Room temperature stored platelets are associated with a higher risk of sepsis and related fatality. The risk of bacterial contamination of platelets is a leading risk of infection from blood transfusion. U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued a guidance on bacterial risk control strategies for blood collection establishments and transfusion services to enhance the safety and availability of platelets for transfusion. The prevention and control strategies in the guidance would be informative and instructive for further development of risk control strategies of platelet bacterial contamination in China.

BACKGROUND:Psoralen has a strong anti-osteoporotic activity and may have a restorative effect on chemotherapy-induced osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To explore the restorative effect of psoralen on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice inhibited by cyclophosphamide and its mechanism. METHODS:C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured.Effect of psoralen on viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by MTT assay.Osteogenic induction combined with alkaline phosphatase staining was used to determine the optimal dose of psoralen to restore the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibited by cyclophosphamide.The mRNA expression levels of Runx2,alkaline phosphatase,Osteocalcin,osteoprotegerin,and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes Wnt1,Wnt4,Wnt10b,β-catenin,and c-MYC were measured by RT-qPCR at different time points under the intervention with psoralen.The protein expression of osteogenic specific transcription factor Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related genes Active β-catenin,DKK1,c-MYC,and Cyclin D1 was determined by western blot assay at different time points under the intervention with psoralen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no significant effect of different concentrations of psoralen on the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The best recovery of the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by cyclophosphamide was under the intervention of psoralen at a concentration of 200 μmol/L.(2)Psoralen reversed the reduction in osteogenic differentiation marker genes Runx2,alkaline phosphatase,Osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin mRNA expression and Runx2 protein expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by cyclophosphamide conditioned medium.(3)Psoralen reversed the decrease in Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes Wnt4,β-catenin,c-MYC mRNA and Active β-catenin,c-MYC,and Cyclin D1 protein expression and the increase in DKK1 protein expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by cyclophosphamide conditioned medium.(4)The results showed that cyclophosphamide inhibited osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice,and psoralen had a restorative effect on it.The best intervention effect was achieved at a concentration of 200 μmol/L psoralen,and this protective effect might be related to the activation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway by psoralen.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors associated with post-prematurity respiratory disease (PPRD) in very preterm infants.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 369 very preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, within one week of birth from January 2019 to June 2023. Data on maternal and infant clinical characteristics, neonatal morbidities, and treatments during hospitalization were collected. The very preterm infants were divided into 2 groups based on whether they developed PPRD. Continuous variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests or continuity correction χ2 test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for PPRD in very preterm infants. Results:Among the 369 very preterm infants, 217 cases(58.8%) were male, with a gestational age of 30 (28, 31) weeks at birth and a birth weight of 1 320 (1 085, 1 590) g. Of these, 116 cases (31.4%) developed PPRD, while 253 cases (68.6%) did not. The very preterm infants in the PPRD group had a lower gestational age and lower birth weight (both, P<0.001). The PPRD group also had a higher proportion of males, lower Apgar scores at the 1 th minute after birth and the 5 th minutes after birth, a higher rate of born via cesarean delivery, and a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, more pulmonary surfactant treatment, longer durations of mechanical ventilation, longer total oxygen therapy, and lower Z-score for weight at discharge (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age ( OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99, P=0.037), born via cesarean delivery ( OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.21-4.10, P=0.010), a duration of mechanical ventilation ≥7 days ( OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.43-4.39, P=0.001), and a Z-score for weight at discharge ( OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.67-0.99, P=0.040) were all independent risk factors for PPRD in very preterm infants. Conclusion:Very preterm infants with a small gestational age, born via cesarean section, mechanical ventilation ≥7 days, and a low Z-score for weight at discharge should be closely monitored for PPRD, and provided with standardized respiratory management after discharge.

