Objective:To describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022, and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of ITP, related etiological research, and the association between ITP and vaccination.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the characteristics of new confirmed ITP cases during 2019-2022 by using the data collected from the electronic medical record database of Gansu.Results:A total of 4 159 cases of ITP were newly diagnosed in Gansu from 2019 to 2022; with an overall incidence of 4.11/100 000 (95% CI: 3.98/100 000- 4.23/100 000), the incidence was 3.49/100 000 in men (95% CI: 3.33/100 000-3.65/100 000), and 4.74/100 000 in women (95% CI: 4.56/100 000-4.94/100 000), the difference was significant ( P<0.001). The incidence in children and the elderly was high, and the risk for ITP was higher in boys aged <10 years and men aged ≥80 years than in girls, and the risk was higher in adult women (20- 69 years) than in adult men. The incidence peak of ITP occurred in summer (June, July and August), and the incidence trough was in February or October in Gansu, and the annual incidence level in each age group showed cyclical changes. The risk for ITP was high in eastern and western areas, and low in central area. Conclusions:The incidence of ITP were high in children and the elderly in Gansu in 2019-2022, and men were at higher risk for ITP compared with women, and higher risk for ITP was observed in women in total population. There were also seasonal and regional specific high incidence.

OBJECTIVE To prepare patchouli oil enteric-coated dropping pills, evaluate its colon-targeted release behaviors and therapeutic potency against rat ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS The single factor combined with response surface optimization method was used to screen matrix types and optimize preparation process parameters. Formula and thickness of Eudragit coating was selected based on dissolution tendency toward simulated intestinal fluids. Finally, colon targeting release behavior and the therapeutic effect of the preparation were assessed on the rat UC model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). RESULTS The optimal prescription of patchouli oil dropping pills was patchouli oil∶PEG6000∶PEG8000 ratio of 1∶1∶1; and the optimal condition for preparing patchouli oil pills was keeping nozzle temperature at 9 ℃, and dropping pills at the speed of 33 drops·min−1, with dropping distance set at 6 cm; the optimal ratio of Eudragit L100∶Eudragit S100 was 3∶7 for preferential release in simulate intestinal fluid over simulated gastric fluid. Compared with free patchouli oil, patchouli oil enteric-coated dropping pills significantly alleviated the pathological symptoms such as weight loss, hematochezia and colon shortening in rats; the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 in serum was significantly down-regulated and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 was significantly up-regulated. The mRNA expression of Mucin-1 and Mucin-2 in colon tissue was significantly up-regulated and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSION The patchouli oil enteric-coated dropping pills have colon-targeted release ability and improve the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major health burden in the world. So far, many strategies have been investigated to control the spread of COVID-19, including social distancing, disinfection protocols, vaccines, and antiviral treatments. Despite the significant achievement, due to the constantly emerging new variants, COVID-19 is still a great challenge to the global healthcare system. It is an urgent demand for the development of new therapeutics and technologies for containing the wild spread of SARS-CoV-2. Inhaled administration is useful for the treatment of lung and respiratory diseases, and enables the drugs to reach the site of action directly with benefits of decreased dose, improved safety, and enhanced patient compliance. Nanotechnology has been extensively applied in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In this review, the inhaled nanomedicines and antibodies, as well as intranasal nanodrugs, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are summarized.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.004.].

Platelets buoy up cancer metastasis via arresting cancer cells, enhancing their adhesion, and facilitating their extravasation through the vasculature. When deprived of intracellular and granular contents, platelet decoys could prevent metastatic tumor formation. Inspired by these, we developed nanoplatesomes by fusing platelet membranes with lipid membranes (P-Lipo) to restrain metastatic tumor formation more efficiently. It was shown nanoplateletsomes bound with circulating tumor cells (CTC) efficiently, interfered with CTC arrest by vessel endothelial cells, CTC extravasation through endothelial layers, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells as nanodecoys. More importantly, in the mouse breast tumor metastasis model, nanoplateletsomes could decrease CTC survival in the blood and counteract metastatic tumor growth efficiently by inhibiting the inflammation and suppressing CTC escape. Therefore, nanoplatelesomes might usher in a new avenue to suppress lung metastasis.

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has resulted in stressful healthcare burdens and global health crises. Developing an effective measure to protect people from infection is an urgent need. The blockage of interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein is considered an essential target for anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs. A full-length ACE2 protein could be a potential drug to block early entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. In this study, a therapeutic strategy was developed by using extracellular vesicles (EVs) with decoy receptor ACE2 for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. The EVs embedded with engineered ACE2 (EVs-ACE2) were prepared; the EVs-ACE2 were derived from an engineered cell line with stable ACE2 expression. The potential effect of the EVs-ACE2 on anti-SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo neutralization experiments using the pseudovirus with the S protein (S-pseudovirus). EVs-ACE2 can inhibit the infection of S-pseudovirus in various cells, and importantly, the mice treated with intranasal administration of EVs-ACE2 can suppress the entry of S-pseudovirus into the mucosal epithelium. Therefore, the intranasal EVs-ACE2 could be a preventive medicine to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This EVs-based strategy offers a potential route to COVID-19 drug development.

The heparin polysaccharide nanoparticles block the interaction between heparan sulfate/S protein and inhibit the infection of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the mutated strains through pulmonary delivery.Image 1.

An essential step for cancer vaccination is to break the immunosuppression and elicit a tumor-specific immunity. A major hurdle against cancer therapeutic vaccination is the insufficient immune stimulation of the cancer vaccines and lack of a safe and efficient adjuvant for human use. We discovered a novel cancer immunostimulant, trichosanthin (TCS), that is a clinically used protein drug in China, and developed a well-adaptable protein-engineering method for making recombinant protein vaccines by fusion of an antigenic peptide, TCS, and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), termed an "all-in-one" vaccine, for transcutaneous cancer immunization. The TCS adjuvant effect on antigen presentation was investigated and the antitumor immunity of the vaccines was investigated using the different tumor models. The vaccines were prepared

Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers. Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility, drug aggregation, low bioavailability, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs. During 2015-2018, significant progress in the research on drug delivery systems has been achieved along with advances in related fields, such as pharmaceutical sciences, material sciences and biomedical sciences. This review provides a concise overview of current progress in this research area through its focus on the delivery strategies, construction techniques and specific examples. It is a valuable reference for pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the design of drug delivery systems.

Objective: To construct Bayes discriminant function for clinical classification of common and severe Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases, and to identify cases accurately with quantitative indicators. Methods: Samples of confirmed common and severe JE cases reported by the epidemic surveillance system of Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2017 were collected. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis and Bayes stepwise discriminant analysis were used to screen meaningful clinical indicators, so as to construct and evaluate Bayes discriminant function. Results: There were 256 common JE cases and 257 severe JE cases. There were no significant differences in sex, age and occupation distributions between the two groups (P>0.05) and there was significant difference in case fatality rate (P<0.05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis and Bayes stepwise discriminant analysis, combined with using related literature, to screen 11 clinical indicators for the construction of Bayes discriminant function. Interactive validation showed that the sensitivity of discriminant function was 71.48% (95%CI: 65.53%-76.93%) and the specificity was 73.93% (95%CI: 68.11%-79.19%). The area under ROC curve was 0.761 (95%CI: 0.720-0.803) and the total accuracy rate was 72.71%. Conclusion Bayes discriminant function can be used to identify common and severe JE cases more accurately, which is helpful for the reasonable treatment and good prognosis of JE patients.