Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1^KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1^KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABA_A receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism* ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism*

Objective There have been many techniques proposed for the reconstruction of pancreatic digestive continuity to prevent fistula (PF) formation, but this is still highly debated. We carried out a systematic review and meta- analysis to determine the effectiveness of methods of anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods A full literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register Databases, Medline, et al.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were considered for inclusion. Analysis was carried out using Revman software. Results In all, 10 RCTs including a total of 1 408 patients were included, the pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) groups, duct to mucosa PJ and PJ, binding PJ and PJ, pancreatic duct without anastomosis PJ and PJ. The meta-analysis showed that the PF, postoperative complications, biliary fistula, mortality, re-operation and hospital stay were not statistically different among four methods(P>0.05).Conclusions No ideal technique of pancreatic reconstruction after PD is found to be applicable to all kinds of pancreatic remnants in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective To compare the curative effect of open and minimally invasive treatment of acute closed achilles tendon rupture with 5 years followed-up study.Methods From September,2010 to January,2012,28 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon rupture in our hospital were followed up for 5 years.There were 21 males and 7 females.Minimally invasive percutaneous suture in 11 cases;open suture in the treatment of 17 cases.The patients were followed up at 6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years,and 5 years after AOFAS and ATRS score.Results The follow-up time ranged from 60 to 72 months.All incisions healed by first intention and no incision related complications occurred.2 groups of patients with ATRS score at 6 months after operation:the open group was 81.23±3.99,minimally invasive percutaneous group of 88.27±4.27,the difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.After 1 year,there was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups.Two groups of patients with AOFAS score at 6 months after operation:the open group was 69.00±6.23,minimally invasive percutaneous group of 79.27±4.83,the difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.At one year after operation,the open group was 85.53±3.38,and the minimally invasive group was more than 89.90±3.38.The difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.After 2 years,there was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups.Conclusion There is no significant difference between the 2 years after surgery in the treatment of acute closed Achilles tendon rupture or open surger.

AIM: To investigate the effect of peripheral administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and hyperalgesia in rats and its relationship with interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).METHODS: The core temperature (Tc), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and activity were measured by telemetry in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ during a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod (lights on at 06:00 and lights off at 18:00).The rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg), AVP (10 μg/kg) or V1a vasopressin receptor antagonist (V1a antagonist, 30 μg/kg) at 10:00 or 11:30.Hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring the latency to withdraw a hindpaw from radiant heat (Hargreaves test).The concentrations of IL-1β and PGE2 in the serum were tested by ELISA.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of LPS induced periods of biphasic fever accompanied by hyperalgesia.AVP reversed LPS-induced fever, and decreased the hyperalgesia and BAT thermogenesis.Peripheral administration of V1a antagonist enhanced the fever produced by LPS, but did not affect the hyperalgesia.AVP significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β and PGE2 production.CONCLUSION: Peripheral administration of AVP reverses LPS-induced fever and decreases hyperalgesia by reduction of BAT thermogenesis and inhibition of IL-1β and PGE2.Endogenous AVP attenuates the fever induced by LPS, but does not affect the nociceptive thresholds.

