OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the quality control of the leaves of Toricellia angulata . METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agela Promosil C 18 column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile（gradient elution ）as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of the leaves of T. angulata was established and similarity evaluation was conducted by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint（2004 edition）. The chromatographic peak was identified by comparing with the chromatogram of reference substance. Cluster analysis ，PCA and PLS-DA were used to identify chemical patterns ，and the quality differential markers were screened. The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by the same HPLC. RESULTS ：The similarities of HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of the leaves of T. angulata with control fingerprint were 0.923-0.983. A total of 11 common peaks were identified ，and the peaks 4 and 5 were hyperoside and isoquercitrin ，respectively. Results of cluster analysis ，PCA and PLS-DA showed that 10 batches of leaves of T. angulata could be divided into two categories ，Y10 was clustered into one category ，and others were clustered into one category. PLS-DA analysis showed that 6 common peaks （peaks 4，3，10，2，6 and 11） with variable importance projection （VIP）greater than 1 were selected. Average contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin in 10 batches of the leaves of T. angulata were 0.47-6.97，0.21-1.87 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC fingerprint and the method for content determination are stable and reliable ，and can be used for the quality control of the leaves of T. angulata from different areas. Six quality differential markers including hyperoside in the leaves of T. angulata from different areas are qnyz202034） preliminarily screened.

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify the secondary metabolites of Cordyceps cardinalis for providing reference for the further exploration of the active substance of C. cardinalis and the natural product library of Cordyceps. METHODS: The compounds from C. cardinalis fermentation broth were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, C18 reverse phase silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, TLC and so on. The structures of isolated compound were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectra. RESULTS: Six compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of C. cardinalis fermentation broth as 5-methyl-1, 3-benzenediol (compound 1), 4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol (compound 2), 5α, 8 α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (compound 3),3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien (compound 4), uridine (compound 5), oosporein (compound 6). CONCLUSIONS: Six compounds are isolated from C. cardinalis strain, among which compound 1 and compound 2 are isolated from the genus Cordyceps for the first time.

Objective To determine whether nitric oxide may result in different effects on cardiac function at the different time points during the course of myocardial ischhemia and reperfusien of rats in viwo, and if so, to investigate the mechanisms involved.Methods Male adult rats were subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by 5 hours of reperfusien. L-arginine was administrated at a bolus at both 10 minutes before and 50 minutes after reperfusion in early treatment group. The L-arginine was administrated at a bolus at both 3 and 4 hours after reperfusion in late treatment group. The following variables were measured: cardiac hemodynamic parameters, myocardial easpase 3 activity, iNOS and total NO content. Results Compared with vehicle group, administration of L-arginine at early reperfusion markedly reduced myocardial caspase 3 activity, and improved cardiac function. In strict contrast, administration of L-arginine at late reperfusion resulted in a significant increase in myocardial NOx content, myocardial apoptosis, and depressed the cadiac function. Conclusion Timely administration of L-arginine might inhibit apoptosis while late administration of L-arginine might enhance apoptosis.

Objective To explore the characteristics and the clinical application of MR perfusion weighted imaging(PWI)in the normal kidneys and the renal diseases.Methods Thirty-one subjects including 9 cases without urinary diseases,14 cases with renal carcinoma,6 cases with renal cyst and 2 cases witll renal tuberculosis who had been examined with T1WI,T2WI and PWI were analyzed retrospectively.All the data were processed by a workstation to obtain time-signal intensity curves,color perfusion maps and relative perfusion value.The relative renal blood volume(RBV),relative renal blood flow(RBF),mean transition time(MTT)and the time to peak(TTP)in the normal renal cortex and medulla and the renal lesions were calculated.Comparisons between the right and the left normal kidneys,and between the cortex and the medulla of the normal kidneys were performed using t test,and comparisons between the normal and the abnormal kidneys were performed using q test.Results Relative RBV and relative RBF of the cortex were 1.33±0.08 and 1.44±0.09 respectively,and for medulla were 0.58±0.05 and 0.78±0.13 respectively(t=9.2241 and 5.0336,P＜0.01);MTT(1.11±0.08)and TTP (1.04±0.06)of the cortex has no difference with that of the medulla(0.97±0.04 and 0.94±0.03)in the normal kidneys(t=2.2551 and 2.2613.P＞0.05).The values of relative RBF of the renal carcinoma (1.35±0.34)were significantly higher than that of the normal tissues(1.02±0.06)(q=3.0882,P＜0.01).Conclusion PWI is able to demonstrate the hemodynamic change of the normal renal tissues and the renal lesions,and it maybe an ideal method for showing the functional changes of the kidney and for differentiating the renal diseases.

