Objective To obtain the medical exposure frequency data of residents through a questionnaire survey on mobile phone networks in the community, and to analyze the main influencing factors. Methods A snowball sampling method was used to expand the sampling from medical staff in a county hospital to the community. The questionnaire included personal information such as occupation category, type of medical insurance, and education level as well as basic radiation-related knowledge and medical exposure type and frequency of respondents received in 2021. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical exposure. Results A total of 223 respondents were investigated, and 12.56% of them received radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy in 2021. The proportion of males receiving medical exposure was significantly higher than that of females (19.64% vs 10.18%). The likelihood of the person receiving medical exposure increased considerably with age, with the proportion of residents receiving medical exposure at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years of age being 6.25%, 7.95%, 19.23%, and 33.33%, respectively. Of persons who received medical exposure, 57.14% underwent CT scans. Persons participating in the new rural cooperative medical system were likely less to receive radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy than urban workers and residents (OR = 0.55, CI:0.13-2.23, P > 0.05). Conclusion Questionnaire survey in the community can obtain more information about the medical exposure of residents, and age and type of medical insurance are important factors affecting the frequency of medical exposure.

Objective:To study the healthcare level (HCL) in China and its influencing factors.Methods:By using the data reported in the China statistical yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and in other public literature, HCL was calculated in terms of the number of population and physicians in the whole country and various provinces. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationship between HCL and regional population, area, number of administrative divisions and gross domestic product (GDP). Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between healthcare level and medical radiation frequency. Results:Since 2015, Chinese HCL value was lower than 1 000, but there were two provinces with HCL value greater than 1 000 in 2019. Population and GDP were the influencing factors for the HCL, with correlation coefficients of 0.416 and -0.583, respectively. There was a correlation between HCL and medical exposure frequency of Chinese population( r= -0.620, P=0.028). Conclusions:Chinese HCL value was 542 in 2020, but there has been great differences between various provinces. HCL as an indicator of medical exposure assessment needs further research in China.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.

The rapid development of medical application of ionizing radiation has seen a range of safety and protection problems that might be of importance. This paper aims to introduce the current situation and existing problems in the public medical exposure, and to propose the relevant suggestions, based on a combination of judgment of medical radiation exposure justification, quality assurance and control of equipment in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, occupational protection of radiation workers, and health effects on patients undergoing radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.

Objective:To understand the status quo and problems of clinical nursing fund paper publication in China from 2015 to 2018.Methods:The clinical nursing fund papers published in 12 core nursing journals and published by Chinese Authors in WOS database were analyzed by using bibliometrics methodology. Information analyzed including year distribution, number of authors, regional distribution, the number of institutions, research nature, research type, statistical application, specialty distribution and research content.Results:From 2015 to 2018, the proportion of clinical nursing fund papers was increasing, the proportion of funded papers in Chinese and WOS was 44.06% and 51.46% respectively, the main funding sources of each project came from provinces or direct-controlled municipalities level(42.02% in Chinese and 33.06% in WOS). Chinese fund papers were mainly co-authored by four people (20.18%) and mostly from the same institution (67.83%), the fund papers collected by WOS were mainly co-authored by six people (21.14%) and mainly produced by two institutions (40.65%). Clinical trials (26.64%) were the main research types of Chinese funded papers, and statistical inference (73.15%) was the main application of statistical methods. Jiangsu (14.58%) produced the most Chinese fund papers, and the first authors of the fund papers collected by WOS mostly came from Taiwan (43.90%); the main research topics were oncology nursing (16.65% in Chinese and 22.49% in WOS) and disease and symptom nursing (23.57% in Chinese and 23.04% in WOS).Conclusions:The number of papers on clinical nursing fund was increasing year by year, the application of statistics is basically stable, the sources of fund funding were increasingly diversified, and the trend of scientific research cooperation was increasing. Economically developed areas were the main force of scientific research output. The focus of clinical nursing research was oncology nursing and disease and symptom nursing.

Objective The statistics of nursing management zero-cited papers published in 12 nursing core journals were analyzed ,and the reasons were analyzed to provide reference for further improvement of the academic quality of nursing man-agement class papers and reducing zero cited rate .Methods The nursing management zero-cited papers published in 12 nursing core journals from 2015 to 2017 were searched in Wanfang Database ,and the amount of documents issued ,funded status ,num-ber of authors ,academic qualifications and titles ,and themes were analyzed .Results There were 2492 articles of zero cited papers of nursing management during 2015-2017 ,accounted for 46 .65％ of the total number of nursing management thesis ,a-mong which there were 1172 papers of zero cited papers and 1320 papers of non-funds ,which showed an increasing trend year by year .The lowest cited rate was 33 .67％ in the Chinese Journal of Nursing .The zero cited fund of nursing management was the most subsidized by provincial (municipality) level ,accounted for 42 .83％ .The zero cited rates of qualitative research ,sur-vey research and application statistical description were the highest ,which were 51 .44％ ,50 .87％ and 47 .03％ .More than 70％ of the zero cited papers are divided into 4 aspects :nursing human resource management ,nursing quality management , nursing management mode and management psychology research .Nursing human resource management was more concerned with the training of nurses ,core competencies ,job management ,job stress ,and job satisfaction .The research content of nurs-ing quality management focused on quality control circle ,nursing quality assessment ,continuous quality improvement ,and ad-verse event management .Conclusions The zero cited rate of nursing management papers is high ,suggesting that the training of nursing management personnel's scientific research ability should be strengthened ,so that they can grasp the hot spots or fo-cus issues in the field of nursing management to select topics and promote the clinical application of nursing management re-sults .

