ObjectiveTo observe the effect ofZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on the expressions of glutamate, NR2A and NR2B in hippocampus of diabetic rats with depression;To explore the mechanism of protective effect. Methods Diabetes with depression rat models were established and then were randomly divided into the model group, positive medicine group, high-, medium- and low-doseZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula groups. Normal rats acted as normal group, 16 rats per group. After 28 days of administration, Open-field test was used to detect the behavior of the rats;glutamate content of hippocampus was detected by ELISA;the expressions of NR2A and NR2B in rat hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with normal group, automatic activity times of rats in model group decreased significantly (P<0.01);both glutamate content (P<0.01) and expressions of NR2A, NR2B (P<0.01) increased significantly. Compared with the model group, automatic activity times of rats in positive medicine group and high-doseZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula group significantly increased (P<0.01);glutamate content dropped (P<0.01);expressions of NR2A and NR2B decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula can improve depressive behavior of diabetic rats with depression, which may be related to the regulation of glutamate content and expressions of NR2A and NR2B in hippocampus.

Aims To construct an expression vector of human lncRNA H 1 9 ,and to determine the effect of H1 9 overexpression on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Methods Total RNA was extracted from MCF-7 cells,and the full-length of H1 9 lncRNA was amplified by RT-PCR and subcloned into pcDNA3.1 (-)ex-pression vector.The constructed H1 9 expression vector was transfected into HEK-293T and COS-7 cells and the H1 9 lncRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR.Following the transfection of H1 9 expression vec-tor into MCF-7 cells for 0,24h and 48h and H1 9 siR-NA interference fragment into MCF-7 cells for 24h, MCF-7 cell proliferation was determined by MTS as-say.Results A hH1 9-pcDNA3.1 (-)expression vector was successfully constructed. At Forty-eight hours after the transfection with H1 9 expression vector in to MCF-7 cells,cell proliferation was significantly increased in the transfected group compared to those without transfection and to those transfected with a neg-ative control vector,while twenty-four hours after the transfection with H1 9 siRNA interference fragment into MCF-7 cells,cell proliferation was significantly de-creased in the transfected group compared to those transfected with a negative control vector.Conclusion Ectopic overexpression of H1 9 lncRNA can promote breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation.

