【Objective】 To explore the the potential risks of antiretroviral therapy(ART) drugs on blood safety among blood donors in Shenzhen. 【Methods】 High pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure ART drugs concentrations in the plasma of regular blood donors (negative control group, n=86) and anti-HIV positive individuals (experimental group, n=98, detected from approximately 440 000 blood donors during 2019—2023). The baseline plasma concentrations of ART drugs in the negative control group were clarified, and the impact of ART drugs on blood safety was analyzed. 【Results】 The baseline concentrations of ART drugs were not detected in 86 samples of negative control group. Four positive ART drugs samples were detected in 1∶2 pooled plasma samples of 98 anti-HIV positive blood donors plasma in the resolution test. The ART positive rate of anti-HIV positive donors was 4.08%, with tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz detected in three blood donors and lamivudine, lopinavir, ritonavir and zidovudine detected in one blood donor. 【Conclusion】 ART drugs were found among anti-HIV positive blood donors in Shenzhen. Additional research is needed to investigate the motivation of these specific donors, so as to ascertain the groups most susceptible to potential risks, and guarantee blood safety.

Photon Counting Detector(PCD)is a device used to detect X-ray photons,which can directly convert the energy of photons into electrical signals to achieve photon counting and measurement.PCD-based energy spectrum computed tomography(PCD-CT)technology can provide additional energy spectral imaging information,and improve imaging quality while reducing radiation dose.Compared with energy integrating detectors(EID),PCD has advantages of high energy conversion efficiency,good imaging quality,exquisite structural design,and wide application range.It has broad application prospects in ultra-low-dose CT,specific disease diagnosis,and industrial inspection.The application of PCD-CT in spectral CT imaging was reviewed to provide a useful reference for its application in clinical medical diagnosis and industrial applications.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of clostridium difficile infection(CDI)in children.Methods The clinical data of 159 children with CDI admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Shanghai Children's Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University from September 2014 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.All ini-tial CDI patients were divided into vancomycin treatment group and metronidazole treatment group according to different treatment meth-ods,Children with recurrent CDI(RCDI)were divided into two groups according to vancomycin or FMT treatment.Results A total of 159 children with initial CDI were included,including 93 males and 66 females,the age of these children was 4.3(1.7,8.0)years.109 children(68.55％)were treated with metronidazole,and 50 children(31.45％)were treated with vancomycin.Recurrence occurred in 51 children after antibiotic treatment,37 children(33.94％)of them treated with metronidazole,and 14 children(28.00％)of them treated with vancomycin,there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Among RCDI children,21 cases were treated with vancomycin and 30 were treated with FMT.The cure rate of FMT was 90.00％,and the cure rate of vancomycin was 57.14％.The cure rate of FMT was significantly higher than that of vancomycin.There were no serious adverse events reported after two months of FMT treatment.Conclusion Metronidazole can be used as the drug of choice for initial CDI in children.The cure rate of FMT for RCDI is superior to vancomycin treatment.

The upset insomnia caused by life and work pressure has seriously affected the physical and mental health of modern people and induced many diseases. The quality of Chinese medicine for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind is stable, and it has a significant effect on the treatment of insomnia, with fewer adverse reactions, and no dependence on sedative and hypnotic as chemical drugs. The Chinese herbal pieces and preparations for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind can be divided into psychotropic and sedative drugs according to their functions. Their active ingredients mainly include flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids and vitamins, etc. They are mostly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system inhibition. In this paper, the types and active ingredients and development tendency and application status of the Chinese herbal pieces and preparations of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind were reviewed individually, in order to provide reference for the development of drugs of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind in the field of clinical application and related drugs.

Objective To find out the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy(ART)drugs among treponema pallidum(TP)antibody(anti-TP)positive blood donors in Shenzhen,and to assess the blood safety risks brought about by the new trends of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)diagnosis and treatment.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 60 repeat blood donors(negative control group)who passed blood screening in Shenzhen from March 2019 to January 2023,and 3 people who regularly took known ART drugs were named positive control group,358 anti-TP positive/anti-HIV negative blood do-nors were named experimental group 1,20 anti-TP positive/anti-HIV positive blood donors were named ex-perimental group 2.The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was applied to detect the concentration of 8 ART drugs in plasma samples of each group,and the use of ART drugs was analyzed.Re-sults After the positive control group's plasma was diluted with a 1:6 dilution mixture,the ART drugs could still be detected.The positive mixed plasma samples of 1:6 people in Group 1 and Group 2 were split and validation,one ART drug positive sample was detected in Group 2,which was positive for anti-HIV,pro-tein immunoblotting,and HIV RNA.The detection rate of ART drugs in anti-TP positive blood donors was 0.26％,0.00％in Group 1 and 4.00％in Group 2.Conclusion The use of ART drugs has been found among anti-TP positive blood donors in Shenzhen,and people with HIV infection and high-risk sexual behavior are more likely to use antiretroviral drugs.

Objective To present the initial practice of a novel procedure for the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia-"lateral approach single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal(L-SILTEP)repair"in certain specific situations.Methods The clinical data of 110 inguinal hernia patients who underwent L-SILTEP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University,Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from June 2021 to March 2024 were collected retrospectively.Patients' demographics,surgical details,length of hospital stay,and postoperative outcomes were analyzed respectively.Results All surgeries were completed successfully and there was no conversion.The median surgical time was 55(41.25,70)mins and the intraoperative blood loss was 5(2,10)mL.In surgery,inferior epigastric artery injury occurred in 5 cases(4.5%)and spermatic cord injury occurred in 1 case(0.9%).The mean visual analog scale(VAS)scores pain assessment at 6,24,and 48 h after surgery were 3.0±0.8,1.9±0.7 and 1.1±0.4,respectively.The duration of hospital stay was(3.3±0.7)days.The most common postoperative complication was seroma,which occurred in 9 cases(8.2%).Additionally,extraperitoneal hematoma occurred in 1 case(0.9%)and scrotum effusion in 1 case(0.9%).Conclusions Generally,L-SILTEP is safe,feasible and effective.However,due to its advanced technique-demand,the application of L-SILTEP should be patient-specific and surgeon-specific.The successful implementation of this surgical procedure necessitates extensive training and meticulous attention to the surgical details.