A dynamics model of human lower extremity, which combines musculotendon dynamics and muscle excitation-contraction dynamics, is presented. With this model, a motion process of normal gait during swing phase is numerically analyzed by use of the optimal control theory. The model was verified using experimental kinematics, muscles activation, and electromyographic data. The result showed that the tri-phasic activation pattern and synergistic muscles displayed during a normal gait in swing phase. The pattern consists of three distinct phases, i. e., acceleration during moving initiation, braking the moving segment, and posture control at the final specified position.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Electromyography ; Gait ; physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lower Extremity ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Tendons ; physiology

Ligaments are the main parts which stabilize the knee joint. How to analog the ligaments in biomechanical model will affect the characteristics of the human knee dynamics and in the computation of the stress in ligaments between two bones. This symposium is aimed at the survey of the simplified method of the ligaments via mechanical parameters, and providing an exact method of constructing model.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Ligaments, Articular ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Biological

[Objective]To observe the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs)into osteogenic cells in rabbit in vitro.[Method]ADSCs were prepared by collagenase Ⅰ digestion of subcutaneous fat from the nape of Japanese white rabbit after being excised and finely minced.Cells were identified by stro-1 immunocy to chemistry,and collagen Ⅰ immunocytochemistry,alkaline phosphatase assay and Von Kossa stain after osteogenic differentiation was performed.[Result](1)ADSCs were stro-1 positive.(2)The expression of collagen Ⅰ,alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposit of ADSCs were all positive under the influence of osteogenic differentiation medium.[Conclusion]ADSCs have similar characteristics to bone marrow stromal cells,but are much more easier to have high number upon harvest and bring less pain will occur during taking ADSCs than taking BMDCs.

Evaluation of human gait function is of great significance in clinical medicine and rehabilitation engineering. A quantitative gait evaluation method using principal component analysis was proposed. The evaluation steps included that a series of characteristic index was performed by the gait parameters with a gait detection, and the index was normalized, quantified and summarized by principal component analysis. Then the evaluation results were shown in formulation, figures and tables. The examples showed that this system could evaluate the recovery of the gait by treatment.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Gait ; physiology ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis

In order to discuss the evaluation method of human upper limb movements, the patterns of movement coordination during healthy people prehension have been researched. Eight subjects were asked to perform different reaching-grasping and drinking water from the cup tasks with different indices of difficulty, and the arm movement trajectories and the main muscles group electromyography (EMG) data were collected. To explore the prehension control mechanism, a comparison has been made between the solution of the theoretic calculation and the experimental data. The results show that the topological invariance was observed in the trajectories of different task performance, and the linear relationships between joints covariation were exhibited. Moreover, the different muscles were controlled and combined into units of synergistic muscular group necessary to reach and grasp the goal.
Adult ; Electromyography ; Hand ; physiology ; Hand Strength ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Upper Extremity ; physiology

Objective To observe the change of collagen in osteoarthritis and study the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.Methods The right hind limb of twenty-four adult New Zealand White rabbits were immobilized with plaster cast in extension position for 10,20,30 and 40 days,respectively.Six animals without immobilization served as control.The articular cartilage of the medial femur condyle was harvested for transmission electron microscopy,in-situ hybridization of collagenⅡ,and immunohistochemistry of collagenⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Results Transmission electron microscopy showed articular cartilage was destructed from the fine collagen fiber network of tangential zone.The fine collagen fiber network did not contain chondrocyte.Immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization showed that in earlier period of osteoarthritis,the collagen typeⅡand its gene expression firstly increased,then decreased with destruction of ultrastructure,and chondrocytes enhanced type Ⅱ collagen expressing and synthesizing mainly in transition zone and upper deep zone.In articular cartilage of osteoarthritis there was type Ⅲ collagen,instead of typeⅠcollagen.Conclusion In osteoarthritis,articular cartilage degenerated from tangential layer,in which collagen can not be repaired after destruction,this may contribute to the chondral degeneration.