African swine fever(ASF)is a virulent,hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),which seriously affects the healthy development of Chinese pig indus-try.The genome of ASFV is large and encodes more than 165 proteins.Among them,the p54 pro-tein is encoded by the E183L gene,which has various functions such as participating in viral as-sembly,inducing apoptosis and inducing immune response.The conventional Chinese vaccine(C-strain)is a safe and effective attenuated vaccine developed by Chinese scientists.It can efficiently protect against attacks from various genotypes of classical swine fever virus(CSFV).The aim of this study was to investigate whether C-strain can express ASFV p54 protein serve as a delivery vector for ASF genetically engineered vaccines.An infectious clone of pHCLV-p54 was constructed by homologous recombination,the recombinant virus rHCLV-p54 was rescued by transfecting it into SK6 cells by blind passaging.Its genetic stability and growth curve were determined in vitro,while rabbits were immunized to evaluate its immunity effect.The results showed that the E183L gene remained genetically stable in the recombinant virus,indicating that the E183L gene could be stably inherited in recombinant viruses,but the inserted exogenous gene affected the replication of the C-strain.The results of the rabbit immunization test showed that the recombinant virus rHCLV-p54 was able to induce ASFV-specific antibodies.The above results indicated that we have successfully constructed a recombinant C-strain that stably expresses the ASFV p54 protein.In summary,the recombinant virus rHCLV-p54 has a good immunogenicity and is warranted for fur-ther evaluation as a vaccine candidate.

Quantitative analysis of UL35 and gB genes at different time points after PRV infection showed that there were significant differences between the two at 2.5,5.0 and 20.0 h after infec-tion,and the expression of UL35 gene could be observed in the early stage of PRV infection.To de-termine whether the UL 35 gene can be used as a target for the diagnosis of PRV infection,a spe-cific primer pair was designed and synthesized according to the conserved sequence of the UL35 gene of different PRV strains,and used to amplify a fragment of 54 bp in length.After optimizing the reaction conditions and system,the standard curve for the established by SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time PCR detection method showed that it had good repeatability,specificity and a good linear rela-tionship to the template concentration.No amplifications for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),classical swine fever virus(CSFV),and African swine fever virus(AS-FV)were detected.Compared with the existing similar methods,the established method showed no difference in sensitivity.The coefficient of variation of inter-and intra-group repeatability for the method was less than 2％.Detection of the samples in mice challenged with PRV revealed a certain amount of viral load in tissue.The results showed that UL35 gene can be used as a target for the diagnosis of PRV infection.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of common chronic diseases and comorbidities in the elderly ≥65 years old in Xinzhou District, Wuhan. Methods A questionnaire survey, physical examination and a retrospective analysis of 12 common chronic diseases comorbidities were conducted in 2016 and 2018 in the resident elderly ≥65 years old. Results In 2016, the medical examination rate of the elderly aged ≥65 years old, the prevalence rate of ≥1 chronic disease, and the comorbidity rate of ≥2 chronic diseases in Xinzhou District were 57.37%, 82.53%, and 48.13%, respectively; in 2018, the medical examination rate, The prevalence of ≥1chronic diseases and the prevalence of ≥2 comorbidities were 47.57%, 83.13%, and 50.02%, respectively. The comparison of the three rates in two years was statistically significant (P＜0.006).The comorbidity of chronic diseases in the elderly accounted for more than 58.32%. The physical examination rate of the elderly is higher in women than in men, and higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The prevalence of chronic diseases is higher in women than in men, and the prevalence of chronic diseases is gradually increasing as the elderly ages. The prevalence of chronic diseases in people with normal BMI is lower than those with abnormal BMI, and the prevalence tend increased gradually with the increase of BMI in abnormal people. Hypertension (70.75%), hyperlipidemia (24.97%), diabetes (16.61%), osteoarthropathy (12.65%), hyperuricemia (9.35%), stroke (8.32%), eyes and appendages (5.88%)ranked the same in 2016 and 2018. Except for hyperuricemia, the prevalence of the other six diseases decreased in 2018 compared with 2016. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly ≥65 years old in Xinzhou District is relatively high, showing a slow upward trend. About 50.00% of the elderly suffer from comorbidities. The situation of chronic disease prevention and control is still severe. It is recommended to develop comprehensive prevention and control interventions among this population.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of Willis covered stent in patients having carotid artery rupture during transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. Six patients having carotid artery rupture during transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection admitted to the 3 hospitals from May 2016 to December 2019 were chosen; their clinical data were collected. The surgical processes and complications were concluded, and the prognoses were evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results:One patient was treated with intraoperative simple tamponade compression for hemostasis, and died for massive intracranial hemorrhage 2 weeks after surgery. Five patients were occluded by Willis covered stents; the occluded success rate was 100% but ophthalmic arteries were blocked in all. During the perioperative period, diabetes insipidus occurred in one patient and incomplete oculomotor paralysis occurred in one patient; 5 patients were followed up for 3-12 months: MRI indicated subtotal resection of tumor in 4 patients and total resection in one patient, no new bleeding or ischemic stroke events occurred in these 5 patients, and the prognosis was good.Conclusion:Willis covered stent is safe and effective in patients having carotid artery rupture during transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of transposition of the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap in repairing the middle and upper tibial soft tissue defects.Methods:The clinical data of patients with mid-upper tibial tissue defects admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Doppler ultrasound was used to detect and mark the blood vessels and branches of the lower limbs before surgery, the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap was designed according to the wound condition of the patient, the soft tissue defects in the middle and upper part of the tibia were repaired by transposition, and the appearance, color, feel, texture, gait and plantar flexion strength of the affected foot, as well as the recovery of the donor site were followed up after surgery. For patients with chronic osteomyelitis, the efficacy is evaluated with reference to McKee and other osteomyelitis treatment standards, including three levels: cure, improvement and recurrence.Results:A total of 11 patients were enrolled, including 9 males and 2 females, aged 48 to 69 years. The area of soft tissue defect ranged 3.8 cm×5.7 cm-14.2 cm×7.6 cm, and the flap size ranged 13.0 cm×6.0 cm-21.0 cm×13.0 cm. After surgery, one case had blisters at the distal end, which were cured after conservative measures. Other flaps and donor wounds presented good blood circulation, the shape and function recovered satisfactorily, and the incision healed uneventfully. 11 cases were followed up for 7-18 months after surgery, with an average of 13.2 months, and the appearance, color and texture of the flap were basically satisfactory. The two-point distance perception of the flap was 13-20 mm 9 months after surgery, with an average of 15 mm. At the last follow-up visit, the plantar flexion strength of the affected side was weaker than that of the healthy side, but the gait was basically normal. All 4 patients with chronic osteomyelitis met the clinical cure criteria, and there was no rash, swelling, overheat and pain, rupture, exudation and sinus tract formation at the primary lesion during the follow-up period (average 14 months), and no osteosclerosis and dead bone formation were found on X-ray examination. There was no deformity and dysfunction at the donor site. There was one case presented pigmentation at the donor site of the thigh. Some cases presented superficial scarring.Conclusions:The transposition of the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap repairs the middle and upper tibial tissue defects without sacrificing the major blood vessels, and the flap survival rate is high, the complications are minimal, and the function and morphological recovery of the receiving area are good.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of transposition of the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap in repairing the middle and upper tibial soft tissue defects.Methods:The clinical data of patients with mid-upper tibial tissue defects admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Doppler ultrasound was used to detect and mark the blood vessels and branches of the lower limbs before surgery, the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap was designed according to the wound condition of the patient, the soft tissue defects in the middle and upper part of the tibia were repaired by transposition, and the appearance, color, feel, texture, gait and plantar flexion strength of the affected foot, as well as the recovery of the donor site were followed up after surgery. For patients with chronic osteomyelitis, the efficacy is evaluated with reference to McKee and other osteomyelitis treatment standards, including three levels: cure, improvement and recurrence.Results:A total of 11 patients were enrolled, including 9 males and 2 females, aged 48 to 69 years. The area of soft tissue defect ranged 3.8 cm×5.7 cm-14.2 cm×7.6 cm, and the flap size ranged 13.0 cm×6.0 cm-21.0 cm×13.0 cm. After surgery, one case had blisters at the distal end, which were cured after conservative measures. Other flaps and donor wounds presented good blood circulation, the shape and function recovered satisfactorily, and the incision healed uneventfully. 11 cases were followed up for 7-18 months after surgery, with an average of 13.2 months, and the appearance, color and texture of the flap were basically satisfactory. The two-point distance perception of the flap was 13-20 mm 9 months after surgery, with an average of 15 mm. At the last follow-up visit, the plantar flexion strength of the affected side was weaker than that of the healthy side, but the gait was basically normal. All 4 patients with chronic osteomyelitis met the clinical cure criteria, and there was no rash, swelling, overheat and pain, rupture, exudation and sinus tract formation at the primary lesion during the follow-up period (average 14 months), and no osteosclerosis and dead bone formation were found on X-ray examination. There was no deformity and dysfunction at the donor site. There was one case presented pigmentation at the donor site of the thigh. Some cases presented superficial scarring.Conclusions:The transposition of the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap repairs the middle and upper tibial tissue defects without sacrificing the major blood vessels, and the flap survival rate is high, the complications are minimal, and the function and morphological recovery of the receiving area are good.

Objective To explore the impact of oral nutritional supplements in the local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. Methods From 2016 to 2018, we prospectively collected 114 patients into our study, including intervention group ( n=58) and control group ( n=56) . Patients in the intervention group were given oral nutritional supplements from the beginning of radiotherapy, while the control group patients were receiving usual diet care. We collected data of weight, hematological index and nutrition related information before, during and after treatments. Results All patients experienced weight loss during radiotherapy. The declining trend was more obvious in intervention group but with no statistical difference ( P>0.05) . Radiotherapy interruption was lower, completion rate of 2 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy was higher( 78% vs 64%, P=0.02) and level of total serum protein and albumin was more stable ( P=0.003, 0.001) in the intervention group. No difference was found in acute toxicities between the two groups ( P>0.05) . During the treatment period, the nutrition risk screening score declined, more patients with NRS 2002 ≥3 in the control group than the intervention group ( P<0.05) , while no statistically significant difference was found in PG-SGA between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusions Oral nutritional supplements can improve treatment tolerance and keep the stability of serum protein level, nevertheless, it has no obvious advantage in maintenance of weight and short-term nutritional status

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a devastating viral disease in swine, leading to significant economic losses to the pig husbandry. C-strain is one of the best modified live vaccines against CSF. The vaccine is highly safe and efficacious and can provide rapid and complete protection against essentially all genotypes of CSFV. Co-infections of pigs with CSFV and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) occur frequently in the field, making it difficult to control the associated diseases. Here, a recombinant C-strain rHCLV-Cap expressing the Cap protein of PCV2 was constructed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant had comparable phenotypes to C-strain in cell cultures and rabbits. At ten days post-immunization, anti-E2, but not anti-Cap, antibodies were detected in the rabbits inoculated with the recombinant virus. Our study warrants further work to construct C-strain-based bivalent vaccines.

Objective To analyzes the situation and influential factors of participation in physical activities for the people with disabilities. Methods The Administration Data of 2017 Basic Service Status and Needs of People with Disabilities in Henan Province were analyzed. Results There were 4% of the people with disabilities participation in physical activities. The main reasons for failing participation in physical activity included lack of suitable events, inadequate places and facilities, incomplete organization and guidance, and lack of family and social support. The participation in physical activities was influenced by factors as genders, ages, types of disability, grades of disability and household registration (P < 0.05). Conclusion The rate of participation of physical activity is low and the factors of gender, age, category and severity of disabilities may influence on it.

Vaccination is an important strategy to prevent infectious diseases. However, low antigen yield of vaccine producing strains may lead to high cost of vaccines, low antigen production and vaccine failure. In recent years, many efforts have been made to improve the antigen yield of many vaccines. This mini-review summarizes various methods for increasing the antigen yield for vaccine production, including genetic modification of viruses, improvement of the adaptation of viruses to cells, and optimization of antigen expression systems and manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and the problems of current strategies, as well as indicate the perspectives.