Objective:To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2022 and to provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention in the area.Methods:Epidemiological data on HFMD in Shenzhen Nanshan District from 2019 to 2022 in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed using descriptive research methods.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the etiology characteristics of clinical specimens from HFMD patients. The VP1 gene of the dominant pathogen coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was amplified and sequenced. SepMan Pro of DNASTAR software was used for sequence assembly and MegAlign was used for nucleotide homology analysis.Results:A total of 13 195 HFMD cases were reported in Shenzhen Nanshan District from 2019 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 186.18/100, 000. Summer and autumn are the main onset seasons and children under 7 years old were the main population, accounting for 93.1%. The male-to-female ratio is 1.44∶1. A total of 451 clinical HFMD specimens were detected in the laboratory, including 403 positive (87.36%) and 48 negative (10.64%). The main pathogens were CV-A6 (63.03%), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) (27.79%), coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) (4.71%), coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) (1.99%), Echovirus 11 (Echo-11) (0.25%), and uncertain type accounted for 2.23%, with no detection for enterovirus71 (EV71) type. The nucleotide homology of the 13 CV-A6 strains ranged from 94.0%?99.6%, and the nucleotide homology with the prototype strain Gdula ranged 84.1%?85.8%. The results of phylogenetic tree showed that all 13 CV-A6 strains in Nanshan District were of the D3a genotype.Conclusions:FHFMD in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City in 2019-2022 shows obvious differences in population and time distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education on HFMD prevention and control in the summer and fall seasons and among key populations. CV-A6 and CV-A16 are the dominant strains of HFMD in Nanshan District, Shenzhen in recent years, so the monitoring of the dominant strains should be improved.

We conducted a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, multicenter trial on the use of Shuanghuanglian (SHL), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, in treating cases of COVID-19. A total of 176 patients received SHL by three doses (56 in low dose, 61 in middle dose, and 59 in high dose) in addition to standard care. The control group was composed of 59 patients who received standard therapy alone. Treatment with SHL was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to disease recovery. Patients with 14-day SHL treatment had significantly higher rate in negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 in nucleic acid swab tests than the patients from the control group (93.4% vs. 73.9%, P = 0.006). Analysis of chest computed tomography images showed that treatment with high-dose SHL significantly promoted absorption of inflammatory focus of pneumonia, which was evaluated by density reduction of inflammatory focus from baseline, at day 7 (mean difference (95% CI), -46.39 (-86.83 to -5.94) HU; P = 0.025) and day 14 (mean difference (95% CI), -74.21 (-133.35 to -15.08) HU; P = 0.014). No serious adverse events occurred in the SHL groups. This study illustrated that SHL in combination with standard care was safe and partially effective for the treatment of COVID-19.
COVID-19 ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the IgG antibody levels of whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus in pregnant women in Nanshan District.Methods:From January to March 2019, 495 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria in a hospital in Nanshan District, Shenzhen were selected as the survey subjects. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus IgG antibodies and we compared the differences in antibody levels of pregnant women with different characteristics.Results:The maternal age was (29.23±4.08) years old. The geometric mean concentration of pertussis antibody was 2.589 (1.172-4.953) IU/ml, 1.01% (5 cases) of pregnant women had pertussis antibody concentration ≥ 40 IU/ml, and 75.15% (372 cases) of pregnant women had pertussis antibody concentration<5 IU/ml. The GMC value and antibody positive rate of diphtheria in pregnant women were 0.024(0.009-0.065) IU/ml and 72.53% (359 cases), respectively. The GMC value and antibody positive rate of tetanus in pregnant women were 0.014 (0.006-0.034) IU/ml and 53.74% (266 cases), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the antibody level and antibody positive rate among pregnant women of diphtheria and tetanus, respectively.Conclusion:The concentration of antibodies against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus in pregnant women are all at a low level, which is not enough to protect themselves from disease infection.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the IgG antibody levels of whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus in pregnant women in Nanshan District.Methods:From January to March 2019, 495 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria in a hospital in Nanshan District, Shenzhen were selected as the survey subjects. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus IgG antibodies and we compared the differences in antibody levels of pregnant women with different characteristics.Results:The maternal age was (29.23±4.08) years old. The geometric mean concentration of pertussis antibody was 2.589 (1.172-4.953) IU/ml, 1.01% (5 cases) of pregnant women had pertussis antibody concentration ≥ 40 IU/ml, and 75.15% (372 cases) of pregnant women had pertussis antibody concentration<5 IU/ml. The GMC value and antibody positive rate of diphtheria in pregnant women were 0.024(0.009-0.065) IU/ml and 72.53% (359 cases), respectively. The GMC value and antibody positive rate of tetanus in pregnant women were 0.014 (0.006-0.034) IU/ml and 53.74% (266 cases), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the antibody level and antibody positive rate among pregnant women of diphtheria and tetanus, respectively.Conclusion:The concentration of antibodies against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus in pregnant women are all at a low level, which is not enough to protect themselves from disease infection.

