathway,as well as the expression characteristics of soluble form of PD-1 /PD-L1 (sPD-1 /sPD-L1),and summarized the categories of anti-PD-1 /PD-Ls antibodies and their clinical trials in canc-er immunotherapy.