Objective To investigate the global burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from 1990 to 2021 and predict the trends in the burden of VL from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into global VL prevention and control. Methods The global age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of VL and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources. The trends in the global burden of VL were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from 1990 to 2021, and gender-, age-, country-, geographical area- and socio-demographic index (SDI)-stratified burdens of VL were analyzed. The trends in the global burden of VL were projected with a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035, and the associations of age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates of VL with SDI levels were examined with a smoothing spline model. Results The global age-standardized incidence [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)], prevalence [AAPC = -0.06%, 95% CI: (-0.06%, -0.06%)], mortality [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)] and DALYs rates of VL [AAPC = -2.38%, 95% CI: (-2.44%, -2.33%)] all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, and the highest age-standardized incidence [2.55/10⁵, 95% UI: (1.49/10⁵, 4.07/10⁵)], prevalence [0.64/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.37/10⁵, 1.02/10⁵)], mortality [0.51/10⁵, 95% UI: (0, 1.80/10⁵)] and DALYs rates of VL [33.81/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.06/10⁵, 124.09/10⁵)] were seen in tropical Latin America in 2021. The global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of VL were both higher among men [0.57/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.45/10⁵, 0.72/10⁵); 0.14/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.11/10⁵, 0.18/10⁵)] than among women [0.27/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.33/10⁵); 0.06/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.05/10⁵, 0.08/10⁵)], and the highest mortality of VL was found among children under 5 years of age [0.24/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.08/10⁵, 0.66/10⁵)]. The age-standardized incidence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), prevalence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), mortality (r = -0.511, P < 0.001) and DALYs rates of VL (r = -0.514, P < 0.001) correlated negatively with SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. In addition, the global burden of VL was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2035, and the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates were projected to be reduced to 0.11/10⁵, 0.03/10⁵, 0.02/10⁵ and 1.44/10⁵ in 2035, respectively. Conclusions Although the global burden of VL appeared an overall tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, the burden of VL showed a tendency towards a rise in Central Asia and western sub-Saharan African areas. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of VL were relatively higher among men, and the age-standardized mortality of VL was relatively higher among children under 5 years of age. The global burden of VL was projected to continue to decline from 2022 to 2035.

Mental disorders are characterized by disturbances in behavior,volition,emotion,and cognition and are considered emotional diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Acupuncture is one of the most widely used complementary alternative therapies for the treatment of mental disorders.Recently,there has been growing interest in the use of the Tong Du Tiao Shen(Dredging Du meridian to regulate the spirit)as a primary treatment.However,a comprehensive summary of the establishment and related acupuncture methods of Tong Du Tiao Shen is lacking.This paper aims to address this gap by exploring the origin and development of Tong Du Tiao Shen,its application in treating mental disorders,and the modern biological mechanisms involved.Ultimately,this paper seeks to expand the clinical application of Tong Du Tiao Shen acupuncture and provide a scientific basis for future research in this field.

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) in children refers to an IBD with the onset age of less than 6 years old, clinically characterized by recurrent colitis, perianal lesions, and nutrient absorption disorders.Different from adults, single gene mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of VEO-IBD.To date, about 70 single gene defects have been identified involving the pathogenesis of VEO-IBD, including epithelial barrier, neutrophil and phagocyte function, immune cell selection and activation, immunosuppressive mechanism, or apoptosis.Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity, influences the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and the function of multiple immune cells, and plays a vital role in the development and progression of IBD.Patients with defects in the IL-10 signaling pathway (IL-10 or IL-10 receptor deficiency) may develop life-threatening colitis as early as childhood.This article reviews the progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of VEO-IBD caused by IL-10 signaling pathway defects.