Objective:To analyze the effects of noise exposure on the hearing at different frequencies in workers from the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods:A total of 4723 noise workers in a large automobile manufacturing company in Guangzhou were chosen as the research object by using judgment sampling method between April and July, 2018, and carried out 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz pure tone audiometry threshold to analyze the characteristics of the status of hearing loss at different frequencies and its relationship with the noise exposure time.Results:The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers was 29.8% (1406/4723) . Among them, the binaural hearing loss was 21.2% (999/4723) , and single unilateral hearing loss accounted for 8.6% (407/4723) . The hearing loss detection rate of right ear was higher than that of the left ear ( P<0.05) , especially in the 6.0 kHz ( P<0.001) . The detection rate of increased speech frequency hearing threshold was 1.9% (90/4723) , and the detection rate of increased high-frequency hearing threshold was 28.9% (1366/4723) . The detection rate of increased threshold in both the left and the right ear increased with the increase of frequency ( P<0.001) , the increased hearing threshold was the highest at the frequency of 6.0 kHz. The auditory threshold of left ear in 0.5 kHz were higher than that of right ear at the same frequency ( P<0.05) . The detection rate of hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure time ( P<0.001) , and the increased threshold of 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz from workers increased with the increase of noise exposure time ( P<0.001) . Conclusion:There is a significant increased threshold in workers exposed to noise frequency of 6.0 kHz, right ear is more easily damaged than left ear, there is a dose-response relationship for the noise exposure time and high-frequency hearing loss.

Objective:To analyze the effects of noise exposure on the hearing at different frequencies in workers from the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods:A total of 4723 noise workers in a large automobile manufacturing company in Guangzhou were chosen as the research object by using judgment sampling method between April and July, 2018, and carried out 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz pure tone audiometry threshold to analyze the characteristics of the status of hearing loss at different frequencies and its relationship with the noise exposure time.Results:The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers was 29.8% (1406/4723) . Among them, the binaural hearing loss was 21.2% (999/4723) , and single unilateral hearing loss accounted for 8.6% (407/4723) . The hearing loss detection rate of right ear was higher than that of the left ear ( P<0.05) , especially in the 6.0 kHz ( P<0.001) . The detection rate of increased speech frequency hearing threshold was 1.9% (90/4723) , and the detection rate of increased high-frequency hearing threshold was 28.9% (1366/4723) . The detection rate of increased threshold in both the left and the right ear increased with the increase of frequency ( P<0.001) , the increased hearing threshold was the highest at the frequency of 6.0 kHz. The auditory threshold of left ear in 0.5 kHz were higher than that of right ear at the same frequency ( P<0.05) . The detection rate of hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure time ( P<0.001) , and the increased threshold of 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz from workers increased with the increase of noise exposure time ( P<0.001) . Conclusion:There is a significant increased threshold in workers exposed to noise frequency of 6.0 kHz, right ear is more easily damaged than left ear, there is a dose-response relationship for the noise exposure time and high-frequency hearing loss.

