Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Congenital median cleft lip caused by all kinds of reasons is the most basic presentation of facial median cleft. Although a wide array of options is available, the technique employed will largely depend on the surgeon preference and experience, and lack of uniform standards. The basic surgical treatments of midline cleft lip and nose deformities include exposure of abnormal anatomy, repair soft tissue and skin, anatomic approximation of cartilaginous elements, orbicularis oris muscle repair and craniofacial osteotomy. In addition, there still doesn’ t have a common classification system to stratify the wide variations of midline cleft lip and nasal deformity, which is important to formulate specific surgical method for different types. This article summarized various classifications, recommended to use the Kolker' s classification by which the treatment options were summarized and proposed research prospects to provide ideas for further study.

Objective To investigate the surgical methods and the differences of postoperative complications in esophageal canccr patients aged 60 years and over undergoing different operation models.Methods A total of 542 elderly esophageal cancer patients who underwent thoracic surgery at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 were enrolled.Patients were divided into 4 groups:left thoracic incision operation group (n =202),lvor-Lewis two incisions operation group (right chest posterolateral and upper abdomen median) (n=251),three incision operation group (left neckright chest-abdominal midian (n =29),and McKneown under-endoscope minimally invasive operation group (n=60).Clinical data,including the postoperative days,numbers of lymph nodes dissection,pulmonary infection,serous membrane fluid,arrhythmia,chylous fistula,gastric emptying dysfunction and anastomotic leakage,were retrospectively compared between the four groups.Results There was no significant difference in the postoperative days,serous membrane fluid,arrhythmia,chylous fistula,gastric emptying dysfunction and anastomotic leakage (P ＞ 0.05).The number of lymph nodes dissection in Sweet group,Ivor-Lewis group,Mckeown operation group and minimally invasive Mckneown group were (12.9±7.4)、(19.3±8.6)、(14.3±6.9)and(15.4±7.3)respectively.The number of lymph nodes dissection was more in the Ivor-Lewis group than in the other three groups (F =23.915,P =0.000).Sweet group,Ivor-Lewis group,Mckeown group and minimally invasive Mckneown group were 31.7％、40.2％、24.1％ and 50.0％ respectively.The incidence of pulmonary infection was higher in the minimally invasive surgery group than in the other three groups (x2 =9.941,P =0.019).Conclusions Ivor-Lewis surgery is more effective in lymph nodes dissection and has a lower incidence of complications in elderly esophageal cancer patients.The minimally invasive surgery group has a higher incidence of pulmonary infection than in the other surgical groups,which may be related with the immaturity of endoscopic technique.

In non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC),a major characteristic is the abnormal methylation of some certain genes. The hypomethylation of proto-oncogene has the potential to promote carcinogenesis and the formation of neoplasm may also be induced by the hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. Meanwhile, the balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation is closely connected to the tumorigenesis. While the histone acetyltransferases can directly acetylate genes related to proliferation,causing cell growth and transfor-mation,histone deacetylase will also alter the level of acetylation of certain proteins,and eventually affect NSCLC. Hence,these abnormal epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the formation and develop-ment of NSCLC.

Background and purpose:At present, the relationship between tumor length and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients has been a controversial topic, and there have been few studies describing the effect of tumor length on clinicopathology and prognosis of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the tumor length on clinicopathology and prognosis of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients.Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of 686 node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients, conifrmed by surgical pathology specimens in the First Afifliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cut-off value was determined by decision tree model. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the prognostic factors of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients.Results:In decision tree analysis, esophageal tumor length was correlated with an increasing hazard ratio for death with a cut-off value at 3 cm. No signiifcant differences were found in gender, onset age, lesion site and pathological type between 2 groups which were patients with tumor length≤3 cm and tumor length >3 cm (P>0.05). The only 1 difference between 2 groups was T stage (P<0.001), and tumor length had a positive correlation with T stage (r=0.373). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients with tumor length≤3 cm and tumor length >3 cm were 95.7%, 84.4%, 76.1% and 88.3%, 57.8%, 46.5% respectively, and the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.001). Tumor length was signiifcantly associated with overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusion:Tumor length has close relationship with T stage in node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients. Tumor length≤3 cm could be considered as T1-2 and >3 cm as T3. Tumor length is an important prognostic factor for esophageal carcinoma patients without lymphatic metastasis.

BACKGROUNDStudies have shown that the drug resistance of gastric cancer cells can be modulated by abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigated the role of miR-503 in the development of cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer cell lines.

METHODSMiR-503 expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and clonogenic assays were used to examine changes in cell viability and the drug resistance phenotype of cancer cells associated with upregulation or downregulation of the miRNA. A dual-luciferase activity assay was used to verify target genes of miR-503. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting analysis, and a flow cytometric apoptosis assay were used to elucidate the mechanism by which miR-503 modulates drug resistance in cancer cells.

RESULTSMiR-503 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and several gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally, downregulation of miR-503 in the cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/DDP was concurrent with the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression compared with the parental SGC7901 cell line. An in vitro drug sensitivity assay showed that overexpression of miR-503 sensitized SGC7901/DDP cells to cisplatin. The luciferase activity of reporters driven by IGF1R and BCL2 3'-untranslated regions in SGC7901/DDP cells suggested that IGF1R and BCL2 were both direct target genes of miR-503. Enforced miR-503 expression in SGC7901/DDP cells reduced expression of the target proteins, inhibited proliferation, and sensitized the cells to DDP-induced apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that hsa-miR-503 modulates cisplatin resistance of human gastric cancer cells at least in part by targeting IGF1R and BCL2.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics