OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of paeoniflorin （PF） in anti-hyperprolactinemia （HPRL）. METHODS Twenty-four female SD rats were divided into blank control group （intragastric administration of 5% gum arabic solution）， olanzapine group （model group， intragastric administration of 5 mg/kg olanzapine suspension）， and PF group （intragastric administration of 5 mg/kg olanzapine suspension， followed by gavaging with 50 mg/kg PF solution 2 hours later） with 8 rats in each group. Once a day， continuously model/administer until the plasma prolactin （PRL） levels in the olanzapine group were twice as high as those in the blank control group. PRL levels were measured. The changes in gut microbiota of rats were analyzed， including assessments of α-diversity （Simpson， Chao1， and Shannon indexes）， β-diversity， species composition analysis （at the phylum and genus levels）， and microbiome LEfSe analysis. Fecal untargeted metabolomics technology was employed to analyze the effects of PF on the fecal metabolomics of rats， including multivariate statistical analysis， screening of differential metabolites， and pathway enrichment analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between differential microbiota and differential fecal metabolites. RESULTS PF significantly reduced serum PRL levels of rats in olanzapine group （P＜0.05）. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PF improved the α-diversity and β-diversity of gut microbiota in HPRL rats （P＜0.05）， restoring them to levels similar to the blank control group. At the phylum level， PF significantly reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota， while increasing the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota in HPRL rats （all P＜0.05）. At the genus level， PF reversed the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio，Allobaculum， and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group， etc （all P＜0.05）. The results of LEfSe analysis revealed that PF significantly enriched microbial taxa such as Actinobacteriota，Staphylococcales， Corynebacteriales， etc （all P＜0.05）. Metabolomics analysis identified 51 differential metabolites， with key metabolic pathways enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis， prostate cancer， ovarian steroidogenesis， etc. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of gut microbiota such as Desulfovibrio and Aerococcus was significantly correlated with the levels of steroid hormone metabolites such as tetrahydrocortisol and adrenosterone （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PF alleviates PRL by modulating gut microbiota structure in HPRL rats （including significantly reducing the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio， Allobaculum and Aerococcus， as well as significantly increasing the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UBA1819 and Muribaculum）， and regulating steroid hormone pathways， then exerting its anti-HPRL effect.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective:To introduce the health insurance fund supervision model in Japan,compare the current situation of health insurance fund supervision in China,learn from experiences,and propose suggestions for improvement.Methods:By combining cases and regulatory effects,it introduces Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model.Results:Japan's"guidance-inspection"based health insurance fund supervision model is relatively effective.Compared with China,it has a higher level of organizational hierarchy,focuses on education in its supervisory approach,clarifies the direction of patients'self-paid expences,and has a well-developed dual-way communication mechanism.Conclusion:China should establish a comprehensive health insurance fund supervision pathway,clearly define the resolution pathway for self-paid expenses caused by violations,and improve the mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution during the process.

Objective: This study’s objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy System (PMTS) in improving insomnia disorder. Methods: Participants with insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to receive either PMTS or sham treatment for four weeks (n= 153; PMTS: 76, sham: 77). Primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores at week 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4 (treatment), and 5 (follow-up). Secondary outcomes are the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and week 4, and weekly sleep diary-derived values for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, real sleep time, waking after sleep onset, and sleep duration. Results: The ISI scores of the PMTS group and the sham group were 7.13±0.50, 11.07±0.51 at week 4, respectively. There was a significant group×time interaction for ISI (F3.214, 485.271=24.25, p<0.001, ηp 2=0.138). Only the PMTS group experienced continuous improvement throughout the study; in contrast, the sham group only experienced a modest improvement after the first week of therapy. At the end of the treatment and one week after it, the response of the PMTS group were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6%–79.0%), 75.0% (95% CI: 64.1%–83.4%), respectively, which were higher than the response of the sham group (p<0.001). For each of the secondary outcomes, similar group×time interactions were discovered. The effects of the treatment persisted for at least a week. Conclusion PMTS is safe and effective in improving insomnia disorders.