Objective : To explore the molecular mechanisms of immunosuppressive activity of soluble CD83 (sCD83) . Methods : Bone marrow⁃derived dendritic cells ( DCs) and CD4 + T cells in the spleen were isolated from bone marrow progenitor cells of 6 - 8 ⁃week⁃old C57B/6 mice. DCs and CD4 + T cells were treated with 10 μl PBS (Control group) or 10 μl 10 μg/ml soluble CD83 (sCD83 group) , respectively. Immature DCs (imDCs) in DCs and CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells (Treg cells) in CD4 + T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of indoleamine 2 ,3 ⁃dioxygenase (IDO) in imDCs and the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) , phosphorylated⁃Akt serine/threonine kinase 1 ( p⁃Akt) , Akt , nucleus NF⁃κB subunit (RelB) , cytoplasm RelB and programmed cell death 1 ( PD⁃1) in Treg cells. ELISA was used to determine the level of kynurenine in DCs culture supernatant , and the levels of interleukin⁃10 ( IL⁃10) , transforming growth factor⁃β (TGF⁃ β) and IL⁃12 in imDCs and CD4 + T cells co⁃culture system. Results: Compared with Control group , the percentage of DCs cell counts expressing the surface markers of CD40 , CD83 , CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class⁃ Ⅱ (MHC Ⅱ ) in sCD83 group decreased (P < 0. 05) , with the level of kynurenine in DCs culture supernatant increased (P < 0. 05) . Compared with Control group , the percentage of Treg cell counts in sCD83 group increased ( P < 0. 05) , with the expression levels of PTEN and cytoplasm RelB enhanced (P < 0. 05) , while the expression levels of p⁃Akt , nucleus RelB and PD⁃1 decreased (P < 0. 05) . There was no significant difference in the expression level of Akt between the two groups. In the imDCs and CD4 +T cells co⁃cultured supernatants , compared with Control group , the levels of IL⁃10 and TGF⁃ β increased , and the level of IL⁃12 decreased in sCD83 group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion sCD83 can inhibit CD4 + T cells nucleus RelB levels and regulate cytokines secretion so as to have an effects on cellular crosstalk of imDCs and Treg cells and promote imDCs and Treg cells proliferation.

Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants, and the microbial communities contained in breast milk can regulate the colonization of bacteria in the intestines of newborns and enhance their immunity.As microbial culture, isolation and identification techniques continue to evolve, more and more breast-milk-derived probiotics are being discovered.Common probiotics in breast milk include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Philococcus, Streptococcus thermophilus, etc.A large number of studies have proved that breast milk-derived probiotics have a certain role in the treatment of infantile colic, functional constipation, diabetes, mastitis and other diseases, and the natural source of breast milk probiotics, adapted to the milk matrix and other characteristics make it stand out from a group of probiotics.The discovery of probiotics isolated from breast milk and the exploration of their probiotic functions can not only provide an experimental basis for the addition of breast milk-derived probiotics to infant formula, but also provide new prospects for the treatment of various diseases.

The oral cavity is continuous with the gastrointestinal tract and oral health may be closely linked with the overall health of the gastrointestinal tract.Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an intestinal disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of unknown etiology, affected by host genetics, immunoregulation, daily diet, and the gut microbiota.Recent studies of the microbiome in IBD suggest that translocation of oral microbes to the gut may be a common feature of the microbial dysbiosis which is a signature of both pediatric Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis.Murine studies suggest that translocation of oral bacteria and yeasts to the lower gastrointestinal tract may trigger inflammation in susceptible hosts, providing a mechanistic link to the development of IBD.Oral microbiota may play an important role in the development of IBD.This article reviews the relationship between oral microbiota and pediatric IBD.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved in repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 17 patients who had been treated by arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved for transtendinous rotator cuff tear caused by trauma at Sports Medicine Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020. There were 11 males and 6 females with an age of (47.9±8.3) years and a duration from injury to surgery of (50.4±21.3) d. Recorded were range of motion and muscle strength of the shoulder, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder function score, Constant-Murley shoulder function score, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, re-tears and complications before operation and at the last follow-up.Results:The 17 patients were followed up for (16.5±3.5) months after operation. Retear of the rotator cuff occurred in 2 patients after operation while MRI showed good healing of the rotator cuff in the other patients with no such postoperative complications as infection or wound dehiscence. At preoperation and the last follow-up, respectively, the range of shoulder flexion was 152.9°±8.5° and 172.4°±5.6°, the abductor muscle strength 3.5 (2.6, 4.1) kg and 6.9 (6.3, 8.3) kg, the external rotator muscle strength (3.8±1.0) kg and (5.9±1.6) kg, the internal rotator muscle strength 3.9 (3.4,4.7) kg and 5.2 (4.5,5.9) kg, the UCLA score (13.2±1.9) points and (30.9±2.4) points, the Constant score (40.1±2.8) points and (86.1±4.6) points, and the VAS score (6.7±0.8) points and (0.9±0.6) points, all showing a significant difference between preoperation and the last follow-up ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears, arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved can lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes in range of motion, muscle strength, functional recovery and pain relief.