Shengjiangsan is a classic formula for treating warm diseases with wide clinical application and accurate efficacy. There are different opinions on the origin of this formula and lacks key information research on this formula. Therefore， in this study， we conducted systematic research into the historic origin， composition， and other key information of this Shengjiangsan. Results showed that Shengjiangsan has different versions， with "Neixian Fufang"， "Jiawei Jianghuangwan"， "Peizhensan"， and "Taijiwan" being the same formula with different names. Shengjiangsan was first recorded as "Neixian Fufang" in Wanbing Huichun written by GONG Tingxian from the Ming dynasty， inherited and developed by YANG Lishan from Qing dynasty， and has been passed down to modern times. Pills and powder are two main forms of Shengjiangsan， and powder has become more popular nowadays. According to the measurement system of Ming and Qing dynasties， the recommended dosage and usage of Shengjiangsan are as follows. For the pill version of Shengjiangsan， Bombyx Batryticatus of 74.6 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 9.325 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 9.325 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 149.2 g were processed into pills for preparation. Single dosage is Bombyx Batryticatus of 1.15 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.14 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.14 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 2.3 g， with halved dosage applied for children. For the powder version of Shengjiangsan， the dosage varied in accordance with the severity of the disease. Bombyx Batryticatus of 1.84 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.28 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.92 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 3.68 g were processed into powder for patients with mild symptoms. Bombyx Batryticatus of 2.48 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.37 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 1.23 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 4.91 g were processed into powder for patients with severe symptoms. Bombyx Batryticatus of 3.68 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 1.84 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.55 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 7.36 g were processed into powder for patients with critical conditions. In this formula， four herbs were ground to fine powder. For patients with mild symptoms， the whole formula was divided into four dosages， and each dosage weighed 6.71 g. The 200 mL yellow rice wine and 18.65 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold till full recovery. For patients with severe symptoms， the whole formula was divided into three dosages， and each weighed 8.95 g. 300 mL yellow rice wine and 27.98 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold. For patients with critical conditions， the whole formula was divided into two dosages， and each weighed 13.43 g. 400 mL yellow rice wine and 37.3 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold. Shengjiangsan has the effect of ascending lucidity and descending turbidity， dissipating wind， and clearing heat. It is specialized in treating severe heat in exterior， interior， and triple energizers in warm diseases and has a wide modern clinical application. In this study， the historic evolution and key information of Shengjiangsan were reviewed and analyzed， and the key information table of Shengjiangsan was attached， serving as a reference for scholars' research and a theoretical basis for its market transformation.

Objective To establish the functional constipated mouse model by compound diphenoxylate, and explore the anti-constipation effect of black garlic polysaccharide. Methods Mouse small intestine ink propulsion experiment and mouse defecation experiment were carried out respectively. The mice in each experiment were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive group and black garlic polysaccharide （0.25, 0.5, 1 g/kg） groups. Mice in blank group and model group were given distilled water, and in positive group were given lactulose oral solution. Compound diphenoxylate （5 mg/kg） was intragastric administrated after 1 week of administration, and small intestine propulsion experiment and defecation experiment were conducted respectively. Results Compared with model group, intestinal propulsion rate of black garlic polysaccharide groups was significantly increased and first dejection time was significantly shorten, and the number, weight and fecal water content increased significantly at 6 h in middle and high dose groups. Conclusion Black garlic polysaccharide could promote intestinal propelling, shorten defecation time and increase fecal water content.

Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang with a definite clinical effect has been widely used and recorded since the Han Dynasty. As a classic prescription of Chaihu classic formula praised by doctors ofsuccessive generations， it has been included in the Ancient Classic Prescription Catalogue （Second Batch）： Han Medicine published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in August 2023. We carried out a bibliometric study involved 34 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine， with 37 records including the name and composition of the prescription. This paper summarizes the source name， composition， original medicinal plant， dose， preparation method， usage， ancient and modern indications， and clinical application of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang. The results of textual research show that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang is derived from the Treatise on Febrile Diseases （Shanghanlun） written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty， and the original plants of medicines in this prescription are basically the same in ancient and modern times. Most records about the doses in ancient books are consistent with those in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases （Shanghanlun）. The efficacy of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang is to harmonize lesser yang and resolve water retention by warming. This prescription was used to treat a variety of diseases， especially those caused by disturbance of Qi movement in the greater Yang and lesser Yang. It is now mainly used to treat the diseases in the digestive system， respiratory system， dermatology， nervous system， etc.， being effective for difficult and complicated diseases. Through the excavation and combing of the ancient records of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang， this paper clarifies the key information， providing a reference for the clinical application of classical prescriptions and the development of new drugs.

The classical prescription Yangweitang， derived from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng， is specialized in treating syndromes of chill and fever due to exogenous pathogens， inner-cooling， and malaria， and it has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2018. Through bibliographical research， the relevant ancient books and modern documents were systematically sorted out， and it was found that there were many prescriptions related to the Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng. They were interwoven with Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng and widely used in clinical practice. In order to clarify their history and evolution， this paper combed the historical origin of Yangweitang and its related prescriptions and conducted textual analysis on key information such as semantic composition， herb origin， processing method， and efficacy. A total of 896 pieces of data on Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng were collected. 26 pieces of effective data were included after the screening， involving 17 ancient TCM books. Then， a total of 28 pieces of data on prescriptions related to the Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng were included， involving 23 ancient TCM books for reference. The textual analysis showed that Yangweitang originated from the Renshen Yangweitang recorded in Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang in the Song dynasty. Based on the original formula， medical experts from later generations have modified it into many different versions. A comparative analysis showed that Yangweitang from different generations had similar compositions， and the herb origin and processing method were basically clear. The recommended prescriptions are as follows： 37.3 g of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex（fried with ginger juice）， and frying with rice water Atractlodis Rhizoma， 27.98 g of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum， 18.65 g of Pogostemon cablin leaf， Tsaoko Fructus， Poria， and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and 9.33 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. They could be ground into a coarse powder， with 14.92 g for every dose， and they could be orally taken after being decocted with 450 mL of water， 7 g of fresh ginger， and 2 g of Mume Fructus to 270 mL in warm conditions. Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng has the effect of warming the middle and releasing the external， and it can treat many syndromes including spleen and stomach disharmony caused by chill and fever due to exogenous pathogens and inner-cooling， as well as all kinds of malaria. Modern clinical applications mainly focus on chronic atrophic gastritis and other digestive system diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the survival rate, success rate, soft tissue conditions and marginal bone level changes of implants following micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation at molar extraction sockets with severe periodontitis, compared to natural healing.Methods:From March 2015 to January 2017, patients scheduled for molar extraction as a consequence of severe periodontitis and planned implant-retained prostheses from Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected. A total of 40 molar extraction sockets from 40 patients received implant placement following micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation or natural healing. The front consecutive 20 teeth were assigned to the natural healing group, and the back ones were assigned to the micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP) group. The superstructures were placed 6 months later. Within 2 weeks (baseline) and 1, 2 and 3 years after implant crown restoration, modified plaque index, probing depth, modified bleeding index and keratinized tissue width were recorded every six months. Parallel periapical radiographs were taken to evaluate the peri-implant marginal bone level and to calculate marginal bone loss. Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences in the above clinical and imaging indicators between the two groups. Results:The implant survival rate and success rate of the two groups were both 100% (20/20). There were no significant differences in the modified plaque index, probing depth, modified bleeding index, buccal keratinized tissue width and marginal bone loss between two groups at 1, 2 and 3 years after implant crown restoration (all P>0.05). Marginal bone loss was 0.22 (0.14, 0.34) mm in the natural healing group and 0.21 (0.12, 0.30) mm in the MCF-ARP group at a 3-year post-loading evaluation. Conclusions:Within the limitations of the present study, implants placed at ridge preserved and naturally healed molar extraction sockets with severe periodontitis demonstrate comparable clinical outcomes at a 3-year post-loading evaluation.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of narrow-band intense pulsed light in the treatment of erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli (EFFC).Methods:The patients with EFFC, diagnosed at the Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, from January 2017 to December 2022, were retrospectively evaluated. There were 28 patients, including 24 males and 4 females. They ranged in age from 15 to 35 (21.0±4.2) years. All patients received three sessions of narrow-band intense pulsed light treatments, with intervals of 1-2 months. A follow-up visit was completed 1-2 months after three treatments, and efficacy was evaluated. Two dermatologists assessed the clinical improvement in erythema, pigmentation, and follicular papules on a 4-point scale (0=0-25% improvement, 1=26%-50% improvement, 2=51%-75% improvement, and 3=76%-100% improvement). Adverse events were also recorded.Results:A total of 28 patients received three sessions of narrow-band intense pulsed light treatments and were followed-up. After three treatments, the mean improvement scores for erythema, follicular papules, and pigmentation were (2.02±0.65), (1.38±0.59) and (0.80±0.61) respectively. Among these patients, 67.9% (19/28) experienced over 50% improvement in erythema, 39.3% (11/28) showed over 50% improvement in follicular papules, and 7.1% (2/28) demonstrated over 50% improvement in pigmentation. No blisters and scars were formed.Conclusions:Narrow-band intense pulsed light is a safe and effective treatment for patients with EFFC, particularly for those presenting with erythema.

It is believed that the basic pathogenesis of oculomotor nerve paralysis （ONP） is qi and blood depletion and channel obstruction. Taking channel pattern differentiation as the core， it is recommended to use acupuncture mainly based on location， syndrome and channel deficiency-excess differentiation. Location and channel tropism differentiation mainly follows the principle of “where the channels and collaterals pass， the main treatment can reach”， and commonly uses acupuncture points on Dumai （督脉）， the hand Shaoyang （少阳） Sanjiao （三焦） channel， the hand Taiyang （太阳） small intestine channel， three yang channels of the foot， the hand Shaoyin （少阴） heart channel， the foot Jueyin （厥阴） liver channel， and others， and combines scalp acupuncture with electro-acupuncture to enhance channel stimulation. Pattern and channel tropism differentiation is to differentiate the entered channel according to clinical symptoms and zang-fu patterns. The differentiation of deficiency-excess should be payed attention to， and the principle of “supplementing the deficiency， and draining the excess” should be followed. The supplementing and draining method should be used rationally by considering the differences in the supplementing and draining acupoints themselves， as well as the actual condition of the patients. Simultaneously， it is suggested to combine manipulation and stimulation amount and effect in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese male and female adults.Methods:Linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations between COPD and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade concerning bone mineral density indices, including broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound, and stiffness index, based on data from the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank.Results:Among 23 876 participants, the prevalence of COPD was 34.3% (3 130/9 125) in males and 23.2% (3 416/14 751) in females. Compared with healthy males and healthy females, broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound, and stiffness index decreased in males and females with COPD, with β values (95% CI) of -0.87 (-1.37- -0.36), -3.42 (-5.42- -1.43) and -1.53 (-2.34- -0.71) in males and -0.66 (-1.09- -0.23), -2.24 (-3.92- -0.55), -1.06 (-1.71- -0.40) in females, respectively. The decrease was greater in males than females (all P for interaction <0.05). The GOLD grade of COPD was inversely correlated with all the three indices in a dose-response manner (all P for trend <0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with COPD had a greater decrease in BMD in males whose ages were ≥ 60 years, males who were less physically active, and participants who were not overweight or obese. Conclusions:COPD was negatively correlated with bone mineral density. More attention should be paid to the bone mineral density of patients with COPD, especially those with older age, less physical activity, or lower BMI.

Objective:To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of volume management of maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to provide a basis for standardizing volume management and carrying out refined individual care.Methods:By means of convenience sampling, 608 patients from 4 hospitals who received regular dialysis treatment in Xuzhou and Yancheng hemodialysis rooms in October 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were surveyed by a self-designed knowledge questionnaires of volume management, Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients′ Capacity Management Behavior Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale. Questionnaires were collected through the questionnaire star.Results:A total of 608 valid questionnaires were collected. The knowledge dimension scored 8.21 ± 2.27 , atitude dimension scored 7.36 ± 2.06 and behavior dimension scored 15.07 ± 4.22. Multiplelinear regression analysis showed that age, dialysis age and self-care ability were predictors of volume management knowledge score ( t=-2.07, 2.35, -3.90, all P<0.05 ). Medical insurance type was a predictor of volume management attitude score ( t=-2.17, P<0.05). Education level was a predictor of volume management behavior score ( t=3.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The capacity management knowledge and capacity management attitude of maintenance hemodialysis patients is in the medium level, but with poor volume management executive ability. It is suggested that medical staff carry out health education related to volume management according to different characteristics of patients, and effectively improve patients′ volume management ability.

Objective: To understand anxiety status among students with hearing loss under the epidemic of novel coronarirus pneumonia, and to provide evidence for promoting mental health of hearing impaired students. Methods: On March 10, 2020, 612 hearing impaired students in special schools in 6 provinces,including Guizhou,Sichuan,Hunan,Zhejiang,Chongqing and Xinjiang were investigated online with anxiety scale. Results: The detection rate of anxiety in hearing impaired students was 52.8%. There was significant difference in the detection rate of anxiety among hearing impaired students by different economic status(from very good,good,mederate,poor and very poor:54.1%,63.9%,51.4%,40.7% and 38.8%) and relationship with their parents(from very good,good,mederate,poor and very poor:45.1%,55.7%,60.0%,84.6%,87.5%) ( χ 2=16.59, 62.46, P <0.05). Conclusion The anxiety level of hearing impaired students was high under the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Hearing impaired students from families with good economic conditions and poor parent child relations are prone to anxiety. It is particularly important to establish a good parent child relationship.