Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess accompanied by metastatic infectious complications was firstly reported in 1986. The pathogen was defined as Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) after a series of studies, which is an evolving pathotype and more virulent than classical K. pneumoniae (cKp). At present, it is difficult to distinguish hvKp and cKp in the clinical microbiology lab, which results in delay in early diagnosis and treatment on hvKp-related infections. Biliary tract diseases after cholangiojejunostomy, biliary interventional therapy and liver transplantation have become common causes of recurrent acute cholangitis. The incidence of bacterial liver abscess is on the rise, especially the infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This article reviews difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial liver abscess.

Objective: To study the more safe and accurate guidance scheme of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: CBCT was regularly performed on 87 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Meizhou People's Hospital from November 2014 to August 2015. For each patient, 10 times CBCT scans were obtained pre-treatment. All the setup errors were obtained and analysed on the orientation X (left and right), Y (head and foot) and Z (vertical) axis. Results: With the increase of the number of CBCT scans, there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of the 10 times scans in X (left and right) and Y (head and foot) directions (all P > 0.05). And there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of 6 times scans in Z (vertical) direction, but from the beginning of the 7th, the systematic error in Z direction was increasing, the system error of the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th time was 0.140, 0.292, 0.461, and 0.640 mm. Moreover, the difference of the mean systematic errors among the first 7 times was statistically significant (H = 15.232, P = 0.019), and the differences of the mean systematic errors among the first 8, 9 and 10 times were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Non-consecutive scans of CBCT could reduce the systematic and random errors. The appropriate frequency of application of CBCT based on the change law of setup errors is an ideal CBCT guidance scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze set-up errors for irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by using kilo-voltage cone beam computed tomography (kV-KBCT) scanning, and to calculate the external margin from planning target volume (PTV) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 150 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Meizhou People's Hospital from December 2014 to November 2016 were treated by image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), kV-KBCT, CT image scanning matcthed by bone and grey alignment. PTV of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also calculated. Results According to PTV formula, the external distance before radiotherapy guided by grey alignment was 0.5 mm in X-axis, 0.4 mm in Y-axis, 0.8 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 1.7 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. After radiotherapy, the external distance guided by grey alignment was 0.4 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 0.9 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.9 mm in Y-axis, 2.0 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. There was no significant difference in set-up errors of 3 directions and 2 aligned ways before and after treatment.Conclusions The PTV within 3 mm is safe when IGRT is used for directing radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and kV-KBCT is an effective image equipment.

The TIPE( tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like) family has been recently described as regulators of tu-morigenesis and inflammation .The family consists of four highly homologous members: TNFAIP8 ( tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8), TIPE1 (TNFAIP8L1), TIPE2 (TNFAIP8L2) and TIPE3 (TNFAIP8L3).Although TNFAIP8 family share high degrees of sequence homology , the members have different histological expressions , biological functions and molecular targets .TNFAIP8 shows the functions of inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting tumor migration .As a negative regulator of immunity and inflammation , TIPE2 is also an inhibitor of the oncogenic Ras in some neoplastic diseases .TIPE1 can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor .TIPE3 is the transfer protein of phosphoinositide second messengers and can promote cancer .Emerging studies show TIPE family play important regulatory roles in many diseases;however, specific biological activities and exact molecular mechanisms need to be further elucidated .

BACKGROUNDChitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. Nevertheless, the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes are seldom studied. This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation.

METHODSThe CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the rat femurs were scanned by CT, and the CT values of the implants were measured and comparatively analyzed. Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation.

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

BACKGROUNDEpisodic memory includes information about item memory and source memory. Many researches support the hypothesis that these two memory systems are implemented by different brain structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of item memory and source memory processing in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to further verify the hypothesis of dual-process model of source and item memory.

METHODSWe established a neuropsychological battery to measure the performance of item memory and source memory. Totally 35 PD individuals and 35 matched healthy controls (HC) were administrated with the battery. Item memory task consists of the learning and recognition of high-frequency national Chinese characters; source memory task consists of the learning and recognition of three modes (character, picture, and image) of objects.

RESULTSCompared with the controls, the idiopathic PD patients have been impaired source memory (PD vs. HC: 0.65 ± 0.06 vs. 0.72 ± 0.09, P = 0.001), but not impaired in item memory (PD vs. HC: 0.65 ± 0.07 vs. 0.67 ± 0.08, P = 0.240).

CONCLUSIONSThe present experiment provides evidence for dissociation between item and source memory in PD patients, thereby strengthening the claim that the item or source memory rely on different brain structures. PD patients show poor source memory, in which dopamine plays a critical role.

