Objective:To study and screen the differential expression of inflammatory proteins in diabetes skin ulcers and common skin ulcers, so as to provide experimental basis for further research on anti-inflammatory and healing drug targets of diabetes skin ulcers.Methods:The tissues of 11 patients with diabetes skin ulcer, 12 patients with common skin ulcer and 11 patients with normal skin were collected from the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. The levels of inflammatory protein Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory factor interferon -γ (IFN -γ), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF -α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), anti-inflammatory factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected in three groups of tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with normal tissues, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB, IFN -γ, TNF -α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and EGF in common ulcer skin tissues and diabetes ulcer tissues were higher, and the concentrations of IL-10 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); Compared with the normal tissue, the concentration of IL-4 in diabetes ulcer tissue was lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); Compared with ordinary ulcer skin tissue, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB and MCP-1 in diabetes ulcer tissue were higher, and the concentrations of IL-4 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The skin ulcer in diabetes patients will have inflammatory reaction, and high glucose promotes the inflammatory reaction of skin ulcer, which may be related to the abnormal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MCP-1 and IL-4. TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway and inflammatory factors MCP-1 and IL-4 may be the target of the inflammation regulation of diabetes skin ulcer.

Objective To explore the expression of microRNA(miR)-100-5p in thyroid cancer cells and its regulatory effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis through experiments.Methods The relative expressions of miR-100-5p in thyroid cancer cell lines(TPC-1 and KTC-1)and normal thyroid cell lines(Nthy ori3-1)were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR.After transfection of miR-100-5p mimic,miR-100-5p inhibitor,and corresponding negative controls(miR-mimic NC,miR-inhibitor NC)into TPC-1 cells,the proliferation condition of TPC-1 cells was detected using CCK-8,and the apoptosis condition of TPC-1 cells was detected using flow cytometry.Prediction and functional enrichment analysis of target genes of miR-100-5p were performed using the miRTarBase and TargetScan7.2 databases.The targeted regulatory effect of miR-100-5p on fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)was validated using Western blot and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments.Results Compared with Nthy-ori3-1 cells,the expression levels of miR-100-5p in TPC-1 cells(1.87±0.03 vs 1.00±0.03)and KTC-1 cells(6.33±0.47 vs 1.00±0.03)were both up-regulated,with significant differences(t=-34.220,-19.588,all P＜0.05).The 450nm absorbance(A450nm)of cells transfected with miR-100-5p mimic at 24,48 and 72 h were higher than the miR-mimic NC group,with significant differences(t=-7.516,-17.828,-8.445,all P＜0.05).Conversely,the A450nm values of cells transfected with miR-100-5p inhibitor at 24,48 and 72 h were lower than the miR-inhibitor NC group,with significant differences(t=6.720,6.782,6.073,all P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate after transfection with miR-100-5p mimic was decreased compared to miR-mimic NC group(7.43％±0.49％vs 10.55％±0.80％),with significant differences(t=5.767,P=0.004).Compared to miR-inhibitor NC group,the apoptosis rate after transfection with miR-100-5p inhibitor was increased(3.19％±0.22％vs 2.64％±0.15％),with significant differences(t=-3.606,P=0.023).Western blot experiments showed that FGFR3 protein expression levels in the miR-100-5p mimic group were down-regulated compared to the miR-mimic NC group(0.78±0.12 vs 1.00±0.00),with significant differences(t=3.071,P=0.037).Compared to the miR-inhibitor NC group,FGFR3 protein expression levels in the miR-100-5p inhibitor group were up-regulated(1.17±0.07 vs 1.00±0.00),with significant differences(t=-4.509,P=0.046).There was no significant difference in the luciferase activity of the FGFR3 wild-type(1.01±0.17 vs 1.00±0.00)and mutant groups(0.99±0.11 vs 1.00±0.00)between miR-100-5p mimic and miR-mimic NC,and the differences were statistically significant(f=-0.057,0.181,P=0.96,0.873).Conclusion MiR-100-5p in thyroid cancer cells was up-regulated,which may promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.It may become a new biomarker and regulatory target in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.