Objective Analyze the distribution of high-cited papers on nursing management from 2015 to 2017,understand the research hotspots of nursing management in recent years,provide further reference for nurses to conduct research in this field in the future.Methods Bibliometrics method and visualization techniques were used to analyze the distribution of journals,fund support,thematic distribution,regional distribution of nursing management highly cited papers published in 12 nursing core journals.Results There were 422 highly cited papers in nursing management from 2015 to 2017,and the total cited frequency was 4 709 times,and the average cited frequency was 11.16 times.Among them,187 papers were funded,and the frequency of citation is 11.63 times.There are 235 non-fund articles,and the average frequency of citation is 10.79 times.The highest number of highly cited papers published in the "Nursing Research" was 63,followed by 61 articles in the “Chinese Journal of Nursing” and the “Journal of Nursing Science”.The research focuses on nursing human resource management,nursing quality management,nursing safety management and so on.The high cited papers were funded by provincial (municipality)level,and the average fund paper ratio was 44.31％.The authors are distributed in 28 regions.Conclusions Nursing personnel caught the attention of the hot spots of clinical research and paid attention to teamwork,which played an active role in promoting the overall level of nursing management.

Objective To explore the zero cited fund papers in clinical nursing in China,in order to provide evidence for improving the academic quality and cite rate of nursing papers.Methods Bibliometric statistical analysis was used to summarize zero cited papers published in 12 nursing core journals from 2012 to 2014.Indicators collected including the distribution of time,journals,funding number,funding sources,research methods,research design type,statistics method,number of cooperative people,nature of the authors' organizations,as well as the conditions of cited papers and the distribution of themes.Results The overall zero cited rate of clinical nursing zero cited fund papers was 74.64％.Affiliated hospital of colleges account for a large proportion of 42.53％,and the zero cited rate in the national disease research center and the affiliated hospital of army colleges was the highest (100.00％ and 80.52％).The oncology nursing,disease and symptoms care proportion was 13.94％ and 23.10％.The output of TCM care and rehabilitation care fund paper accounted only 3 and 8 respectively,and none was cited.The zero cited rates of social support,care coordination,treatment and care attitude and evidence-based research were 96.3％,94.12％,91.67％,90.32％.Strengthened their awareness of research applications,managers focused on research papers in the number of outputs at the same time and paid attention to the paper quality,and promoted scientific research into nursing,and promoted the development of nursing discipline.Conclusions The current paper-citing situation in clinical nursing was not optimistic,nursing research personnel should correct the attitude of scientific research,strengthen their own sense of scientific achievement applications.The management personnel should pay more attention to the paper quality,and promote nursing research outcome transformation,promote the development of nursing discipline.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of mycophenolate mofetil combined with glucocorticosteroid on the children with anaphylatic purpura nephritis.Methods:70 cases of children treated and diagnosed as anaphylatic purpura nephritis in our hospital from March,2012 to September,2015 were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.Conventional therapy was applied to both groups,the observation group was treated by mycophenolate mofetil combined with prednisone,the control group was given cyclophosphamide combined with prednisone.The total effective rate,disappearence time of clinical symptoms,biochemical indicators,immune function as well as the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of observation group was 94.29％,which was 85.17％ in the control group,no statistical difference was found between two groups(P＞0.05).After therapy,the disappearence time of albuminuria,hematuria in observation group showed no significant difference compared with those of the control group,the level of 24 h urine protein quantitation and CD19+ of both groups were significantly decreased,and the level of CD19+ of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜0.05),the level of albumin,total protein and CD3+,CD3+CD4+ of both groups were significantly increased,and the level of CD3+,CD3+CD4+of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:Mycophenolate mofetil combined with glucocorticosteroid was more effective and safe on the children with anaphylatic purpura nephritis than that of cyclophosphamide combined with prednisone.

Objective To investigate the habits that literatures using by nursing staffs during 2010 to 2012 in China.Methods The publication from Chinese Journal of Nursing, Nursing Research, Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, Journal of Nurses Training and Journal of Nursing Science from year of 2010 to 2012 were statistically analyzed using literature metrology method.The statistics results were compared with data from 2007 to 2009.Results In past 3 years, the quantity,quantity of papers with citations, average number of citations, citations of theses with citations published in-mentioned above five periodicals increased year by year.In 2010 to 2012, the average number of citations and citations rate of papers also improved compared with 2007 to 2009.The type citation is mainly from Journals,and the language was mainly in Chinese.Conclusions In the past 3 years, the nursing staff's literature utilization was improved.However, in the situation of using references with foreign language, nursing staff was poor comparing with medical personnel.On the scientific research ability of nursing personnel training should be strengthened,and the application of new technology and new theory in domestic and international should be strengthened as well..