Aged ; Cognition ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of the proximal femoral anatomical locking plate in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures.Methods A retrospective study was done on 10 patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures treated with proximal femoral anatomical locking plate in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2011.After treatment,the outcome was assessed regularly by fracture union as was seen on serial radiographs and clinical function was estimated by Friedman and Vyman System.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 6-24 months ( average 16 months).All the fractures were healed within 2.5-4 months (average 3 months) in the femoral shaft and within 4-9 months (average 6 months) in the neck,respectively.According to Friedman and Vyman System,the overall clinical result was good in eight patients and fair in two,with excellent rate of 80％ (8/10).No osteonecrosis of the femoral head and fixation failure were observed during the followup. Conclusion Proximal femoral anatomical locking plate internal fixation is an effective treatment method for ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures.

Objective To explore the impairment of time perception in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Method Thirty-two individuals with idiopathic PD were compared with 32 matched healthy controls using a time reproduction task.Result Compared with healthy controls for the 3-second duration reproduction task, PD patients in the setting of a delay by 1 s ( (2.78 ±0.31 ) s and (2.15 ±0.34) s,respectively) and a delay by 5 s ( (2.74 ±0.32) s and (2.08 ±0.37) s, respectively) showed impairment in time perception with a significant under-estimation of the duration ( t = - 7.459, - 7.533, both P ＜0.01 ).When compared with healthy controls for the 5-second duration reproduction task, PD patients in the setting of a delay by 1 s ( (3.99 ±0.39) s and (3.11 ±0.52) s) and 5 s ( (4.05 ±0.40) s and (2.96 ±0.54) s) also showed impairment in time perception with a significant under-estimation of the duration (t =-7.609 and - 9.120, both P ＜ 0.01 ).When compared with healthy controls for the 600-millisecond duration reproduction task, PD patients in the setting of delay by 1 s ((0.91 ±0.18) s and (0.90 ±0.18) s, respectively) and by 5 s ( (0.89 ± 0.16) s and (0.91 ± 0.17 ) s, respectively) did not have impaired time perception, and the difference was not significant ( t = 0.347, P = 0.730; t = - 0.519, P =0.606, respectively).Conclusion Our data indicates that time perception is impaired in PD patients.Impaired time perception is mainly an under-estimation of the time interval in seconds rather than milliseconds.

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences of the shapes of seeds and germination characters of Alisma plantago-aquatica.

METHODThe seeds were collected from four regions in Sichuan province, characters of the seeds' appearance were observed. The purification, weights per thousand seeds, content of moisture, seed vigor and different germination rates of A. plantago-aquatica were measured. The germination rates of the seeds were determined under different temperature treatments.

RESULTIt was markedly varied in shapes of the seeds, rates of germination and all quality characters of the four local species. The seeds from Pengshan showed the best quality, the weights per thousand, the seed vigor and germination rate were 0.4308 g, 6% and 82%, respectively, and the size of the seed, its width and length were 1.882, 1.455 mm, respectively. The length was positively correlated with the width, and so did the weights per thousand seeds with the seed vigor and germination rates. The rate of seed vigor was positively correlated with the rate of germination. Results indicated that temperature had affected the germination of the seed.

CONCLUSIONThe seed from Pengshan was the best. The result of this study provides scientific evidences for identification, growth and cultivation of A. plantago-aquatica.

Alisma ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Germination ; Seedlings ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Temperature ; Water ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the cerebral protective effects of propofol and ketamine against ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by cardiac arrest in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty male SD rats weighing 180-250 g were randomly divided into four equal groups of 30 animals : group A served as control without cardiac arrest;group B was subjected to 10 minutes of cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation ( C-R); group C received propofol 10 mg 100 ?g-1 ip 10 min before C-R; group D received ketamine 10 mg-100? g-1 ip 10 min before C-R. The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane inhalation by mask, intubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane inhalation. Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation (vecuronium 0.01 mg - 100 g -1, disconnection of ventilator, tracheal tube clamping) and maintained for 10 min, then resuscitated. Seven animals in each group were killed at 30 min (T, ) , 120 min (T,) and 180 min (T3 ) after successful resuscitation respectively for determination of serum TNF-a and IL-Ip and cerebra) SOD activity and MDA content. Results Cerebral SOD activity in group C and D was significantly lower than that in group A but higher than that in group B, while cerebral MDA content in group C and D was significantly higher than that in group A but lower than that in group B ( P