Objective:To analyze the perioperative clinical characteristics of patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution and the nursing managements.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2020, 658 patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the elderly group (≥60 years) and the younger group (< 60 years), including 279 cases in the elderly group and 379 cases in the younger group. The perioperative clinical data of the patients were collected, and the perioperative general situation, postoperative complications and influencing factors of complications were analyzed.Results:There were differences between the two groups in the aspects of sex ( χ2 = 12.38, P<0.001), preoperative BMI ( t = 2.43, P = 0.015), smoking history ( χ2 = 18.34, P<0.001), preoperative anesthesia grade ( χ2 = 25.61, P = 0.001), preoperative coexisting disease ( χ2 = 46.97, P<0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( χ2 = 16.68, P<0.001), whether free flap ( χ2 = 6.81, P = 0.003), operation time ( t = 2.19, P = 0.029), preoperative test index hemoglobin ( t = 4.96, P<0.001), albumin ( t = 5.44, P<0.001), D-dimer( Z = -13.52, P<0.001), calcium levels ( t = 4.07, P<0.001) and postoperative complications ( χ2 = 14.55, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis of postoperative complications showed that the age ( OR = 1.021, 95% CI = 1.005-1.037, P = 0.011), preoperative D-dimer ( OR = 1.219, 95% CI = 1.026-1.447, P = 0.024) and the preoperative coexisting disease ( OR = 1.642, 95% CI = 1.108-2.432, P = 0.013) were the risk factors for the postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis of discharge with tube showed that the age ( OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.003-1.031, P = 0.017), preoperative BMI ( OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.873-0.963, P = 0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( OR = 2.135, 95% CI = 1.475-3.091, P<0.001), and operation time ( OR = 1.220, 95% CI = 1.120-1.328, P<0.001) were the related factors for the discharge with tube. Conclusion:In view of the above risk factors, it is beneficial for the physical and mental recovery of patients to pay attention to preoperative evaluation, make adequate preoperative preparation, postoperative nursing and observation, improve swallowing function training, prepare for discharge, pay attention to continuous nursing, and establish a tertiary hospital-community-family rehabilitation system.

Starting from participating the high-level professional competition, our school has built a talent training system with the spirit of "biomaker" and an innovative practical ability training system. Such system takes the interest of student as the starting point, and relies on the strong scientific research and teaching infrastructure. The programme gives full play to students' initiatives and enhances the scientific research literacy and comprehensive ability of undergraduates majoring in biotechnology. It is an effective exploration of the traditional university education model and meets the urgent demand for innovative talents training in the era of rapid development of life sciences.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Biotechnology ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Students ; Universities

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free fibula flap transplantation in repairing the defect of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).Methods:A total of 151 mandibular ORN patients undergoing free fibular flap transplantation were selected from August 2005 to September 2020 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Among them, 109 patients were males and 42 patients were females, aged (54.1±10.1) (ranged 31-85) years old. The clinical data of the patients was collected and the survival rate of the flaps and postoperative function were calculated to evaluate the surgical efficacy. The χ 2 test was used for difference analysis. Results:Among the 151 patients, mandibular ORN caused by radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma accounted for 79.5% (120/151). The average time for mandibular ORN appeared was 5(6) years after radiotherapy. Facial artery [57.2%(87/152)] and superior thyroid artery [32.9%(50/152)] were the main anastomotic arteries in the recipient area. There was no significant difference in the necrosis rates of the two flaps [10.3%(9/87) and 12.5% (5/50), respectively, P=0.949]. The main anastomotic veins in the recipient area were the external jugular vein [48.4%(135/279)] and the common facial vein [26.5%(74/279)]. Twenty-five cases (16.6%) had one vein anastomosed, and 126 cases (83.44%) had two veins anastomosed. There was no significant difference