Central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)is a retinal vascular disorder that significantly impairs vision, with its underlying mechanisms involving complex interactions across multiple biological systems. This article provides a systematic review of the pathological mechanisms associated with CRVO, emphasizing critical factors such as endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, thrombophilia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The pathological mechanisms of CRVO are characterized by arteriosclerosis, which obstructs venous return through a dual mechanism involving mechanical compression and endothelin-1-mediated contraction; endothelial dysfunction, which exacerbates disturbances in blood flow; genetic and acquired coagulation abnormalities that disrupt hemostatic balance and promote thrombosis; and the synergistic effects of inflammation and oxidative stress that activate cytokines, thereby aggravating ischemia and vascular leakage. Innovatively, this review explores emerging mechanisms such as miRNA-mediated vascular regulation via exosomes, gut microbiota-retina crosstalk through the “gut-eye axis,” and systemic metabolic interactions that link local retinal lesions to broader dysregulation of CRVO. These insights underscore the importance of integrated eye-system interventions and provide a theoretical foundation for advancing early biomarker discovery, multitarget therapeutics, and personalized treatment paradigms. By bridging localized pathology and systemic mechanisms, this work promotes a transformative shift toward an integrative medicine model in the diagnosis and management of CRVO.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in children with egg allergy,and then clarify the clinical application value of single component-resolved diagnostics of egg allergy.Methods Serum samples from 197 children with egg allergy were collected.The levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four major allergenic protein components of egg white,including ovomucin,ovalbumin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme,were detected by the light-excited chemiluminescence assay(LiCA),and the distribution characteristics of sIgE antibodies were analyzed.Results The positive rates of serum sIgE antibodies against ovalbumin,ovomucin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme in 197 chlidren with egg allergy were 77.16%(152/197),70.56%(139/197),35.02%(69/197),and 18.27%(36/197),respectively.The positive rate of serum sIgE antibody against both ovomucin and ovalbumin was 30.45%.There was a weak correlation between the levels of sIgE antibodies against egg and the cumulative levels of sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components(r=0.266 8,P＜0.05).There were signifi-cant individual differences in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.Conclusion There is individual heterogeneity in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.The detection of sIgE antibodies against egg white components can distinguish different forms of egg allergies,which is of great value for the accurate diagnosis and precise desensitization of children's egg allergy.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（CRISPR）/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 （CRISPR/Cas9） is a self-defense system found in bacteria and archaea that enables targeted gene editing based on the principle. Due to its universality， efficiency， and simplicity， CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in the pathological mechanism and prevention and treatment of diseases in many fields. Cerebrovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases seriously endanger human health. Stroke is related to genetics， unhealthy living habits， chronic diseases， and other factors. The brain tissue structure is complex and the cell types are diverse. It is difficult for a universal gene editing platform to study target genes safely， specifically， and efficiently. Scholars have continuously improved and optimized gene editing technology， explored the potential and research methods of gene editing technology， and promoted the research process of brain science. After a brief introduction to the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9， this paper mainly summarized the optimization of the system in the fields of cerebral science including delivery methods， adeno-associated virus assembly， and new nanomaterials. Its application in cerebrovascular research including vascular homeostasis， microglial homeostasis， angiogenesis， blood-brain barrier， and drug screening was also summarized. Finally， this paper prospected the development of CRISPR/Cas9 in traditional Chinese medicine， hoping to provide references for related research design.