Foodborne Campylobacter is recognized as the leading causes of the bacterial diarrheal illness in both developing and developed countries. C. jejuni and C. coli caused 95% of the human campylobacterisosis. Bacteria culture has been recognized as the "Gold standard" for the diagnosis of the Campylobacter infection. The National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention coordinated the experienced researchers from China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment and other local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to write up the standards for entitled Isolation and Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (T/CPMA 006-2019). The standard is drafted with principles of emphasizing the scientific, normative, applicability and feasible nature. This group standard recommended the procedures and steps for the isolation and identification of C. jejuni and C.coli from variant samples. The standard aims to improve the capacity for Campylobacter identification in China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of prostate diseases in traffic policemen. Methods: A total of 848 traffic policemen who took part in the physical examination among August and September in 2016 were selected as research subjects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their information including smoking, alcohol drinking, biological and physiological indicators, as well as prostate disease etc. The relationship between the prevalence of prostate diseases and related risk factors was analyzed by Non-conditional Logistic Regression. Results: The total prostate disease prevalence rate was 40.2% in the study subjects, and there is statistical significance (P<0.05) of differences between prostate disease group and non disease group in age, work age, smoking, drinking and field work. Single factor analysis showed that age, work age, smoking, and field work are independent risk factors of prostate disease (P<0.05) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age (OR 1.03) , smoking (OR 1.92) and field work time (OR 1.47) significantly increased the risk of prostate disease in male police after age, smoking, drinking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and other indicators were adjusted. Conclusion age, smoking and field work time are risk factors of prostate diseases in the traffic police. There is great significance in publicizing the harmful effects of smoking and reducing the duration of field work.

Objective To investigate the effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) changes on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Rat TBI models were constructed by the means of controlled cortical injury.A total of 72 rats were included and randomly divided into four groups:sham,TBI,TBI + SEW (TBI + S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 intervention) and TBI + VPC group (TBI + S1PR1 antagonist VPC23019 intervention),with 18 rats per group.The TBI model was induced by a control cortical injury device.The injured rats in TBI + SEW group and TBI + VPC group were respectively administrated with S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 and antagonist VPC23019 at scheduled time points after TBI.Hippocampal S1PR1 expression was detected by Western-blotting and the proliferation of NSCs was assessed by double-labeled immunofluorescence staining at days 7,14 and 21 after injury.Results At days 7,14 and 21 after TBI,the hippocampal S1PR1 levels and NSCs proliferation amounts in sham,TBI,TBI + SEW and TBI + VPC groups were evidently different (P ＜ 0.05).In particular,the outstanding changes among the four groups above occurred at 7 d after injury were as following:S1PR1 expression in TBI group significantly increased by 1.56 times compared with that in sham group,and it was respectively upregulated by 66.67％ in TBI + SEW group and down-regulated by 20.29％ in TBI + VPC group (P ＜0.05).The nmmber of NSCs proliferation in TBI group was 2.08 times more than that in sham group,and it increased by 36.75％ in TBI + SEW group and reduced by 18.77％ in TBI + VPC group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of S1 PRI is closely associated with the proliferation of NSCs in hippocampus after TBI,indicating that S1PR1 activation may be an effective strategy to improve the posttraumatic neurogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation and analyze the characteristics of balance function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to find out the importance of proprioception, vision and vestibular in postural control. METHOD: All subjects were divided into two groups, 37 normal individuals, 33 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All were assessed by computerized posturography under six upright stance.conditions: including standing on the firm surface and foam with eyes open and closed. RESULT: (1) On anteroposterior,the scores of proprioception, vision and vestibular were 93.96 ± 7.95, 80.22 ± 16.24, 70.87 ± 20.99, the normal were 98.00 ± 2.18, 91.44 ± 6.01, 80.44 ± 7.81. There were significances between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group (P < 0.05) respectively. (2) On lateral, the scores of vision and vestibular were 80.39 ± 12.60, 73.96 ± 16.04, and the normal were 92.11 ± 4.50, 83.18 ± 9.45. There were significances with P < 0.05 between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group. However, there was no obvious difference in proprioception scores between the two groups. (3) The limit of stability of normal group were (176.47 ± 44.13) mm²; diabetic group was (143.13 ± 62.30) mm². There was statistical significance between the group with P < 0.05. (In diabetic patients, there was no significant difference between the no dizziness group and the dizziness group of the scores of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular as well as stable limits, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION The balance function of patients with type 2 diabetes decreased. It is the main characteristic that the vision and vestibular decreased more significantly in the postural control.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Dizziness ; complications ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Proprioception ; Vertigo ; complications ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology ; Vision, Ocular