in the flap necrosis rate between the two conditions [20.0%(5/25) and 7.1%(9/126), respectively, P=0.100]. Ninety-seven cases (64.2%) used the peroneal musculocutaneous-fascia composite flap to repair the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue defects. Thirteen cases (8.6%) underwent the restorations with digital virtual surgery design, of which 5 cases were repaired with dental implants at the same time. After the operations, lower respiratory tract infection occurred in 17 patients (11.3%), and upper respiratory tract obstruction occurred in 3 cases (2.0%). The survival rate of the flap after operation was 90.7% (136/151), and 21 patients (13.9%) had flap vascular crisis. Delayed healing of maxillofacial wounds occurred in 33 cases (21.9%). After 3 to 24 months of follow-ups, 110 patients (76.9%) had no fistula inside/outside the oral cavity, 118 patients (82.5%) had an improvement in opening mouth of increasing (≥0.5 cm) after surgery, 135 patients (94.4%) had pain relief, 97 cases (67.8%) could eat normal diet, semi-liquid or soft food, and 137 cases (95.8%) were satisfied or basically satisfied with the treatment effects. Conclusions:The free fibular flap transplantation is an effective method to repair mandibular ORN defects. Preoperative vascular assessment is helpful for the selection of recipient vessels. Facial artery, superior thyroid artery, external jugular vein and common facial vein can be used as the main recipient vessels. The repair of the peroneal musculocutaneous-fascia composite flap facilitates the closure of internal and external fistulas. Digital technology can help to restore the maxillofacial shape more accurately, improve the patient′s occlusal and chewing function and enhance the quality of life of mandibular ORN patients.

Objective:To observe the changes of abdominal aortic calcification and biochemical indicators after parathyroidectomy (PTX) in the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods:The MHD patients with SHPT who were followed up for 2 years were analyzed retrospectively and divided into PTX surgery group ( n=26) and non-surgery group ( n=18) according to whether they underwent PTX, and then the abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), blood calcium and phosphorus after 2 years were observed in the two groups. The PTX surgery group was divided into advanced group and non-advanced group according to whether abdominal aortic calcification had progressed or not 2 years after the operation. Indicators such as age, dialysis age, iPTH, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product were compared between the two groups to analyze the possible factors related to the development of abdominal aortic calcification. Results:A total of 44 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included, with 26 in the PTX surgery group and 18 in the non-surgery group. The baseline data of the PTX surgery group and the non-surgery group showed statistical difference in the age of dialysis ( P<0.05), but no statistical differences in gender, age and history of hypertension. Compared with preoperative indicators, postoperative iPTH, blood calcium and phosphorus significantly reduced (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in AACS. There were 8 cases (30.77%) of accelerating progress of calcification, 8 cases (30.77%) of improvement in calcification, 10 cases (38.46%) of calcification stability. After 2 years, iPTH value of non-advanced group was significantly lower than advanced group [(20.62±6.44) ng/L vs (132.72±76.83) ng/L], while the preoperative AACS progress was higher in non-advanced group [(13.11±2.71) vs (2.00±1.41)] (all P<0.05). In non-surgery group, AACS was significantly higher after 2 years [(10.44±1.65) vs (8.05±1.26)], blood phosphorus and the product of blood calcium and phosphorus significantly decreased (all P<0.05) , and the levels of iPTH and blood calcium did not significantly change. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the decreased value between preoperative AACS and 2-year postoperative AACS was positively correlated with the decreased value of iPTH ( r=0.534, P=0.012), blood calcium ( r=0.643, P=0.004), blood phosphorus ( r=0.897, P<0.001) and calcium-phosphorus product ( r=0.568, P=0.021) , and negatively correlated with preoperative AACS ( r=-0.647, P=0.014). Conclusions:Small sample data shows that PTX can correct parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus for long term, and prevent abdominal aortic calcification progression, even reverse vascular calcification. Whether abdominal aortic calcification improves or not may be associated with the decrease of iPTH, calcium, phosphorus and the product of blood calcium and phosphorus.