Objective To analyze and assess the postoperative motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) by surface electromyography (sEMG) and joint angle. Methods Sixteen children with SCP were involved in this study. The sEMG of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius muscles and joint angles of the hip, knee and ankle during straight walking were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. In every gait phase, the mean values of joint angles, root mean square and integrated electromyography of sEMG were calculated, to evaluate muscle strength and muscular tension quantitatively. Results The muscle tension of lower limbs was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The muscle strength of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was decreased in the swing phase. At the midswing and terminal swing phase, the strength of tibialis anterior increased significantly (P<0.05). The flexion angle of hip and knee decreased significantly (P<0.05). The dorsiflexion angle of ankle increased significantly (P<0.05), and the varus angle decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions After operation, the crouching gait and clubfoot were improved positively. Therefore, the motor function of children was improved. Combining sEMG and joint angle can evaluate the muscle function of patients quantitatively, and it also can provide references for clinical diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of Shenlian prescription on acute lung injury induced by particulate matter （PM） exposure in rats and explore the mechanism. MethodFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Shenlian low-dose group （4.32 g·kg^-1）， Shenlian high-dose group （8.64 g·kg^-1）， and roflumilast group （3.46 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 in each group. Pre-administration with drugs by gavage was performed for one week. On the 8^th and 11^th days， the control group was instilled with normal saline in the trachea and the other groups with PM suspension to establish a rat model of acute lung injury induced by PM exposure. After modeling， drugs were given continuously until the end of the experiment. Forty-eight hours after the last exposure， the lung function of rats was detected. Then the rats were sacrificed and the lung morphological changes and pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining were observed. CD68 expression in lung was detected by immunohistochemistry， and the levels of lung injury markers surfactant protein A （SP-A） and Clara cell protein16 （CC16） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of interleukin-1α （IL-1α）， IL-6， IL-18， and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） in lung tissue was measured by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with those in the control group， the rats in the model group had decreased lung function and obvious structural damage of lung tissue， PM deposition， and infiltration of CD68 positive cells. The expressions of IL-1α， IL-6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung tissue were increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shenlian prescription low and high doses restored the rats' lung function injury（P<0.05，P<0.01）， improved lung morphological and pathological structure， and reduced PM deposition. Infiltration of CD68 positive cells in lung was not significantly decreased. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1α， IL -6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung were lowered （P<0.01）. ConclusionShenlian prescription could protect the rats' lung injury caused by PM exposure， improve lung morphology， and reduce PM deposition and inflammatory factor expression.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are thought to regulate articular cartilage through endochondral osteogenesis, consist of mRNA-interfering complementary RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). More and more experimental evidence reveals the role of ncRNAs in chondrocyte differentiation and the pathogenesis of several skeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis. In the past few years, increasingly sophisticated DNA sequencing methods and a large number of sepigenetic modifications have greatly contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoarthritis. Recent studies have revealed that RNA interacts with RNA-binding proteins, regulates gene transcription and protein translation, and is involved in various pathological processes in OA, promising to be a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.

Objective:To investigate the expression changes of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa, colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and the correlation of FXR expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with colorectal tumors.Methods:The UALCAN website tool was used to analyze the expression level of FXR gene transcripts of CRC and normal colorectal tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The patients undergoing colonoscopy and treatment in the Aerospace Center Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 were selected, and the immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FXR protein in 100 CRA tissues, 47 CRC tissues and 11 normal colonic mucosal tissues from healthy people (healthy control). Combining with clinical data, the relationship between FXR protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colorectal tumors was analyzed. According to the Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database, the median expression level of FXR gene transcripts in CRC patients was analyzed, and the patients were divided into FXR low-expression group and high-expression group, the relationship between the expression of FXR gene and prognosis of CRC patients was investigated.Results:The analysis of data from TCGA database showed that the expression level of FXR gene transcripts in CRC tissues was lower than that in normal colorectal tissues ( P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical examination of the collected tissues showed that the positive rate of FXR protein gradually decreased from the cecum to the rectum. The positive rates of FXR protein in healthy control, CRA patients and CRC patients were 90.9% (10/11), 24.0% (24/100), 6.3% (3/47), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 35.56, P < 0.01); the positive rate of FXR protein in cancer tissues