Objective To evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in identifying species of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex,and investigate the species distribution of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolated in our hospital.Methods A total of 502 nonduplicate clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex were retrospectively collected from the second affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2012 and July 2012.All strains were re-identified by MALDI-TOF MS and were also verified by sequence analysis of 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region.Results Among all the 502 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex,identificaion results provided by MALDI-TOF MS were A.baumannii (431,85.9％),A.pittii (68,13.5％),A.calcoaceticus (3,0.6％).Sequence analysis of 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region was used to identify all the 502 strains:403 (80.3％) were identified as A.baumannii,68 (13.5％) as A.pittii,28 (5.6％) as A.nosocomialis and 3 (0.6％) as A.calcoaceticus.MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified all the strains but erroneously identified all 28 strains of A.nosocomialis as A.baumannii,compared with sequence analysis of 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region.Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a fast,simple,reliable and excellently reproducible method to identify members of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex at low costs.MALDI-TOF MS is expected to be an ideal technique for routine clinical microbiology testing in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of different treatment programs for patients with acute organophosphate poisoning (AOPP).MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients with AOPP were divided into treatment group (80 cases) and control group (50 cases) by table of random digit.The treatment group was given atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride ladder intramuscular injection on the basis of the conventional treatment.The control group was given atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride intravenous drip on the basis of conventional treatment.The healing rate,creatine kinase(CK),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),amylase and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between two groups.ResultsThe healing rates of patients with mild,moderate and severe poisoning patients in treatment group were respectively significantly higher than those in control group [ 100.00％(19/19) vs.75.00％(9/12),95.35％(41/43) vs.64.29％(18/28) and 88.89％(16/18) vs.60.00％ (6/10),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in CK,AST,amylase and CRP before treatment between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The CK,AST,amylase and CRP after treatment in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group [ ( 152.3 ± 23.2) U/L vs.(258.5 ± 22.2) U/L,(37.5 ± 11.4) U/L vs.(44.5± 12.4) U/L,(114.2±43.8) U/Lvs.(147.3 ±61.4) U/L,(5.7±4.1)mg/Lvs.(9.8±5.2)mg/L,P ＜0.05].Conclusions The use of atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride ladder intramuscular injection for mild,moderate and severe AOPP patients is excellent in therapeutic effects,and the clinical cure rates and blood biochemical parameters are more desirable.It is worthy of clinical application.

Based on the structure of 5-fluoroindol-2-one and fragments from thirteen multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors which have been marketed or in the phase of clinical research, eleven 3-aromatic Shiff base-5-fluoroindol-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. In vitro antitumor bioactivities evaluation was done by MTT method. It was shown that most of synthesized compounds had antitumor activities and compounds 1b, 1g, 1i and 1h were better than or equal to the antitumor activity of positive control.

Objective To Study wheather the endogenous arginine vasopressin(AVP)is involved in the effect of oxotremorine(a muscarinic receptor agonist)-induced hypothermic response.Methods Core temperature and motor activity were monitored in undisturbed rats using radiotelemetry.Effect of AVP V1 antagonist on oxotremorine(OXO)-induced changes in body temperature and motor activity were observed in the rats.Results Administration of OXO led to a marked hypothermia.Core temperature recovered to basal levels at 4 hours after OXO administration.AVP V1 antagonist blocked markedly the hypothermia effect of OXO.Conclusion The AVP V1-receptor antagonist block the hypothermic effect of OXO,which suggests that OXO-induced hypothermia is mediated by AVP releasing.

Objective To study the subcutaneous injection of physostigmine (PHY) inducing hypothermic response and its relationship with endogenous arginine vasopressin ( AVP). Methods Core temperature and motor activity were monitored by telemetry in female rats maintained at an ambient temperature of 25℃. Tail skin temperature was measured at 30 min intervals with digital thermometer. The central cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine ( lmg/kg ) and AVP V_1 receptor antagonist were administered during the period of PHY (0. 25mg/kg) induced hypothermia. Plasma AVP concentration was measured at 50 min after administration of PHY. Results Subcutaneous injection of PHY led to a rapid reduction in core temperature concomitant with a marked elevation in the heat loss from the tail. The hypothermic response of PHY was blocked by scopolamine and AVP V1 antagonist. Plasma AVP concentration increased markedly at 50 min after PHY. Conclusion The results suggest that endogenous A VP could be involved in PHY -induced hypothermic processes. This may be a novel mechanisms of action for a reversible anticholinesterase drug ( such as PHY ) - induced hypothermia.

Objective To prepare a kind of one-off self-heating material for physical therapy and health care. Methods Polymer in salt solid electrolyte(SPE)was prepared with urea, thiourea and polyethelene glycol(PEG). The SPE was chosen to prepare a self-heating material through mixing with reduced iron powder and activated carbon powder. Results The self-heating material was in solid state and performed satisfactory. It released heat when contacted with air and was in dormancy when isolated from air. Conclusion SPE can be used for solid self-heating material through mixing with metal powder and activated carbon powder. The self-heating material can be used for mount of ointment and for other heat-wanted one-off medical use.