Objective To investigate the current status of screening and management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy,and to provide evidence for further improvement of clinical management.Methods Clinical data of 5 981 pregnant women who delivered at Peking University First Hospital between September 1,2013 and September 30,2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Their average age was (30±4) years (18-47 years) and average gestational week was (39.2± 1.6) weeks (25.5-42.0 weeks).The reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 0.1-2.5 mU/L recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA).The reference range of free thyroxine (FT4) was 11.48-22.70 pmol/L and the cut-off value of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 34 U/ml both recommended by the kit.The specific reference range of TSH was obtained from normal pregnant women in this study (0.23-4.08 mU/L in the first trimester).Pregnant women with hypothyroidism were divided into two groups according to their TSH level at the first trimester:TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group and TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group.T test,Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results (1) Screening status:Of the 5 981 pregnant women,there were 13 cases (0.2％) of hyperthyroidism and 146 cases (2.4％) of hypothyroidism diagnosed before conception (133 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis,eight cases after operation for thyroid cancer,and five cases after 131I therapy because of hyperthyroidism).Among the 5 822 cases requiring screening,4 044 cases (69.5％) received screening tests of TSH,FT4 and TPOAb during early pregnancy according to Chinese Guidelines,and 1 778 cases received neither standard screening nor screening test.(2) Treatment of hypothyroidism:Hypothyroidism treatment rate was only 61.5％ (107/174) according to the reference range recommended by the ATA,lower than that of 88.1％ (52/59) according to the reference range of this study (x2=14.430,P＜0.05).There were 60 cases receiving no treatment in TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group.Forty-three of these cases were reexamined,and one of them was abnormal,with a rate of 2.3％ (1/43).There were seven cases without treatment in TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group;six of them were reexamined among which one was abnormal,with a rate of 1/6.(3) Thyrotoxicosis:Among the 4 044 pregnant women,99 cases had TSH ＜0.1 mU/L,including 11 cases with FT4 ≥ 22.70 pmol/L (22.82-60.96 pmol/L).Only three cases were positive for thyrotrophin receptor antibody,and then diagnosed as hyperthyroidism and treated with propylthiouracil.(4) Thyroid cancer:Among the 5 981 pregnant women,six cases were diagnosed as thyroid cancer during pregnancy and lactation,with an incidence of 100.3/100 000.Of the six cases,five were diagnosed during pregnancy,and one at one month postpartum.All of the six cases underwent operation and were confirmed to be papillocarcinoma by pathology.Conclusions The screening rate of thyroid diseases during pregnancy is high,but the clinical management is not fully standardized.We suggested that each center should established its own normal reference range for thyroid function test.The incidence of thyroid cancer during pregnancy is increasing,thus attention should be paid to its diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To select the optimum conditions for germination test of Astragalus membranaceus seed and provide reference for the formulation of testing rules of A. membranaceus seed. METHODS:First,the dormancy of A. membranaceus seeds were broken by soaking seed with 98% H2SO4 for 30 min and 35 ℃ warm water for 9 h,then treated with different temperatures of germination,different germinating beds and light conditions. Different treatment methods were evaluated by germination rate, germination potential and germination index. RESULTS:With the increase of temperature,germination rate,germination potential and germination index decreased. At 30 ℃,germination rate,germination index,and germination potential were significantly low-er than those of seed with other treatments,in which the germination rate was the highest at 15℃;but there wasn’t significant dif-ference in germination rate of 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. There were no significant differences in germination rate of different germination beds,but sand bed could restrain bacterial growth well. Under both light and dark conditions,seed could normally germinate. The appropriate condition of A. membranacus seed germination was at 15 ℃,sand bed and dark. The germination rate,germination po-tential and germination index were(98.5±0.65)%,(85.5±0.87)%and 175.8±2.31,respectively. Meanwhile,the germination pe-riod was only 4 days. CONCLUSIONS:Suggested quality control method of A. membranaceus seed is that at 15 ℃,sand bed and dark. The second day of germination as initial counting time and forth day as the last counting time are used to calculate germina-tion index. This method is easy and controllable. It also has short germination period and high germination rate.