Objective To explore the effects of moxibustion and electroacupuncture at points on the Du meridian on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP ) in rats with spinal cord injury ( SCI ).Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group, a SCI group, a moxibustion group and an electroacupuncture group. Rats in the latter three groups were subjected to spinal cord transection under a microscope. Moxibustion and electroacupuncture were administered to rats in those groups at points on the Du meridian daily for 3 days beginning on the 7th day after the operation, Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe any changes in the CGRP-positive area of the spinal cord's dorsal horn. Western blotting was used to detect changes in the content of CGRP in the spine. Results The CGRP-positive stained area of spinal cord's dorsal horn was significantly larger in the moxibustion and electroacupuncture groups than in the SCI group. CGRP content was also significantly higher. Any differences between the moxibustion and electroacupuncture groups were not significant. The CGRP-positive area and its content in the normal control group were not significantly different from those in the moxibustion and electroacupuncture groups. Conclusions Either moxibustion or electroacupuncture at points on the Du meridian can promote the expression of CGRP in rats after SCI. There is no significant difference between their effects.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Valerian on the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cell proliferation and neuron number in cerebral hippocampus of rats with depression induced by chronic mild stress. METHODS: Seventy rats were divided into 7 groups: normal control, untreated, negative control, positive control, and low-, medium- and high-dose Valerian-treated groups. There were 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group, depression was induced in rats by chronic mild stress. The depressive rats in the other six groups were intragastrically administered with sodium carboxymethycellulose, fluoxetine, and low, medium and high-dose Valerian, respectively for 3 weeks. After the treatment, the proliferating cells in the hippocampus were labeled by injecting bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in 7 groups. The content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hippocampus was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the number of hippocampal neurons was counted by morphometry. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the levels of 5-HT in the hippocampus in the low- and medium-dose Valerian-treated groups were increased and recovered to normal level. After the administration of low-dose Valerian for 3 weeks, the number of BrdU positive cells and neurons in the hippocampus of the depressive rats were recovered to the normal status. CONCLUSION: Minidose Valerian may promote the level of 5-HT and cell proliferation in the hippocampus of the depressive rats, and may play a role in saving injured neurons of the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Rhodiola rosea on the body weight and the intake of sucrose and water in depressive rats induced by chronic mild stress.dz METHODS: A total of 70 male SD rats were divided into seven groups, including normal control group (treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethycellulose), untreated group, negative control group (treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethycellulose), positive control group (treated with fluoxetine), low-, medium- and high-dose Rhodiola rosea group (treated with 1.5, 3, 6 g/kg Rhodiola rosea respectively). Except for rats in normal control group, the other sixty rats endured chronic stress for 4 weeks to establish the depression model. After that, rats were administered Rhodiola rosea for 3 weeks. During the whole experiment, the body weight, and sucrose intake, tap water intake of all rats were examined once a week. RESULTS: After the termination of the stress regime, compared with the normal control group, the body weight and 1% sucrose intake in depressive rats were decreased. After 3-week Rhodiola rosea treatment, the body weight and 1% sucrose intake increased in rats of the low-dose Rhodiola rosea group and recovered to the level of the normal control group. CONCLUSION: Low-dose Rhodiola rosea can increase the body weight and sucrose intake of depressive rats, making them recover to normal status.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ganoderma spores on mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by rats with gestational hypertension. METHODS: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant rats to induce gestational hypertension, and Ganoderma spores were administered orally. The effects of Ganoderma spores on levels of mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by the rats with gestational hypertension were evaluated with immunoradiometric assay of cAMP, RT-PCR analysis of related genes, and detection of enzyme activity. RESULTS: In hippocampus of the new-born rats birthed by rats with gestational hypertension, the cAMP level, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) level and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity were decreased, and the expression level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (pgc1 alpha) was unchanged compared to the normal control group. The cAMP level, mtDNA level, ATPase activity and pgc1 alpha expression level in hippocampus of 30-day post-natal rats were lower than those of the rats in normal control group. After oral administration of Ganoderma spores, the cAMP and mtDNA levels in hippocampus of the new-born rats and 30-day post-natal rats recovered almost to the levels of normal control rats, and the ATPase activity and pgc1 alpha expression level were also increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Ganoderma spores may regulate the levels of mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by rats with gestational hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To detect some proteins associated with the effect of ganoderma lucidium spores (GASP) on promoting the survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats. METHODS: The rats were divided into normal control group, untreated group and GASP-treated group, and the rats in the last two groups received ventral root avulsion. GASP preparation was fed to the rats in the GASP-treated group for 14 days. The gray matter tissues of the lumbar spinal were sampled from rats in each group after 14 days following ventral root avulsion, and the extracted proteins from these tissues were detected by using 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) was utilized to identify the differentially expressed proteins among these three groups. RESULTS: There were six kinds of proteins differentially expressed among the three groups, which were collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2), F-actin capping protein beta subunit (FCP-beta), isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta (IDH-beta), ATPase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase-1 (GOT1) and M2 pyruvate kinase (M2-PK). The expression levels of CRMP-2, IDH-beta, ATPase and GOT1 were higher in the GASP-treated group than those in the untreated group, while the expression levels of FCP-beta and M2-PK were lower than those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: GASP maybe promotes the survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats by virtue of up- or down-regulating the expression levels of the proteins mentioned above.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether pre-administration of Ganoderma lucidum spore (GASP) can reduce incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pregnant mice. METHODS: Twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, solvent-treated group, ATRA-induced group, and GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group. GASP solution, which was prepared with solvent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), was fed to the pregnant mice in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group twice a day from embryo (E) 0 d to E10.5 d. The same dose of solvent was given to the pregnant mice in the solvent-treated group. At E7.75 d, ATRA (50 mg/kg) was given to the pregnant mice in both ATRA-induced group and GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group for single time. Embryos were sampled from pregnant mice at E10.5 d. Then the incidence rate of NTDs in mouse embryo was calculated and the crown-rump length of mouse embryo was measured. The positive rate of nestin expression and the distribution of cell cycle of embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells were detected by histochemical staining technique and flow cytometry respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the gene expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cdk4 mRNAs. RESULTS: The incidence rates of NTDs in mouse embryos in the ATRA-induced group and the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group were 79.41% and 21.67% respectively, while the crown-rump length of mouse embryos in these two groups were (3.62+/-1.27) mm and (5.84+/-0.92) mm respectively. The positive rate of nestin expression in embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells of mouse embryo at E10.5 d in the ATRA-induced group was 32.44%, while that in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group was 77.65%. The cell cycle of embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells was obviously arrested at G(0)/G(1) phase in the ATRA-induced group as compared with that in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group. The Cdk4 mRNA was transcripted at a high level in embryonic neural tube in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group, but the Cdk2 mRNA was not detected in this group. CONCLUSION: Pre-administration of GASP can reduce the incidence of NTDs induced by ATRA in pregnant mice.

Objective To explore the effects of morphine on the terminal of primary afferent fiber distributing in spinal lamina Ⅱ after the sciatic nerve crush. Methods The positive reactive areas of fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase(FRAP) at spinal lamina Ⅱ were measured by the FRAP histochemistry and microcomputer image analysis techniques, after sciatic nerve was injured 15 days and 30 days both in morphine and control groups of rats. Results The positive reactive areas of FRAP at spinal lamina Ⅱ were depleted on different degree in two groups of rat after sciatic nerve was injured. The positive reactive areas of FRAP were greater 40% on injured sciatic nerve in 30 days than in 15 days in control group. In morphine group, the positive reactive areas of FRAP were larger 22% on injured sciatic nerve in 30 days than in 15 days; simulaneously also were bigger 19% than on injured sciatic nerve 30 days of control group.Conclusion The positive reactive areas of FRAP at spinal lamina Ⅱ show recovering enlargement as the surviving time lengthens in both groups of rats injured sciatic nerve.Morphine may enhance the positive reactive area of FRAP at spinal lamina Ⅱ in rat of sciatic nerve crush.