from CRC patients was lower than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer [6.3% (3/47) vs. 65.2% (15/23)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 27.98, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the positive rate of FXR among CRA patients with different gender, age, maximum diameter of adenoma, and aggression (all P > 0.05). There was also no statistical difference in the positive rate of FXR among CRC patients with different gender, age, tumor site, maximum diameter of tumor, degree of differentiation, TNM staging, and vascular tumor thrombus (all P > 0.05). According to the survival analysis of Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database, the recurrence-free survival of CRC patients with high expression of FXR was better than that of patients with low expression of FXR ( P = 0.003). Conclusions:The expression level of FXR gradually decreases in the intestinal tissues of healthy people, CRA patients and CRC patients. The prognosis of CRC patients with low FXR expression is poor.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of miR-20a-5p and lysine (K) demethylase 6B (KDM6B) in osteosarcoma tissues and the effects of miR-20a-5p targeting KDM6B on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and tumor growth.Methods:The clinicopathological and paracancerous tissues of 20 patients with osteosarcoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University from January 2017 to March 2019 were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of miR-20a-5p and KDM6B mRNA in tissues. The osteosarcoma MG63 cells were divided into control group, mimic NC group, miR-20a-5p mimic group, and NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group. The expression levels of miR-20a-5p and KDM6B mRNA of all groups were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of KDM6B. CCK-8 assay, cell scratch test and Transwell test were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. According to the random number table method, nude mice were divided into NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group and miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group, with 5 mice in each group. Tumor growth ability was detected by tumor xenograft nude mouse models.Results:The relative expression level of miR-20a-5p mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues was 0.55±0.27, and that in paracancerous tissues was 1.22±0.28, with a statistically significant difference ( t=7.701, P<0.001). The relative expression level of KDM6B mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues was 1.66±0.19, and that in paracancerous tissues was 1.00±0.15, with a statistically significant difference ( t=12.219, P<0.001). After transfection of miR-20a-5p, KDM6B mRNA and protein expression levels decreased with the increase of miR-20a-5p expression level. After miR-20a-5p transfection for 48 h, the cell proliferation abilities of the blank control group, mimic NC group and miR-20a-5p mimic group were 0.83±0.04, 0.81±0.03 and 0.52±0.01 ( F=89.655, P<0.001), compared with the blank control group and mimic NC group, the cell proliferation ability was significantly inhibited in the miR-20a-5p mimic group (both P<0.001). The cell proliferation abilities of NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group and miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group were 0.83±0.05, 0.52±0.01 and 0.67±0.05 ( F=43.919, P<0.001), compared with the NC+ empty vector group, the cell proliferation ability was significantly inhibited in the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group ( P<0.001); compared with the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group, the cell proliferation ability of miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group increased significantly ( P<0.001). The scratch healing rates of the blank control group, mimic NC group and miR-20a-5p mimic group were (32.51±2.73)%, (30.26±3.22)% and (13.52±1.77)% ( F=46.314, P<0.001), compared with the control group and the mimic NC group, the scratch healing rate of the miR-20a-5p mimic group was significantly decreased (both P<0.001). The scratch healing rates of NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group and miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group were (31.34±3.11)%, (12.15±1.64)% and (28.93±2.89)% ( F=47.511, P<0.001), compared with the NC+ empty vector group, the scratch healing rate of the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group was significantly decreased ( P<0.001); compared with the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group, the scratch healing rate of miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group was significantly increased ( P=0.001). The numbers of transmembrane cells in the blank control group, mimic NC group and miR-20a-5p mimic group were 114±16, 108±11 and 42±6 ( F=36.282, P<0.001), compared with the control group and mimic NC group, the number of transmembrane cells of the miR-20a-5p mimic group was significantly decreased (both P<0.001). The numbers of transmembrane cells in the NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group and miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group was 143±11, 39±4 and 139±12 ( F=112.120, P<0.001), compared with the NC+ empty vector group, the number of transmembrane cells of the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group was significantly decreased ( P<0.001); compared with the miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group, the number of transmembrane cells of the miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group was increased significantly ( P<0.001). The tumor volumes of mice for 21 d in the NC+ empty vector group, miR-20a-5p+ empty vector group and miR-20a-5p+ KDM6B group were (1 667.50±250.40) mm 3, (129.20±21.00) mm 3 and (775.41±77.51) mm 3 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=77.651, P<0.001). The tumor weights of the 3 groups were (1.35±0.18) g, (0.12±0.01) g and (0.61±0.03) g respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=104.191, P<0.001). Conclusion:The expression of miR-20a-5p is significantly decreased in osteosarcoma tissues, and the expression of KDM6B is significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues. Overexpression of miR-20a-5p may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and tumor growth by targeting to reduce the expression of KDM6B.