OBJECTIVE To assess the treatment reliability of covered stent for carotid artery blowout after head and neck tumors resection. METHODS Five cases with postoperative rupture of carotid artery invaded by the head and neck tumor were reviewed. They presented with life threatening massive neck or oral bleedings. All of them were treated with self expanding covered stents through intervention therapy approach. RESULTS The covered stent were successfully deployed in the target arteries in all cases,the instant isolation effect was quite satisfactory. After treatment, angiography showed successful occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm, patency of carotid artery lumen, and significant improvement of clinical symptoms without neurologic dysfunction. Following up 2 to 36 months, 3 patients were alive with no disease, two patients died of recurrence. CONCLUSION For the treatment of carotid blowout, endovascular occlusion with covered stent is a minimally-invasive, safe and reliable methods.

Objective To investigate the appropriate screening method for thyroid diseases during early pregnancy.Methods We collected information of 4 044 pregnant women who attended to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital from September 1,2013 to September 30,2014 for antenatal care and underwent one step screening for thyroid diseases in first trimester,which meant blood test for thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free thyroxine(FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) at the same time.Simulation analysis was performed on these 4 044 women with twostep screening (TSH first and then FT4 and TPOAb if TSH was abnormal).The incidence,missed diagnosis rate,costs of screening,and outcomes of the missed diagnosed cases of women with thyroid diseases were compared between one-step and two-step screening based on the cutoff value determined by American Thyroid Association (ATA) or our hospital (0.23-4.08 mU/L).The positivel rate of TPOAb was compared among the three groups classified according to TSH value (≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L,≥ 2.5-＜ 4.08 mU/L and ≥ 4.08 mU/L).T-test,Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results When the cutoff value of TSH was set at ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L (ATA recommendation),7.9％ (320/4 044) of the women required medical treatment.It was significantly higher than 3.2％ (129/4 044),which was obtained when the normal reference value of TSH was set based on data from our hospital.The positive rates of TPOAb were 7.2％(214/2 976),13.9％(103/777) and 28.6％(55/192) for TSH ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5,≥ 2.5-＜ 4.08 mU/L and ≥ 4.08 mU/L group,respectively.When we set the OR value for TOPAb as one in the TSH ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L group,the OR(95％C1)s of the other two groups were 1.972(1.537-2.532) and 5.181(3.679-7.297).If two-step screening protocol and ATA recommendations were applied,0.7％ (27/4 044) of women who needed treatment would be missed.However,312 480 yuan (RMB) would be saved compared with one-step screening (77.27 yuan per person).When the hospitalized reference value was applied,1.1％(45/4 044) of women would not be treated and 384 720 yuan would be saved (95.13 yuan per person) compared to one-step screening.For those missed diagnosed cases,no more adverse pregnant outcomes (all P＞0.05),including fetal distress,gestational diabetes mellitus,preterm birth,fetal growth restriction,oligohydroamnios,polyhydroanmios,fetal death,gestational hypertension with pre-eclampsia,placental abruptio and neonatal asphyxia were reported although no standard treatment had been provided,no matter ATA recommendation or unique reference in our hospital was adopted.Conclusions We recommend the two-step method for thyroid function screening during early pregnancy.For the purpose of cost-saving,reduction of missed diagnosis rate and avoidance of overtreatment,the management protocol should be individualized for those women with TSH value between 2.5 mU/L and the normal reference value of our hospital during pregnancy.