BACKGROUND:Irisin,a myokine isolated from the transmembrane protein FNDC5 by muscle cells during exercise,has the function of inducing the browning of white adipose tissue,but its effect on lipotoxicity-induced osteogenic differentiation and the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of irisin on the osteogenic ability of palmitic acid-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the mechanism of action. METHODS:CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of palmitic acid on the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the effect of irisin on the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of palmitic acid.After pretreatment with irisin and palmitic acid for 24 hours,osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was induced by alkaline phosphatase staining as well as qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteogenesis-related genes on day 7 of osteogenic induction culture.The expression of proteins related to the AMPK/BMP2/SMAD signaling pathway was detected by western blot assay.Alizarin red staining was conducted on day 21 to detect osteogenic differences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The CCK-8 assay results suggested that the amplification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was inversely proportional to the concentration of palmitic acid,but at 0.02 mmol/L concentration,palmitic acid had no significant effect on the amplification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and irisin did not affect the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells when its mass concentration was in the range of 0.1-20 μg/L.(2)Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that palmitic acid inhibited the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Irisin improved palmitic acid-induced osteogenic inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.qRT-PCR results showed that palmitic acid could cause the downregulation of osteogenic-related genes,and irisin could inhibit this trend.(3)Western blot assay results showed that compared with the palmitic acid intervention group,irisin treatment enhanced AMPK/BMP2/SMAD signal transduction in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.It is found that irisin can improve the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with palmitic acid,and proposed that the specific mechanism might be mediated by AMPK/BMP/SMAD signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Grape seed extract can inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and aging,and improve osteoarthritis.However,the effects of grape seed extract on the apoptosis of chondrocytes in the growth plate and tibial growth are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of grape seed extract on interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis in rat growth plate cells and on tibial bone growth. METHODS:(1)Cell experiment:Growth plate chondrocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated,cultured,and identified.The cells were then randomly divided into control group,model group,grape seed extract group,miR-138-5p NC group and miR-138-5p inhibitor group.In the model group,20 ng/mL interleukin-1β was used to induce apoptosis in rat growth plate chondrocytes.In the grape seed extract group,20 ng/mL interleukin 1β was added along with 10 μmol/L grape seed extract solution for 48 hours.Cells in the miR-138-5p NC and inhibitor groups were transfected with 5 nmol/L miR-138-5p NC and 5 nmol/L miR-138-5p inhibitor for 12 hours,respectively,followed by addition of 20 ng/mL interleukin-1β.qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-138-5p and caspase-3 expression.Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the relationship between miR-138-5p and caspase-3 targeting.Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expressions were detected by western blot.(2)Animal experiment:The animals were divided into normal control group,grape seed extract group and miR-138-5p inhibitor group.The effects of grape seed extract on epiphyseal closure and tibial growth of the tibial plateau in rats were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:miR-138-5p had a targeting relationship with caspase-3.Compared with the control group,cell proliferation was significantly reduced,apoptosis was significantly increased(P＜0.01),miR-138-5p,Bcl-2 expression was reduced(P＜0.01),and caspase-3 expression was increased(P＜0.01)in the model group.Compared with the mod group,the grape seed extract group showed a significant increase in cell proliferation,a significant decrease in apoptosis(P＜0.01),an increase in miR-138-5p and Bcl-2 expression(P＜0.01)and a decrease in caspase-3 expression(P＜0.01).Compared with the grape seed extract group,the miR-138-5p inhibitor group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation,a significant increase in apoptosis(P＜0.01),a decrease in miR-138-5p and Bcl-2 expression(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and an increase in caspase-3 expression(P＜0.05).Intragastric administration of grape seed extract could delay epiphyseal closure of the tibial plateau and promote tibial bone growth in rats,whereas miR-138-5p inhibitor intervention inhibited the effect of grape seed extract on tibial bone growth in rats.To conclude,grape seed extract can inhibit apoptosis of rat growth plate chondrocytes through regulating the miR-138-5p/caspase-3 pathway,improve epiphyseal closure of rat tibial plateau and promote tibial bone growth.

Background Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common type of dementia.There has been an increasing trend in incidence rate.The drug therapy has been proven ineffective in improving the cognitive function of AD patients or delaying the disease progression,leading to perceived low adherence with treatment and low efficacy.Previous basic research shows that blue light irradiation is helpful to improve the cognitive function of AD model rats,but there is no corresponding clinical study on the improvement effect of blue light irradiation on cognitive function of AD patients.Objective To explore the efficacy of blue light irradiation in improving the cognitive function of AD patients,so as to provide references for cognitive stabilization or improvement of AD patients.Methods A sample of 155 patients who were hospitalized in Geriatric Department of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 and met the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)diagnostic criteria for AD were retrospectively selected.Among them,80 cases who received blue light irradiation combined with memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the study group,and 75 cases who only received memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the control group.Blue light irradiation therapy lasted for 4 weeks,5 times per week,with each session lasting for 30 min.Then Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL)were administered at the baseline and after treatment.Results After treatment,study group reported an increase in MMSE total score,orientation,immediate recall,attention/calculation,delayed recall and language dimension scores(Z=-6.931,-5.773,-4.123,-3.649,-3.508,-4.733,P<0.05),and a decrease in ADL total score(Z=-7.020,P<0.05)compared to baseline data.Analysis indicated that study group scored higher on MMSE total scale,orientation,immediate recall and language dimensions(Z=-2.784,-4.621,-2.483,-3.463,P<0.05),and lower on ADL total score(Z=-3.704,P<0.05)than those of control group after treatment.Conclusion Blue light irradiation for AD patients may improve their cognitive function and activities of daily living.

Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer death, and most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a very poor prognosis. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has entered the clinic as a screening tool for lung cancer, its false-positive rate is more than 90%. As one of the epigenetic modifications of research hotspots, DNA methylation plays a key role in a variety of diseases, including cancer.Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes are important events in tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, DNA methylation analysis can provide some useful information for the early screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Although invasive methods such as tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for tumor diagnosis and monitoring, they also have limitations such as inconvenience in sampling. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of liquid biopsy, which can detect primary or metastatic malignancies and reflect the heterogeneity of tumors. In addition, the blood sample can be collected in a minimally invasive or non-invasive format and is well tolerated in older and frail patients. This article explores some of the emerging technologies for DNA methylation analysis and provides an overview of the application of DNA methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.